62nd United States Congress



































62nd United States Congress


61st ←

→ 63rd


USCapitol1906.jpg

United States Capitol (1906)

March 4, 1911 – March 4, 1913
Senate President
James S. Sherman (R)
until October 30, 1912
Vacant
from October 30, 1912
Senate Pres. pro tem
Augustus O. Bacon (D)
Charles Curtis (R)
Jacob H. Gallinger (R)
Frank B. Brandegee (R)
Henry Cabot Lodge (R)
House Speaker
Champ Clark (D)
Members
96 senators
394 representatives
7 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority
Republican
House Majority
Democratic
Sessions

1st: April 4, 1911 – August 22, 1911
2nd: December 4, 1911 – August 26, 1912
3rd: December 2, 1912 – March 3, 1913

The Sixty-second United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1911, to March 4, 1913, during the third and fourth years of William H. Taft's presidency.


The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twelfth Census of the United States in 1900. Additional House seats were assigned to the two new states of New Mexico and Arizona. The size of the House was to be 435 starting with the new Congress coming into session in 1913. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.





Contents






  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Constitutional amendments


  • 4 States admitted and territories created


  • 5 Party summary


    • 5.1 Senate


    • 5.2 House of Representatives




  • 6 Leaders


    • 6.1 Senate


    • 6.2 House of Representatives


      • 6.2.1 Majority (Democratic) leadership


      • 6.2.2 Minority (Republican) leadership






  • 7 Members


    • 7.1 Senate


      • 7.1.1 Alabama


      • 7.1.2 Arizona


      • 7.1.3 Arkansas


      • 7.1.4 California


      • 7.1.5 Colorado


      • 7.1.6 Connecticut


      • 7.1.7 Delaware


      • 7.1.8 Florida


      • 7.1.9 Georgia


      • 7.1.10 Idaho


      • 7.1.11 Illinois


      • 7.1.12 Indiana


      • 7.1.13 Iowa


      • 7.1.14 Kansas


      • 7.1.15 Kentucky


      • 7.1.16 Louisiana


      • 7.1.17 Maine


      • 7.1.18 Maryland


      • 7.1.19 Massachusetts


      • 7.1.20 Michigan


      • 7.1.21 Minnesota


      • 7.1.22 Mississippi


      • 7.1.23 Missouri


      • 7.1.24 Montana


      • 7.1.25 Nebraska


      • 7.1.26 Nevada


      • 7.1.27 New Hampshire


      • 7.1.28 New Jersey


      • 7.1.29 New Mexico


      • 7.1.30 New York


      • 7.1.31 North Carolina


      • 7.1.32 North Dakota


      • 7.1.33 Ohio


      • 7.1.34 Oklahoma


      • 7.1.35 Oregon


      • 7.1.36 Pennsylvania


      • 7.1.37 Rhode Island


      • 7.1.38 South Carolina


      • 7.1.39 South Dakota


      • 7.1.40 Tennessee


      • 7.1.41 Texas


      • 7.1.42 Utah


      • 7.1.43 Vermont


      • 7.1.44 Virginia


      • 7.1.45 Washington


      • 7.1.46 West Virginia


      • 7.1.47 Wisconsin


      • 7.1.48 Wyoming




    • 7.2 House of Representatives


      • 7.2.1 Alabama


      • 7.2.2 Arizona


      • 7.2.3 Arkansas


      • 7.2.4 California


      • 7.2.5 Colorado


      • 7.2.6 Connecticut


      • 7.2.7 Delaware


      • 7.2.8 Florida


      • 7.2.9 Georgia


      • 7.2.10 Idaho


      • 7.2.11 Illinois


      • 7.2.12 Indiana


      • 7.2.13 Iowa


      • 7.2.14 Kansas


      • 7.2.15 Kentucky


      • 7.2.16 Louisiana


      • 7.2.17 Maine


      • 7.2.18 Maryland


      • 7.2.19 Massachusetts


      • 7.2.20 Michigan


      • 7.2.21 Minnesota


      • 7.2.22 Mississippi


      • 7.2.23 Missouri


      • 7.2.24 Montana


      • 7.2.25 Nebraska


      • 7.2.26 Nevada


      • 7.2.27 New Hampshire


      • 7.2.28 New Jersey


      • 7.2.29 New Mexico


