35th United States Congress



































35th United States Congress


34th ←

→ 36th


The U.S. Capitol under construction, 1860 - NARA - 530494.jpg

United States Capitol (1860)

March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1859
Senate President
John C. Breckinridge (D)
Senate Pres. pro tem
James M. Mason (D)
Thomas J. Rusk (D)
Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D)
House Speaker
James L. Orr (D)
Members
66 senators
237 representatives
7 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority
Democratic
House Majority
Democratic
Sessions

Special: March 4, 1857 – March 14, 1857
1st: December 7, 1857 – June 14, 1858
Special: June 15, 1858 – June 16, 1858
2nd: December 6, 1858 – March 3, 1859

The Thirty-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1857, to March 4, 1859, during the first two years of James Buchanan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Seventh Census of the United States in 1850. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.





Contents






  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Treaties


  • 4 States admitted


  • 5 Party summary


    • 5.1 Senate


    • 5.2 House of Representatives




  • 6 Leadership


    • 6.1 Senate


    • 6.2 House of Representatives




  • 7 Members


    • 7.1 Senate


      • 7.1.1 Alabama


      • 7.1.2 Arkansas


      • 7.1.3 California


      • 7.1.4 Connecticut


      • 7.1.5 Delaware


      • 7.1.6 Florida


      • 7.1.7 Georgia


      • 7.1.8 Illinois


      • 7.1.9 Indiana


      • 7.1.10 Iowa


      • 7.1.11 Kentucky


      • 7.1.12 Louisiana


      • 7.1.13 Maine


      • 7.1.14 Maryland


      • 7.1.15 Massachusetts


      • 7.1.16 Michigan


      • 7.1.17 Minnesota


      • 7.1.18 Mississippi


      • 7.1.19 Missouri


      • 7.1.20 New Hampshire


      • 7.1.21 New Jersey


      • 7.1.22 New York


      • 7.1.23 North Carolina


      • 7.1.24 Ohio


      • 7.1.25 Oregon


      • 7.1.26 Pennsylvania


      • 7.1.27 Rhode Island


      • 7.1.28 South Carolina


      • 7.1.29 Tennessee


      • 7.1.30 Texas


      • 7.1.31 Vermont


      • 7.1.32 Virginia


      • 7.1.33 Wisconsin




    • 7.2 House of Representatives


      • 7.2.1 Alabama


      • 7.2.2 Arkansas


      • 7.2.3 California


      • 7.2.4 Connecticut


      • 7.2.5 Delaware


      • 7.2.6 Florida


      • 7.2.7 Georgia


      • 7.2.8 Illinois


      • 7.2.9 Indiana


      • 7.2.10 Iowa


      • 7.2.11 Kentucky


      • 7.2.12 Louisiana


      • 7.2.13 Maine


      • 7.2.14 Maryland


      • 7.2.15 Massachusetts


      • 7.2.16 Michigan


      • 7.2.17 Minnesota


      • 7.2.18 Mississippi


      • 7.2.19 Missouri


      • 7.2.20 New Hampshire


      • 7.2.21 New Jersey


      • 7.2.22 New York


      • 7.2.23 North Carolina


      • 7.2.24 Ohio


      • 7.2.25 Oregon


      • 7.2.26 Pennsylvania


      • 7.2.27 Rhode Island


      • 7.2.28 South Carolina


      • 7.2.29 Tennessee


      • 7.2.30 Texas


      • 7.2.31 Vermont


      • 7.2.32 Virginia


      • 7.2.33 Wisconsin


      • 7.2.34 Non-voting members






  • 8 Changes in membership


    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives




  • 9 Committees


    • 9.1 Senate


    • 9.2 House of Representatives


    • 9.3 Joint committees




  • 10 Caucuses


  • 11 Employees


    • 11.1 Senate


    • 11.2 House of Representatives




  • 12 See also


  • 13 Notes


  • 14 References


  • 15 External links





Major events




  • Panic of 1857

  • March 4, 1857. James Buchanan became President of the United States

  • March 6, 1857: Dred Scott v. Sandford

  • July 18, 1857: Utah Expedition left Fort Leavenworth, effectively beginning the Utah War

  • August 21, 1858: First of the Lincoln-Douglas debates was held

  • March 3, 1859: Financial appropriations for the improvement and construction of lighthouses.



Major legislation




Treaties




  • March 12, 1858: Treaty with the Ponca signed[1]

  • April 19, 1858: Treaty with the Yankton Sioux signed

  • July 29, 1858: Harris Treaty signed with Japan



States admitted



  • May 11, 1858: Minnesota admitted as the 32nd state

  • February 14, 1859: Oregon admitted as the 33rd state



Party summary



Senate




Group photo of the U.S. Senate, in 1859, during this Congress.


