42nd United States Congress
42nd United States Congress | |
---|---|
41st ← → 43rd | |
United States Capitol (1877) | |
March 4, 1871 – March 4, 1873 | |
Senate President | Schuyler Colfax (R) |
Senate Pres. pro tem | Henry B. Anthony (R) |
House Speaker | James G. Blaine (R) |
Members | 74 senators 243 representatives 10 non-voting delegates |
Senate Majority | Republican |
House Majority | Republican |
Sessions | |
1st: March 4, 1871 – April 20, 1871 2nd: December 4, 1871 – June 10, 1872 3rd: December 2, 1872 – March 4, 1873 |
The Forty-second United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1871, to March 4, 1873, during the third and fourth years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eighth Census of the United States in 1860. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
Contents
1 Major events
2 Major legislation
3 Party summary
3.1 Senate
3.2 House of Representatives
4 Leadership
4.1 Senate
4.2 House of Representatives
5 Members
5.1 Senate
5.1.1 Alabama
5.1.2 Arkansas
5.1.3 California
5.1.4 Connecticut
5.1.5 Delaware
5.1.6 Florida
5.1.7 Georgia
5.1.8 Illinois
5.1.9 Indiana
5.1.10 Iowa
5.1.11 Kansas
5.1.12 Kentucky
5.1.13 Louisiana
5.1.14 Maine
5.1.15 Maryland
5.1.16 Massachusetts
5.1.17 Michigan
5.1.18 Minnesota
5.1.19 Mississippi
5.1.20 Missouri
5.1.21 Nebraska
5.1.22 Nevada
5.1.23 New Hampshire
5.1.24 New Jersey
5.1.25 New York
5.1.26 North Carolina
5.1.27 Ohio
5.1.28 Oregon
5.1.29 Pennsylvania
5.1.30 Rhode Island
5.1.31 South Carolina
5.1.32 Tennessee
5.1.33 Texas
5.1.34 Vermont
5.1.35 Virginia
5.1.36 West Virginia
5.1.37 Wisconsin
5.2 House of Representatives
5.2.1 Alabama
5.2.2 Arkansas
5.2.3 California
5.2.4 Connecticut
5.2.5 Delaware
5.2.6 Florida
5.2.7 Georgia
5.2.8 Illinois
5.2.9 Indiana
5.2.10 Iowa
5.2.11 Kansas
5.2.12 Kentucky
5.2.13 Louisiana
5.2.14 Maine
5.2.15 Maryland
5.2.16 Massachusetts
5.2.17 Michigan
5.2.18 Minnesota
5.2.19 Mississippi
5.2.20 Missouri
5.2.21 Nebraska
5.2.22 Nevada
5.2.23 New Hampshire
5.2.24 New Jersey
5.2.25 New York
5.2.26 North Carolina
5.2.27 Ohio
5.2.28 Oregon
5.2.29 Pennsylvania
5.2.30 Rhode Island
5.2.31 South Carolina
5.2.32 Tennessee
5.2.33 Texas
5.2.34 Vermont
5.2.35 Virginia
5.2.36 West Virginia
5.2.37 Wisconsin
5.2.38 Non-voting members
6 Changes in membership
6.1 Senate
6.2 House of Representatives
7 Committees
7.1 Senate
7.2 House of Representatives
7.3 Joint committees
8 Caucuses
9 Employees
9.1 Senate
9.2 House of Representatives
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Major events
- June 10, 1871: U.S. Marines make naval attack on the Han River forts in Korea
- March 1, 1872: Yellowstone National Park was established as the world's first national park
- November 5, 1872: United States presidential election, 1872
Major legislation
- April 20, 1871: Civil Rights Act of 1871
- March 1, 1872: Yellowstone National Park founded
- May 10, 1872: General Mining Act of 1872
- May 23, 1872: Amnesty Act of 1872
- June 1, 1872: Practice Conformity Act (precursor to the Rules Enabling Act), ch. 255, 17 Stat. 196
- February 12, 1873: Coinage Act of 1873
- March 3, 1873: Timber Culture Act
- March 3, 1873: Comstock Act
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic (D) | Liberal Republican (LR) | Republican (R) | |||
End of the previous congress | 12 | 0 | 62 | 74 | 0 |
Begin | 14 | 1 | 55 | 70 | 4 |
End | 17 | 54 | 72 | 2 | |
Final voting share | 7001236000000000000♠23.6% | 7000140000000099999♠1.4% | 7001750000000000000♠75.0% | ||
Beginning of the next congress | 19 | 3 | 50 | 72 | 2 |
House of Representatives
Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic (D) | Independent Republican (IR) | Liberal Republican (LR) | Republican (R) | Other | |||
End of the previous congress | 67 | 0 | 0 | 169 | (Conservative) 5 | 241 | 2 |
Begin | 93 | 1 | 3 | 144 | 0 | 241 | 2 |
End | 97 | 141 | 242 | 1 | |||
Final voting share | 7001401000000000000♠40.1% | 6999400000000000000♠0.4% | 7000120000000000000♠1.2% | 7001583000000000000♠58.3% | 5000000000000000000♠0.0% | ||