      • 7.2.30 New York


      • 7.2.31 North Carolina


      • 7.2.32 North Dakota


      • 7.2.33 Ohio


      • 7.2.34 Oklahoma


      • 7.2.35 Oregon


      • 7.2.36 Pennsylvania


      • 7.2.37 Rhode Island


      • 7.2.38 South Carolina


      • 7.2.39 South Dakota


      • 7.2.40 Tennessee


      • 7.2.41 Texas


      • 7.2.42 Utah


      • 7.2.43 Vermont


      • 7.2.44 Virginia


      • 7.2.45 Washington


      • 7.2.46 West Virginia


      • 7.2.47 Wisconsin


      • 7.2.48 Wyoming


      • 7.2.49 Non-voting members






  • 8 Changes in membership


    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives




  • 9 Committees


    • 9.1 Senate


    • 9.2 House of Representatives


    • 9.3 Joint committees




  • 10 Caucuses


  • 11 Employees


    • 11.1 Senate


    • 11.2 House of Representatives




  • 12 See also


  • 13 Notes


  • 14 References





Major events




  • April 27, 1911: Following the resignation and death of William P. Frye, a compromise is reached to rotate the office of President pro tempore of the United States Senate.

  • April 30, 1911: Great Fire of 1911

  • May 15, 1911: The Supreme Court declared Standard Oil to be an "unreasonable" monopoly under the Sherman Antitrust Act and ordered the company to be dissolved.

  • April 15, 1912: The RMS Titanic sank.

  • June 5, 1912: U.S. Marines landed in Cuba.

  • June 18, 1912: The Republican National Convention nominated incumbent President William Taft in Chicago, defeating a challenge by former President Theodore Roosevelt, whose delegates bolted the convention.

  • June 25, 1912: The Democratic National Convention nominated New Jersey Gov. Woodrow Wilson in Baltimore.

  • August 5, 1912: Dissident Republicans formed the Progressive or Bull Moose Party, and nominated former President Theodore Roosevelt as their presidential candidate.

  • October 30, 1912: Vice President James S. Sherman died.

  • November 5, 1912: U.S. presidential election, 1912: Woodrow Wilson (D) beat incumbent William Howard Taft (R) and Theodore Roosevelt (P).



Major legislation




  • August 8, 1911: Public Law 62-5, Pub.L. 62–5 (set House of Representatives size at 435 members)

  • August 24, 1912: Lloyd–La Follette Act, ch. 389, §6, 37 Stat. 539

  • February 13, 1913: Carlin Act

  • March 1, 1913: Webb–Kenyon Act

  • March 1, 1913: Railway Evaluation Act

  • March 3, 1913: Publicity In Taking Evidence Act

  • March 3, 1913: Virus-Serum-Toxin Act

  • March 3, 1913: Gould Amendment

  • March 4, 1913: Arlington Memorial Amphitheater Act

  • March 4, 1913: Road and Trails Fund Act

  • March 4, 1913: Burnett Act

  • March 4, 1913: Weeks–McLean Act

  • March 4, 1913: Federal Revenue Sharing Act

  • March 4, 1913: Rivers and Harbors Act of 1913

  • March 4, 1913: Burnt Timber Act

  • March 4, 1913: Labor Department Act, 37 Stat. 736



Constitutional amendments



  • May 13, 1912: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution establishing the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification
    • Amendment was later ratified on April 8, 1913, becoming the seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution


  • February 3, 1913: Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states (then 36) to become part of the Constitution



States admitted and territories created



  • January 6, 1912: New Mexico admitted to the Union.

  • February 14, 1912: Arizona admitted to the Union

  • August 24, 1912: Alaska Territory created.




Map showing Senate party membership at the start of the 62nd Congress. Red states are represented by two Republicans, blue by two Democrats, and purple by one of each.



