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99th United States Congress
98th ← → 100th
United States Capitol (2002)
January 3, 1985 – January 3, 1987
Senate President	George H. W. Bush (R)
Senate Pres. pro tem	Strom Thurmond (R)
House Speaker	Tip O'Neill (D)
Members	100 senators 435 representatives 5 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority	Republican
House Majority	Democratic
Sessions
1st: January 3, 1985 – December 20, 1985 2nd: January 21, 1986 – October 18, 1986

The Ninety-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1985, to January 3, 1987, during the fifth and sixth years of Ronald Reagan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twentieth Census of the United States in 1980. The Republicans maintained control of the Senate, while the Democrats maintained control of the House of Representatives.

Major events

• January 20, 1985: Ronald Reagan was privately sworn in for a second term as U.S. President (publicly sworn in, January 21).


• January 28, 1986: Space Shuttle Challenger disaster: Destruction of the shuttle and death of the crew shortly after lift-off.


• April 15, 1986: Operation El Dorado Canyon: At least 15 people die after United States planes bomb targets in the Libyan capital, Tripoli, and the Benghazi region.


• October 21, 1986: The Marshall Islands achieved independence from U.S.-administered UN Trusteeship and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.


• November 3, 1986: The Federated States of Micronesia achieved independence from U.S.-administered UN Trusteeship and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.


• November 3, 1986: Iran–Contra affair: The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa reported that the United States has been selling weapons to Iran in secret to secure the release of American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.


• November 4, 1986: United States general elections, 1986: Congressional Democrats regained (+8) their Senate majority (55-45), and slightly increased (+5) their House majority (258-177).

Major legislation

• December 12, 1985: Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Balanced Budget Act) Pub.L. 99–177 (title II)


• December 17, 1985: Gold Bullion Coin Act of 1985, Pub.L. 99–185
  


• April 7, 1986: Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA) Pub.L. 99–272 (including Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act)


• May 19, 1986: Firearm Owners Protection Act, Pub.L. 99–308
  


• October 1, 1986: Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986 (Defense Reorganization), Pub.L. 99–433
  


• October 2, 1986: Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act, Pub.L. 99–440
  


• October 17, 1986: Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, Pub.L. 99–499 (title III)


• October 21, 1986: Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986, Pub.L. 99–508
  


• October 22, 1986: Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub.L. 99–514
  


• October 27, 1986: Anti-Drug Abuse Act, Pub.L. 99–570
  


• October 31, 1986: Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Pub.L. 99–592
  


• November 6, 1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act), Pub.L. 99–603, S. 1200
  


• November 17, 1986: Water Resources Development Act of 1986, Pub.L. 99–662
  

Party summary

Senate

Party standings on the opening day of the 99th Congress

  47 Democratic Senators

  53 Republican Senators

House of Representatives

House seats by party holding majority in state
80–100% Republican	80–100% Democratic
60–80% Republican	60–80% Democratic
50–60% Republican	50–60% Democratic
striped: evenly split

Leadership

Senate

• 
  President of the Senate: George H. W. Bush (R)


• 
  President pro tempore: Strom Thurmond
  

Majority (Republican) leadership

• 
  Majority Leader: Bob Dole
  


• 
  Majority Whip: Alan K. Simpson
  


• 
  Conference Chairman: John Chafee
  


• 
  Republican Conference Secretary: Thad Cochran
  


• 
  National Senatorial Committee Chair: H. John Heinz III
  


• 
  Policy Committee Chairman: William L. Armstrong
  

Minority (Democratic) leadership

• 
  Minority Leader: Robert Byrd
  


• 
  Minority Whip: Alan Cranston
  


• 
  Caucus Secretary: Daniel Inouye
  


• 
  Campaign Committee Chairman: George J. Mitchell
  

House of Representatives

• 
  Speaker: Tip O'Neill (D)

Majority (Democratic) leadership

• 
  Majority Leader: Jim Wright
  


• 
  Majority Whip: Tom Foley
  


• 
  Chief Deputy Majority Whip: William Vollie Alexander Jr.
  