During this congress, two Senate seats were added for each of the new states of Minnesota and Oregon.









































































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

American
(A)

Democratic
(D)

Republican
(R)
Other

End of the previous congress

0

40
(Opposition coalition)

21

0
61
0

Begin

4

37

20

0

61
1
End 42 66 0
Final voting share 7000610000000000000♠6.1% 7001636000000000000♠63.6% 7001303000000000000♠30.3% 5000000000000000000♠0.0%
Beginning of the next congress

2

38

26

0
66
0


House of Representatives


During this congress, two House seats were added for the new state of Minnesota and one House seat was added for the new state of Oregon.








































































Affiliation
Party
(Shading indicates plurality caucus)

Total








American
(A)

Democratic
(D)
Independent
Democratic
(ID)

Republican
(R)
Other
Vacant
End of previous Congress
52
81
0
1

(Opposition coalition)
96
230
4

Begin
14
127
0
92
0
233
1
End
130
1
237
0
Final voting share
5.9%
55.3%
38.8%
0.0%


Beginning of next Congress
6
84
7
113

(Anti-Lecompton
Democratic + Opposition)

25
235
2


Leadership



Senate




President of the Senate
John C. Breckinridge




  • President: John C. Breckinridge (D)


  • President pro tempore: James M. Mason (D), March 4, 1857, only


    • Thomas J. Rusk (D), elected March 14, 1857


    • Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D), elected December 7, 1857





House of Representatives



  • Speaker of the House. James L. Orr (D)


Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.



Senate


Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, facing re-election in 1862; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1858; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1860.












House of Representatives


The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.












Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.



Senate




  • replacements: 5


    • Democrats (D): no net change


    • Whigs (W): no net change


    • Republicans (R): no net change


    • Americans (A): no net change



  • deaths: 4

  • resignations: 1

  • interim appointments: 2

  • seats of newly admitted states: 4

  • Total seats with changes: 9






























































































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Tennessee
(1)
Vacant
Legislature had failed to elect.
Successor elected October 8, 1857.

Andrew Johnson (D)
October 8, 1857

South Carolina
(3)

Andrew Butler (D)
Died May 25, 1857.
Successor elected December 7, 1857.

James H. Hammond (D)
December 7, 1857

New Hampshire
(3)

James Bell (R)
Died May 26, 1857.
Successor elected June 27, 1857.

Daniel Clark (R)
June 27, 1857

Texas
(1)

Thomas J. Rusk (D)
Died July 29, 1857.
Successor appointed November 9, 1857.

J. Pinckney Henderson (D)
November 9, 1857

North Carolina
(3)

Asa Biggs (D)
Resigned May 5, 1858, to become judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of North Carolina.
Successor appointed May 7, 1858.
Appointee elected November 23, 1858.

Thomas L. Clingman (D)
May 7, 1858

South Carolina
(2)

Josiah J. Evans (D)
Died May 6, 1858.
Successor appointed May 11, 1858.

Arthur P. Hayne (D)
May 11, 1858

Minnesota
(1)

New seat
Minnesota admitted to the Union May 11, 1858, and its first Senators were elected that day.

Henry M. Rice (D)
May 11, 1858

Minnesota
(2)

New seat
Minnesota admitted to the Union May 11, 1858, and its first Senators were elected that day.

James Shields (D)
May 11, 1858

Texas
(1)

J. Pinckney Henderson (D)
Died June 4, 1858.
Successor appointed September 27, 1858.

Matthias Ward (D)
September 27, 1858

South Carolina
(2)

Arthur P. Hayne (D)
Interim appointee retired.
Successor elected December 2, 1858.

James Chesnut, Jr. (D)
December 3, 1858

Oregon
(2)

New seat
Oregon admitted to the Union February 14, 1859, and its first Senators were elected that day.

Delazon Smith (D)
February 14, 1859

Oregon
(3)

New seat
Oregon admitted to the Union February 14, 1859, and its first Senators were elected that day.

Joseph Lane (D)
February 14, 1859


House of Representatives




  • replacements: 10


    • Democrats (D): 3 seat net loss


    • Whigs (W): 3 seat net gain


    • Republicans (R): 1 seat net gain


    • Independent Democrats (ID): 1 seat net gain



  • deaths: 5

  • resignations: 6

  • contested election:1

  • seats of newly admitted states: 3

  • Total seats with changes: 14
























































































































District
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Missouri 3rd
Vacant
Rep. James S. Green was elected to this term but resigned after being elected in turn to the US Senate

John B. Clark (D)
Seated December 7, 1857

Indiana 10th

Samuel Brenton (R)
Died March 29, 1857

Charles Case (R)
Seated December 7, 1857

Pennsylvania 12th

John G. Montgomery (D)
Died April 24, 1857

Paul Leidy (D)
Seated December 7, 1857

Indiana 1st

James Lockhart (D)
Died September 7, 1857

William E. Niblack (D)
Seated December 7, 1857

Massachusetts 7th

Nathaniel P. Banks (R)
Resigned December 24, 1857, after being elected Governor of Massachusetts

Daniel W. Gooch (R)
Seated January 31, 1858

North Carolina 8th

Thomas L. Clingman (D)
Resigned May 7, 1858, after being appointed to the US Senate