Party summary



Senate






































































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Progressive
(P)

Republican
(R)
End of the previous congress

32

0

59
91
1

Begin

40

0

50

90
2
End 45 95 1
Final voting share 7001474000000000000♠47.4% 5000000000000000000♠0.0% 7001526000000000000♠52.6%
Beginning of the next congress

49

1

42
92
4


House of Representatives




  • Democratic (D): 230 (majority)


  • Republican (R): 162


  • Socialist (S): 1


  • Independent (I): 1


TOTAL members: 394



Leaders



Senate




President of the Senate
James S. Sherman




  • President: James S. Sherman, until October 30, 1912; thereafter vacant


  • Presidents pro tempore: William P. Frye (R), until April 27, 1911.
    • For the remainder of this Congress, the office rotated among five Senators. The Senate at that time was split between progressive Republicans, conservative Republicans, and Democrats. Each put forth a candidate, and the ballots were deadlocked until August 1911 when a compromise was reached. Democrat Augustus Bacon served for one day on August 14, 1911, and thereafter he and four Republicans rotated holding the seat for the remainder of the Congress. These Republicans were: Charles Curtis, Jacob H. Gallinger, Frank B. Brandegee, and Henry Cabot Lodge.



  • Republican Conference Chairman: Shelby Moore Cullom


  • Democratic Caucus Chair: Thomas S. Martin


  • Republican Conference Secretary: Charles Curtis


  • Democratic Caucus Secretary: William E. Chilton



House of Representatives



  • Speaker: Champ Clark (D)


Majority (Democratic) leadership




  • Majority Leader: Oscar Underwood


  • Majority Whip: vacant


  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: Albert S. Burleson


  • Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: James Tilghman Lloyd



Minority (Republican) leadership




  • Minority Leader: James R. Mann


  • Minority Whip: John W. Dwight


  • Republican Conference Chair: Frank Dunklee Currier



Members


Skip to House of Representatives, below


Senate


At this time, most Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. A few senators were elected directly by the residents of the state. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1912; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1914; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1916.











House of Representatives


The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.












Changes in membership



Senate


There were 20 changes: 6 deaths, 2 resignations, 1 invalidated election, 6 appointees replaced by electees, 4 seats added from new states, and 1 seat vacant from the previous Congress. Democrats had a 4-seat net gain, and no other parties had a net change.










































































































































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for vacancy
Subsequent
Date of successor's installation

Arizona
(1)
New seats
Arizona achieved statehood February 14, 1912

Henry F. Ashurst (D)
April 2, 1912[1]

Arizona
(3)

Marcus A. Smith (D)

New Mexico
(1)
New Mexico achieved statehood January 6, 1912

Thomas B. Catron (R)

New Mexico
(2)

Albert B. Fall (R)

Colorado
(3)
Vacant
Sen. Charles J. Hughes, Jr. died January 11, 1911, before the end of the previous Congress. Winner was elected to finish term ending March 4, 1915.

Charles S. Thomas (D)
January 15, 1913

Iowa
(2)

Lafayette Young (R)
Appointment expired April 11, 1911, upon successor's special election to finish term ending March 4, 1913.

William S. Kenyon (R)
April 12, 1911

Georgia
(3)

Joseph M. Terrell (D)
Resigned July 14, 1911, due to health reasons.
Successor was elected.

Hoke Smith (D)
November 16, 1911

Maine
(2)

William P. Frye (R)
Died August 8, 1911.
Successor was appointed September 23, 1911, and subsequently elected April 2, 1912.

Obadiah Gardner (D)
September 23, 1911

Tennessee
(2)

Robert Love Taylor (D)
Died March 31, 1912.
Successor was appointed to continue the term.

Newell Sanders (R)
April 11, 1912

Nevada
(1)

George S. Nixon (R)
Died June 5, 1912.
Successor was appointed to continue the term.

William A. Massey (R)
July 1, 1912

Illinois
(3)

William Lorimer (R)
Senate invalidated election July 13, 1912.
Vacant until next Congress

Idaho
(3)

Weldon B. Heyburn (R)
Died October 17, 1912.
Successor was appointed to continue the term.