• 
  Democratic Caucus Chairman: Dick Gephardt
  


• 
  Caucus Secretary: Mary Rose Oakar
  


• 
  Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Tony Coelho
  

Minority (Republican) leadership

• 
  Minority Leader: Robert H. Michel
  


• 
  Minority Whip: Trent Lott
  


• 
  Chief Deputy Whip: Tom Loeffler
  


• 
  Conference Chair: Jack Kemp
  


• 
  Conference Vice-Chair: Lynn Morley Martin
  


• 
  Conference Secretary: Robert J. Lagomarsino
  


• 
  Policy Committee Chairman: Dick Cheney
  


• 
  Campaign Committee Chairman: Guy Vander Jagt
  

Caucuses

• Congressional Arts Caucus


• Congressional Automotive Caucus


• Congressional Black Caucus


• Congressional Friends of Ireland Caucus


• Congressional Hispanic Caucus


• Congressional Pediatric & Adult Hydrocephalus Caucus


• Congressional Travel & Tourism Caucus


• Congresswomen's Caucus


• House Democratic Caucus


• Senate Democratic Caucus

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators are popularly elected statewide every six years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1986; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1988; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1990.

House of Representatives

Changes in membership

Senate

House of Representatives

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (1 link), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Senate

• 
  Aging (Special) (Chair: H. John Heinz III)


• 
  Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry (Chair: Jesse Helms)


• 
  Appropriations (Chair: Mark Hatfield)
  
  
  
  • Agriculture and Related Agencies
  
  
  • Commerce, Justice, State and Judiciary
  
  
  • Defense
  
  
  • District of Columbia
  
  
  • Energy and Water Development
  
  
  • Foreign Operations
  
  
  • HUD-Independent Agencies
  
  
  • Interior
  
  
  • Labor-Health, Education and Welfare
  
  
  • Legislative Branch
  
  
  • Military Construction
  
  
  • Transportation
  
  
  • Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
  
  
  
  


• 
  Armed Services (Chair: Barry Goldwater)
  
  
  
  • Military Construction
  
  
  • Strategic and Theater Nuclear Forces
  
  
  • Preparedness
  
  
  • Sea Power and Force Projection
  
  
  • Manpower and Personnel
  
  
  • Defense Acquisition Policy
  
  
  
  


• 
  Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs (Chair: Jake Garn)
  
  
  
  • Housing and Urban Affairs
  
  
  • International Finance and Monetary Policy
  
  
  • Financial Institutions and Consumer Affairs
  
  
  • Securities
  
  
  • Economic Policy
  
  
  
  


• 
  Budget (Chair: Pete Domenici)


• 
  Commerce, Science and Transportation (Chair: John Danforth)
  
  
  
  • Aviation
  
  
  • Business, Trade and Tourism
  
  
  • Communications
  
  
  • Consumer
  
  
  • Merchant Marine
  
  
  • Science, Technology and Space
  
  
  • Surface Transportation
  
  
  • National Ocean Policy Study
  
  
  
  


• 
  Energy and Natural Resources (Chair: James A. McClure)
  
  
  
  • Energy Conservation and Supply
  
  
  • Natural Resources Development and Production
  
  
  • Energy Research and Development
  
  
  • Water and Power
  
  
  • Public Lands, Reserved Water and Resource Conservation
  
  
  
  


• 
  Environment and Public Works (Chair: Robert Stafford)
  
  
  
  • Environmental Pollution
  
  
  • Nuclear Regulation
  
  
  • Water Resources
  
  
  • Transportation
  
  
  • Regional and Community Development
  
  
  • Toxic Substances and Environmental Oversight
  
  
  
  


• 
  Ethics (Select) (Chair: Warren Rudman)


• 
  Finance (Chair: Bob Packwood)
  
  
  
  • Taxation and Debt Management
  
  
  • International Trade
  
  
  • Savings, Pensions and Investment Policy
  
  
  • Economic Growth, Employment and Revenue
  
  
  • Energy and Agricultural Taxation
  
  
  • Health
  
  
  • Social Security and Income Maintenance Programs
  
  
  • Estate and Gift Taxation
  
  
  • Oversight of the Internal Revenue Service
  
  
  
  


• 
  Foreign Relations (Chair: Richard Lugar)
  
  
  