Zebulon B. Vance (D)
Seated December 7, 1858

Minnesota At-Large

New seat
Minnesota was admitted to the Union May 11, 1858

James M. Cavanaugh (D)
Seated May 11, 1858

Minnesota Territory At-Large

William W. Kingsbury (D)
Minnesota was admitted to the Union May 11, 1858
Seat eliminated

Minnesota At-Large

New seat
Minnesota was admitted to the Union May 11, 1858

William W. Phelps (D)
Seated May 11, 1858

Ohio 3rd

Lewis D. Campbell (R)
Lost contested election May 25, 1858

Clement Vallandigham (D)
Seated May 25, 1858

Mississippi 5th

John A. Quitman (D)
Died July 17, 1858

John J. McRae (D)
Seated December 7, 1858

Pennsylvania 8th

J. Glancy Jones (D)
Resigned October 30, 1858

William H. Keim (R)
Seated December 7, 1858

Illinois 6th

Thomas L. Harris (D)
Died November 24, 1858

Charles D. Hodges (D)
Seated January 4, 1859

New York 4th

John Kelly (D)
Resigned December 25, 1858

Thomas J. Barr (D)
Seated January 7, 1859

Oregon Territory At-Large

Joseph Lane (D)
Oregon was admitted to the Union February 14, 1859
Seat eliminated

Oregon At-Large

New seat
Oregon was admitted to the Union February 14, 1859

La Fayette Grover (D)
Seated February 14, 1859


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders.



Senate



  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate


  • Banks of the District of Columbia (Select)

  • Claims

  • Commerce


  • Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)

  • District of Columbia

  • Finance

  • Foreign Relations


  • French Spoilations (Select)

  • Indian Affairs

  • Judiciary

  • Military Affairs


  • Military Asylum near Washington, D.C. (Select)

  • Militia

  • Naval Affairs


  • Ordnance and War Ships (Select)


  • Pacific Railroad (Select)

  • Patents and the Patent Office

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Printing

  • Private Land Claims

  • Public Lands

  • Retrenchment

  • Revolutionary Claims


  • Tariff Regulation (Select)

  • Territories

  • Whole



House of Representatives



  • Accounts

  • Agriculture

  • Claims

  • Commerce

  • District of Columbia

  • Elections

  • Engraving

  • Expenditures in the Navy Department

  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department

  • Expenditures in the State Department

  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department

  • Expenditures in the War Department

  • Expenditures on Public Buildings

  • Foreign Affairs

  • Indian Affairs

  • Invalid Pensions

  • Manufactures

  • Mileage

  • Military Affairs

  • Militia

  • Naval Affairs

  • Patents

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Expenditures

  • Public Lands

  • Revisal and Unfinished Business

  • Revolutionary Claims

  • Roads and Canals


  • Rules (Select)

  • Standards of Official Conduct

  • Territories

  • Ways and Means

  • Whole



Joint committees


  • Enrolled Bills


Caucuses




  • Democratic (House)


  • Democratic (Senate)



Employees




  • Architect of the Capitol. Thomas U. Walter


  • Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan



Senate




  • Chaplain: none elected[note 2][2]


  • Secretary. Asbury Dickens elected December 12, 1836


  • Sergeant at Arms. Dunning R. McNair



House of Representatives




  • Chaplain. William H. Milburn (Methodist)


  • Clerk: James C. Allen


  • Doorkeeper: Robert B. Hackney


  • Messenger: Thaddeus Morrice


  • Sergeant at Arms: Adam J. Glossbrenner


  • Postmaster: Michael W. Cluskey


  • Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]



See also




  • United States elections, 1856 (elections leading to this Congress)

    • United States presidential election, 1856

    • United States Senate elections, 1856 and 1857

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1856




  • United States elections, 1858 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)

    • United States Senate elections, 1858 and 1859

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1858 and 1859





Notes





  1. ^ abcd United States Representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.


  2. ^ The 35th Congress discontinued the custom of electing a Senate chaplain, choosing instead to invite the clergy of the District of Columbia to take turns opening the daily sessions with prayer.




References


Specific citations




  1. ^ Charles J. Kappler, ed. (1904). "Treaty with the Ponca, 1858". Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office. Retrieved 2013-11-09. The Ponca tribe of Indians hereby cede and relinquish to the United States all the lands now owned or claimed by them, wherever situate, except the tract bounded as follows, viz: Beginning at a point on the Neobrara River and running due north, so as to intersect the Ponca River 25 miles from its mouth; thence from said point of intersection, up and along the Ponca River, twenty — miles; thence due south to the Neobrara River; and thence down and along said river to the place of beginning....mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "Senate Chaplain". Art and History. U.S. Senate. Retrieved 2013-11-09. The 35th Congress (1857-1859) discontinued the custom of electing a Senate chaplain, and extended an invitation to the clergy of the District of Columbia to alternate in opening the daily sessions with prayer. The 36th Congress returned to the former practice.



General references

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  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.




External links



  • Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

  • Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists


  • Congressional Directory for the 35th Congress, 1st Session.









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