Kirtland I. Perky (D)
November 18, 1912

Maryland
(1)

Isidor Rayner (D)
Died November 25, 1912.
Successor was appointed.

William P. Jackson (R)
November 29, 1912

Arkansas
(2)

Jeff Davis (D)
Died January 3, 1913.
Successor was appointed to continue the term.

John N. Heiskell (D)
January 6, 1913

Texas
(2)

Joseph W. Bailey (D)
Resigned January 3, 1913, due to investigations brought to light suspicious income and financial ties to the oil industry.
Successor was appointed to continue the therm.

Rienzi Melville Johnston (D)
January 29, 1913

Tennessee
(2)

Newell Sanders (R)
Appointment expired January 24, 1913, upon successor's special election to finish term ending March 4, 1913.

William R. Webb (D)
January 24, 1913

Nevada
(1)

William A. Massey (R)
Appointment expired January 29, 1913, upon successor's special election.

Key Pittman (D)
January 29, 1913

Arkansas
(2)

John N. Heiskell (D)
Appointment expired January 29, 1913, upon successor's special election to finish term ending March 4, 1913.

William M. Kavanaugh (D)

Texas
(2)

Rienzi M. Johnston (D)

Morris Sheppard (D)

Idaho
(3)

Kirtland I. Perky (D)
Appointment expired February 5, 1913, upon successor's special election.

James H. Brady (R)
February 6, 1913



House of Representatives


Sorted Chronologically by date of vacancy


House vacancies are only filled by elections. State laws regulate when (and if) there will be special elections.










































































































































































































































District
Previous
Reason for change
Subsequent
Date of successor's installation

Iowa 9th

Walter I. Smith (R)
Resigned March 15, 1911, after being appointed judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.

William R. Green (R)
June 5, 1911

Kansas 2nd

Alexander C. Mitchell (R)
Died July 7, 1911.

Joseph Taggart (D)
November 7, 1911

Pennsylvania 14th

George W. Kipp (D)
Died July 24, 1911.

William D.B. Ainey (R)
November 7, 1911

Tennessee 10th

George W. Gordon (D)
Died August 9, 1911.

Kenneth McKellar (D)
December 4, 1911

New Jersey 1st

Henry C. Loudenslager (R)
Died August 12, 1911.

William J. Browning (R)
November 7, 1911

Nebraska 3rd

James P. Latta (D)
Died September 11, 1911.

Dan V. Stephens (D)
November 7, 1911

Kansas 7th

Edmond H. Madison (R)
Died September 18, 1911.

George A. Neeley (D)
January 9, 1912

New Mexico Territory At-Large

William Henry Andrews (R)
New State January 6, 1912.
seat eliminated


New Mexico At-large
New seat
New State January 6, 1912.

Harvey B. Fergusson (D)
January 8, 1912

New Mexico At-large
New seat
New State January 6, 1912.

George Curry (R)
January 8, 1912

Arizona Territory At-large

Ralph H. Cameron (R)
New State February 14, 1912.
seat eliminated


Arizona At-large
New seat
New State February 14, 1912.

Carl Hayden (D)
February 19, 1912[2]

Vermont 1st

David J. Foster (R)
Died March 21, 1912

Frank L. Greene (R)
July 30, 1912

Pennsylvania 1st

Henry H. Bingham (R)
Died March 22, 1912.

William S. Vare (R)
May 24, 1912

Iowa 11th

Elbert H. Hubbard (R)
Died June 4, 1912.

George Cromwell Scott (R)
November 5, 1912

Louisiana 6th

Robert Charles Wickliffe (D)
Died June 11, 1912.

Lewis Lovering Morgan (D)
November 5, 1912

New York 26th

George R. Malby (R)
Died July 5, 1912.

Edwin A. Merritt (R)
November 5, 1912

Missouri 11th

Theron Ephron Catlin (R)
Lost contested election August 12, 1912.