  • Western Hemisphere Affairs
  
  
  • International Economic Policy, Oceans and Environment
  
  
  • African Affairs
  
  
  • Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs
  
  
  • European Affairs
  
  
  • East Asian and Pacific Affairs
  
  
  
  


• 
  Governmental Affairs (Chair: Bill Roth)
  
  
  
  • Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
  
  
  • Governmental Efficiency and the District of Columbia
  
  
  • Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Federal Services
  
  
  • Intergovernmental Relations
  
  
  • Civil Service, Post Office and General Services
  
  
  • Oversight of Government Management
  
  
  
  


• 
  Impeachment of Harry E. Claiborne (Select) (Chair: Charles Mathias)


• 
  Indian Affairs (Select) (Chair: Mark Andrews)


• 
  Judiciary (Chair: Strom Thurmond)
  
  
  
  • Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks
  
  
  • Criminal Law
  
  
  • Constitution
  
  
  • Immigration and Refugee Policy
  
  
  • Courts
  
  
  • Administration Practice and Procedure
  
  
  • Security and Terrorism
  
  
  • Juvenile Justice
  
  
  
  


• 
  Intelligence (Select) (Chair: David Durenberger)


• 
  Labor and Human Resources (Chair: Orrin Hatch)
  
  
  
  • Labor
  
  
  • Education, Arts and Humanities
  
  
  • Employment and Productivity
  
  
  • Handicapped
  
  
  • Children, Family, Drugs and Alcoholism
  
  
  • Aging
  
  
  
  


• Nutrition and Human Needs (Select)


• 
  Rules and Administration (Chair: Charles Mathias)


• Security and Cooperation in Europe (Special)


• 
  Small Business (Chair: Lowell P. Weicker Jr.)
  
  
  
  • Urban and Rural Economic Development
  
  
  • Government Procurement
  
  
  • Productivity and Competition
  
  
  • Innovation and Technology
  
  
  • Export Promotion and Market Development
  
  
  • Small Business Family Farm
  
  
  • Entrepreneurship and Special Problems Facing Small Business
  
  
  
  


• 
  Veterans' Affairs (Chair: Frank Murkowski)


• Whole

House of Representatives

• Aging (Select)


• 
  Agriculture (Chair: Kika de la Garza)
  
  
  
  • Cotton, Rice and Sugar
  
  
  • Livestock, Dairy and Poultry
  
  
  • Tobacco and Peanuts
  
  
  • Wheat, Soybeans and Feed Grains
  
  
  • Conservation Credit and Rural Development
  
  
  • Department Operations Research and Foreign Agriculture
  
  
  • Domestic Marketing, Consumer Relations and Nutrition
  
  
  • Forests, Family Farms and Energy
  
  
  
  


• 
  Appropriations (Chair: Jamie L. Whitten)
  
  
  
  • Agriculture, Rural Development and Related Agencies
  
  
  • Commerce, Justice, State and the Judiciary
  
  
  • Defense
  
  
  • District of Columbia
  
  
  • Energy and Water Development
  
  
  • Foreign Operations
  
  
  • HUD-Independent Agencies
  
  
  • Interior
  
  
  • Labor-Health and Human Services
  
  
  • Legislative
  
  
  • Military Construction
  
  
  • Transportation
  
  
  • Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
  
  
  
  


• 
  Armed Services (Chair: Les Aspin)
  
  
  
  • Military Personnel and Compensation
  
  
  • Research and Development
  
  
  • Seapower, Strategic and Critical Materials
  
  
  • Procurement and Military Nuclear Systems
  
  
  • Investigations
  
  
  • Readiness
  
  
  • Morale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) Panel
  
  
  • Military Installations and Facilities
  
  
  
  


• 
  Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs (Chair: Fernand St. Germain)
  
  
  
  • Financial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and Insurance
  
  
  • Housing and Community Development
  
  
  • Consumer Affairs and Coinage
  
  
  • Domestic Monetary Policy
  
  
  • International Finance, Trade and Monetary Policy
  
  
  • General Oversight and Renegotiation
  
  
  • Economic Stabilization
  
  
  • International Development Institutions and Finance
  
  
  
  


• 
  Budget (Chair: William H. Gray)
  
  
  