Beginning of the next congress | 91 | 0 | 4 | 189 | 6 (Independent Democratic) | 290 | 2 |
Leadership
Senate
President: Schuyler Colfax (R)
President pro tempore: Henry B. Anthony (R)
House of Representatives
Speaker: James G. Blaine (R)
Republican Conference Chair: Austin Blair
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
- Skip to House of Representatives, below
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1874; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1872.
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House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
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Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- replacements: 0
Democratic: no net change
Republican: no net change
- deaths: 0
- resignations: 2
- contested elections: 0
- Total seats with changes: 4
State (class) | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Virginia (2) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. Previous incumbent re-elected March 15, 1871. | John W. Johnston (D) | March 15, 1871 |
Georgia (2) | Vacant | Foster Blodgett presented credentials as Senator-elect, but the Senate declared him not elected. Successor elected November 14, 1871. | Thomas M. Norwood (D) | November 14, 1871 |
Mississippi (2) | Vacant | Delayed taking seat in order to serve as Governor of Mississippi | James L. Alcorn (R) | December 1, 1871 |
North Carolina (2) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. Successor elected January 30, 1872. | Matt W. Ransom (D) | January 30, 1872 |
Kentucky (3) | Garrett Davis (D) | Died September 22, 1872. Successor appointed September 27, 1872. Appointee was later elected January 21, 1873, to finish the term.[1] | Willis B. Machen (D) | September 27, 1872 |
Louisiana (3) | William P. Kellogg (R) | Resigned November 1, 1872, after being elected Governor of Louisiana | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |
Massachusetts (2) | Henry Wilson (R) | Resigned March 3, 1873, after being elected U.S. Vice President | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |
House of Representatives
- replacements: 11
Democratic: 4 seat net gain
Republican: 4 seat net loss
Liberal Republican: 0 net change
- deaths: 3
- resignations: 6
- contested election: 4
- Total seats with changes: 16
District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
---|---|---|---|---|
District of Columbia At-large | New seat | District of Columbia's At-large district created March 4, 1871, and remained vacant until April 21, 1871 | Norton P. Chipman (R) | April 21, 1871 |
Illinois At-large | Vacant | Rep. John A. Logan resigned at the end of the previous congress after being elected to the US Senate | John L. Beveridge (R) | November 7, 1871 |
Michigan 4th | Vacant | Rep. Thomas W. Ferry resigned at the end of the previous congress after being elected to the US Senate | Wilder D. Foster (R) | December 4, 1871 |
Illinois 6th | Burton C. Cook (R) | Resigned August 26, 1871 | Henry Snapp (R) | December 4, 1871 |
Louisiana 4th | James McCleery (R) | Died November 5, 1871 | Alexander Boarman (LR) | December 3, 1872 |
Massachusetts 9th | William B. Washburn (R) | Resigned December 5, 1871, after being elected Governor of Massachusetts | Alvah Crocker (R) | January 2, 1872 |
Arkansas 3rd | John Edwards (LR) | Lost contested election February 9, 1872 | Thomas Boles (R) | February 9, 1872 |
Massachusetts 7th | George M. Brooks (R) | Resigned May 13, 1872, after becoming judge of probate for Middlesex County | Constantine C. Esty (R) | December 2, 1872 |
Texas 3rd | William T. Clark (R) | Lost contested election May 13, 1872 | Dewitt C. Giddings (D) | December 13, 1872 |
Ohio 1st | Aaron F. Perry (R) | Resigned July 14, 1872 | Ozro J. Dodds (D) | October 9, 1872 |
Georgia 4th | Thomas J. Speer (R) | Died August 18, 1872 | Erasmus W. Beck (D) | December 2, 1872 |
Connecticut 1st | Julius L. Strong (R) | Died September 7, 1872 | Joseph R. Hawley (R) | December 2, 1872 |