Patrick F. Gill (D)
August 12, 1912

New Jersey 6th

William Hughes (D)
Resigned September 27, 1912, after being appointed to the Passaic County Court of Common Pleas.

Archibald C. Hart (D)
November 5, 1912

Ohio 13th

Carl C. Anderson (D)
Died October 1, 1912.
Seat remained vacant until next Congress


New York 21st

Richard E. Connell (D)
Died October 30, 1912.
Seat remained vacant until next Congress


Rhode Island 2nd

George H. Utter (R)
Died November 3, 1912.
Seat remained vacant until next Congress


Pennsylvania 11th

Charles C. Bowman (R)
Seat declared vacant December 12, 1912.
Seat remained vacant until next Congress


Pennsylvania 16th

John G. McHenry (D)
Died December 27, 1912.
Seat remained vacant until next Congress


New York 10th

William Sulzer (D)
Resigned December 31, 1912, after being elected Governor of New York.
Seat remained vacant until next Congress


Michigan 2nd

William Wedemeyer (R)
Died January 2, 1913.
Seat remained vacant until next Congress


North Dakota 1st

Louis B. Hanna (R)
Resigned January 7, 1913, after being elected Governor of North Dakota
Seat remained vacant until next Congress


Ohio 3rd

James M. Cox (D)
Resigned January 12, 1913, after being elected Governor of Ohio
Seat remained vacant until next Congress


Arkansas 6th

Joseph Taylor Robinson (D)
Resigned January 14, 1913, after being elected Governor of Arkansas

Samuel M. Taylor (D)
January 15, 1913

California 8th

Sylvester C. Smith (R)
Died January 26, 1913.
Seat remained vacant until next Congress


South Carolina 1st

George S. Legare (D)
Died January 31, 1913.
Seat remained vacant until next Congress


Texas 1st

J. Morris Sheppard (D)
Resigned February 3, 1913, after being elected to the U.S. Senate
Seat remained vacant until next Congress




Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (6 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.



Senate




  • Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select)

  • Agriculture and Forestry

  • Appropriations

  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate

  • Canadian Relations

  • Census

  • Civil Service and Retrenchment

  • Claims

  • Coast and Insular Survey

  • Coast Defenses

  • Commerce

  • Conservation of National Resources

  • Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia

  • Cuban Relations

  • Disposition of Useless Papers in the Executive Departments


  • Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)

  • District of Columbia

  • Education and Labor


  • Election of William Lorimer (Select)

  • Engrossed Bills

  • Enrolled Bills


  • Establish a University in the United States (Select)

  • Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service

  • Expenditures in the Department of Agriculture

  • Expenditures in the Department of Commerce and Labor

  • Expenditures in the Interior Department

  • Expenditures in the Department of Justice

  • Expenditures in the Navy Department

  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department

  • Expenditures in the Department of State

  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department

  • Expenditures in the War Department

  • Finance

  • Fisheries

  • Five Civilized Tribes of Indians

  • Foreign Relations

  • Forest Reservations and the Protection of Game

  • Geological Survey

  • Immigration

  • Immigration and Naturalization


  • Impeachment of Robert H. Archibald (Select)

  • Indian Affairs

  • Industrial Expositions

  • Interoceanic Canals

  • Interstate Commerce

  • Irrigation and Reclamation

  • Judiciary

  • Library

  • Manufactures

  • Military Affairs

  • Mines and Mining


  • Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select)

  • National Banks

  • Naval Affairs

  • Pacific Islands and Puerto Rico

  • Pacific Railroads

  • Patents

  • Pensions

  • Philippines

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Printing

  • Private Land Claims

  • Privileges and Elections

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Health and National Quarantine

  • Public Lands

  • Railroads

  • Revision of the Laws

  • Revolutionary Claims

  • Rules

  • Standards, Weights and Measures


  • Tariff Regulation (Select)

  • Territories

  • Third Degree Ordeal


  • Transportation and Sale of Meat Products (Select)

  • Transportation Routes to the Seaboard


  • Trespassers upon Indian Lands (Select)