  • Defense and International Affairs
  
  
  • Economic Policy
  
  
  • Budget Process
  
  
  • State and Local Government
  
  
  • Human Resources
  
  
  • Community and Natural Resources
  
  
  • Health
  
  
  • Income Security
  
  
  
  


• Children, Youth and Families (Select)


• 
  District of Columbia (Chair: Ron Dellums)
  
  
  
  • Fiscal Affairs and Health
  
  
  • Government Operations and Metropolitan Affairs
  
  
  • Judiciary and Education
  
  
  
  


• 
  Education and Labor (Chair: Augustus F. Hawkins)
  
  
  
  • Elementary, Secondary and Vocational Education
  
  
  • Postsecondary Education
  
  
  • Health and Safety
  
  
  • Labor-Management Relations
  
  
  • Labor Standards
  
  
  • Human Resources
  
  
  • Select Education
  
  
  • Employment Opportunities
  
  
  
  


• 
  Energy and Commerce (Chair: John Dingell)
  
  
  
  • Oversight and Investigations
  
  
  • Health and the Environment
  
  
  • Telecommunications, Consumer Protection and Finance
  
  
  • Fossil and Synthetic Fuels
  
  
  • Commerce, Transportation and Tourism
  
  
  • Energy Conservation and Power
  
  
  
  


• 
  Foreign Affairs (Chair: Dante Fascell)
  
  
  
  • Arms Control, International Security and Science
  
  
  • Europe and the Middle East
  
  
  • Human Rights and International Organizations
  
  
  • International Economic Policy and Trade
  
  
  • Asian and Pacific Affairs
  
  
  • International Operations
  
  
  • Western Hemisphere Affairs
  
  
  • Africa
  
  
  
  


• 
  Government Operations (Chair: Jack Brooks)
  
  
  
  • Legislation and National Security
  
  
  • Government Activities and Transportation
  
  
  • Government Information and Individual Rights
  
  
  • Ingovernmental Relations and Human Resources
  
  
  • Environment, Energy and Natural Resources
  
  
  • Commerce, Consumer and Monetary Affairs
  
  
  • Employment and Housing
  
  
  
  


• 
  House Administration (Chair: Frank Annunzio)
  
  
  
  • Accounts
  
  
  • Services
  
  
  • Office Systems
  
  
  • Personnel and Police
  
  
  • Elections
  
  
  • Procurement and Printing
  
  
  
  


• Hunger (Select)


• 
  Interior and Insular Affairs (Chair: Mo Udall)
  
  
  
  • Energy and the Environment
  
  
  • Public Lands
  
  
  • General Oversight, Northwest Power and Forest Management
  
  
  • Water and Power Resources
  
  
  • Mining and Natural Resources
  
  
  • National Parks and Recreation
  
  
  
  


• 
  Judiciary (Chair: Peter W. Rodino)
  
  
  
  • Immigration, Refugees and International Law
  
  
  • Administrative Law and Governmental Relations
  
  
  • Courts, Civil Liberties and the Administration of Justice
  
  
  • Civil and Constitutional Rights
  
  
  • Monopolies and Commercial Law
  
  
  • Crime
  
  
  • Criminal Justice
  
  
  
  


• 
  Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chair: Walter B. Jones Sr.)
  
  
  
  • Merchant Marine
  
  
  • Fisheries, Wildlife Conservation and the Environment
  
  
  • Oceangraphy
  
  
  • Panama Canal and Outer Continental Stuff
  
  
  • Coast Guard and Navigation
  
  
  • Oversight and Investigations
  
  
  
  


• Narcotics Abuse and Control (Select)


• 
  Post Office and Civil Service
  
  
  
  • Civil Service
  
  
  • Census and Population
  
  
  • Postal Operations and Services
  
  
  • Compensation and Employee Benefits
  
  
  • Human Resources
  
  
  • Investigations
  
  
  • Postal Personnel and Modernization
  
  
  
  


• 
  Public Works and Transportation (Chair: James J. Howard)
  
  
  
  • Aviation
  
  
  • Economic Development
  
  
  • Investigations and Oversight
  
  
  • Public Buildings and Grounds
  
  
  • Surface Transportation
  
  
  • Water Resources
  
  
  