  • Whole

  • Woman Suffrage



House of Representatives



  • Accounts

  • Agriculture

  • Alcoholic Liquor Traffic

  • Appropriations


  • American Sugar Refining Company (Special)

  • Banking and Currency

  • Census

  • Claims

  • Coinage, Weights and Measures

  • Disposition of Executive Papers

  • District of Columbia

  • Education

  • Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress

  • Elections

  • Enrolled Bills

  • Expenditures in the Agriculture Department

  • Expenditures in the Commerce and Labor Departments

  • Expenditures in the Interior Department

  • Expenditures in the Justice Department

  • Expenditures in the Navy Department

  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department

  • Expenditures in the State Department

  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department

  • Expenditures in the War Department

  • Expenditures on Public Buildings

  • Foreign Affairs

  • Immigration and Naturalization

  • Indian Affairs

  • Industrial Arts and Expositions

  • Insular Affairs

  • Interstate and Foreign Commerce

  • Invalid Pensions

  • Irrigation of Arid Lands

  • Labor

  • Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River

  • Merchant Marine and Fisheries

  • Mileage

  • Military Affairs

  • Mines and Mining

  • Naval Affairs

  • Patents

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Lands

  • Railways and Canals

  • Reform in the Civil Service

  • Revision of Laws

  • Rivers and Harbors

  • Rules

  • Standards of Official Conduct

  • Territories

  • War Claims

  • Ways and Means

  • Whole



Joint committees




  • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)

  • Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers

  • Federal Aid in Construction of Post Roads

  • Investigations of Conditions in Alaska

  • Investigate the General Parcel Post

  • Postage on 2nd Class Mail Matter and Compensation for Transportation of Mail

  • Second Class Mail Matter and Compensation for Rail Mail Service



Caucuses




  • Democratic (House)


  • Democratic (Senate)



Employees




  • Architect of the Capitol: Elliott Woods


  • Librarian of Congress: Herbert Putnam


  • Public Printer of the United States: Samuel B. Donnelly



Senate




  • Chaplain: Ulysses G.B. Pierce, Unitarian


  • Secretary: Charles G. Bennett of New York


  • Sergeant at Arms:


    • Daniel M. Ransdell of Indiana


    • E. Livingston Cornelius of Maryland, elected December 10, 1912





House of Representatives




  • Clerk: South Trimble of Kentucky


  • Chaplain: Henry N. Couden, Universalist


  • Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Charles R. Crisp


  • Doorkeeper: Joseph J. Sinnott


  • Reading Clerks: Patrick Joseph Haltigan (starting 1911) (D) and N/A (R)


  • Postmaster: William M. Dunbar


  • Sergeant at Arms:


    • W. Stokes Jackson of Indiana, died June 1912.


    • Charles F. Riddell of Indiana, elected July 18, 1912.





See also




  • United States elections, 1910 (elections leading to this Congress)

    • United States Senate elections, 1910 and 1911

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1910




  • United States elections, 1912 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)

    • United States presidential election, 1912

    • United States Senate elections, 1912 and 1913

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1912





Notes





  1. ^ abcde "Senate Now Numbers 96". New York Times. April 3, 1912..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Rice, Ross R (1994). Carl Hayden: Builder of the American West. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. p. 40. ISBN 0-8191-9399-2.




References




  • Gould, Lewis L. (2005). The Most Exclusive Club. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books Group. ISBN 0-465-02778-4.


  • Remini, Robert V. (2006). The House. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-06-088434-7.


  • U.S. Congress (2005). "Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress". Archived from the original on 1 June 2006. Retrieved June 1, 2006.


  • U.S. House of Representatives (2006). "Congressional History". Archived from the original on 1 June 2006. Retrieved June 1, 2006.


  • U.S. Senate (2006). "Statistics and Lists". Archived from the original on 1 June 2006. Retrieved June 1, 2006.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 62nd Congress, 1st Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 62nd Congress, 2nd Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 62nd Congress, 2nd Session (1st Revision).


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 62nd Congress, 2nd Session (2nd Revision).


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 62nd Congress, 3rd Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 62nd Congress, 3rd Session (Revision).









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