  


• 
  Rules (Chair: Claude Pepper)
  
  
  
  • The Legislative Process
  
  
  • Rules of the House
  
  
  
  


• 
  Science and Technology (Chair: Don Fuqua)
  
  
  
  • Energy Development and Applications
  
  
  • Natural Resources, Agriculture Research and Environment
  
  
  • Energy Research and Production
  
  
  • Science, Research and Technology
  
  
  • Transportation, Aviation and Materials
  
  
  • Investigations and Oversight
  
  
  • Space Science and Applications
  
  
  
  


• 
  Small Business (Chair: Parren Mitchell)
  
  
  
  • SBA and SBIC Authority, Minority Enterprise and General Small Business Problems
  
  
  • General Oversight and the Economy
  
  
  • Antitrust and Restraint of Trade Activities affecting Small Business
  
  
  • Energy, Environment and Safety Issues affecting Small Business
  
  
  • Tax, Access to Equity Capital and Business Opportunities
  
  
  • Export Opportunities and Special Small Business Problems
  
  
  
  


• 
  Standards of Official Conduct (Chair: Julian C. Dixon)


• 
  Veterans' Affairs (Chair: Gillespie V. Montgomery)
  
  
  
  • Oversight and Investigations
  
  
  • Hospitals and Health Care
  
  
  • Education, Training and Employment
  
  
  • Compensation, Pension and Insurance
  
  
  • Housing and Memorial Affairs
  
  
  
  


• 
  Ways and Means (Chair: Dan Rostenkowski)
  
  
  
  • Trade
  
  
  • Oversight
  
  
  • Select Revenue Measures
  
  
  • Health
  
  
  • Social Security
  
  
  • Public Assistance and Unemployment Compensation
  
  
  
  


• Whole

Joint committees

• Economic


• Taxation


• Library


• Printing

Employees and legislative agency directors

Legislative branch agency directors

• 
  Architect of the Capitol: George M. White
  


• 
  Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Freeman H. Cary (until 1986), William Narva (starting 1986)


• 
  Comptroller General of the United States: Charles A. Bowsher
  


• Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Rudolph G. Penner


• 
  Librarian of Congress: Daniel J. Boorstin
  


• 
  Public Printer of the United States: Ralph E. Kennickell Jr.

Senate

• 
  Chaplain: Richard C. Halverson
  


• 
  Historian: Richard A. Baker
  


• 
  Parliamentarian: Bob Dove
  


• 
  Secretary: Jo-Anne L. Coe
  


• 
  Secretary for the Majority: Howard O. Greene Jr.
  


• 
  Secretary for the Minority: David Pratt
  


• 
  Sergeant at Arms: Larry E. Smith (until June 3, 1985), Ernest W. Garcia (starting June 3, 1985)

House of Representatives

• 
  Chaplain: James David Ford
  


• 
  Clerk: Benjamin J. Guthrie
  


• 
  Doorkeeper: James T. Molloy
  


• 
  Historian: Ray Smock
  


• 
  Reading Clerks: Meg Goetz (D) and Bob Berry (R)


• 
  Parliamentarian: William H. Brown
  


• 
  Postmaster: Robert V. Rota
  


• 
  Sergeant at Arms: Jack Russ
  

See also

• 
  United States elections, 1984 (elections leading to this Congress)
  
  
  
  • United States presidential election, 1984
  
  
  • United States Senate elections, 1984
  
  
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1984
  
  
  
  


• 
  United States elections, 1986 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
  
  
  
  • United States Senate elections, 1986
  
  
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1986
  
  
  
  

See also

• Related articles on a diagram

References

• 
  Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
  


• 
  Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  

External links

• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress


• U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History


• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists


• 
  "Videos of House of Representatives Sessions for the 99th Congress from www.C-SPAN.org".
  


• 
  "Videos of Senate Sessions for the 99th Congress from www.C-SPAN.org".
  


• 
  "Videos of Committees from the House and Senate for the 99th Congress from www.C-SPAN.org".
  


• 
  House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 99th Congress (PDF).
  


• 
  Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 99th Congress.
  


• 
  Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 99th Congress (Revised).
  


• 
  Official Congressional Directory for the 99th Congress.