Pennsylvania 13th | Ulysses Mercur (R) | Resigned December 2, 1872, after becoming an assoc. justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania | Frank C. Bunnell (R) | December 24, 1872 |
Illinois At-large | John L. Beveridge (R) | Resigned January 4, 1873, after being elected Lieutenant Governor of Illinois | Vacant | Not filled this term |
South Carolina 2nd | Robert C. De Large (R) | Seat declared vacant January 24, 1873, after election was contested by Christopher C. Bowen | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Florida At-large | Josiah T. Walls (R) | Lost contested election January 29, 1873 | Silas L. Niblack (D) | January 29, 1873 |
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (1 link), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
Senate
- Agriculture
- Appropriations
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
- Claims
- Commerce
Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)- District of Columbia
- Education and Labor
Evidence Affecting Certain members of the Senate (Select)- Finance
- Foreign Relations
- Indian Affairs
- Investigation and Retrenchment
- Judiciary
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Mines and Mining
Mississippi River Levee System (Select)- Naval Affairs
Ordnance Stores (Select)
Ordnance and War Ships (Select)
Outrages in Southern States (Select)- Pacific Railroad
- Patents
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Private Land Claims
- Privileges and Elections
- Public Lands
Publication of the Treaty of Washington (Select)
Removal of Political Disabilities (Select)- Retrenchment
- Revision of the Laws
- Revolutionary Claims
Rules (Select)
Sale of Arms to French Agents (Select)
Senator Pomeroy (Select)
Tariff Regulation (Select)- Territories
Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Select)- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts
- Agriculture
- Appropriations
- Banking and Currency
- Claims
- Coinage, Weights and Measures
- Commerce
- District of Columbia
- Education and Labor
- Elections
- Expenditures in the Interior Department
- Expenditures in the Navy Department
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department
- Expenditures in the State Department
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department
- Expenditures in the War Department
- Expenditures on Public Buildings
- Freedmen's Affairs
- Foreign Affairs
- Indian Affairs
- Invalid Pensions
- Manufactures
- Mileage
- Military Affairs
- Militia
- Mines and Mining
- Naval Affairs
- Pacific Railroads
- Patents
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Public Expenditures
- Public Lands
- Railways and Canals
- Revision of Laws
- Revolutionary Claims
Rules (Select)- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)- Enrolled Bills
- Inquire into the Condition of Affairs in the Late Insurrectionary States
Caucuses
Democratic (House)
Democratic (Senate)
Employees
Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford
Senate
Chaplain: John P. Newman (Methodist)
Secretary: George C. Gorham of Massachusetts
Sergeant at Arms: John R. French
House of Representatives
Chaplain: John G. Butler (Presbyterian)
Clerk: Edward McPherson
Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: John M. Barclay
Doorkeeper: Otis S. Buxton
Postmaster: William S. King
Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]
Sergeant at Arms: Nehemiah G. Ordway
See also
United States elections, 1870 (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States Senate elections, 1870 and 1871
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1870
United States elections, 1872 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
- United States presidential election, 1872
- United States Senate elections, 1872 and 1873
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1872
References
^ Byrd & Wolff, p. 112
Byrd, Robert C.; Wolff, Wendy (October 1, 1993). "The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992" (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
Congressional Directory for the 42nd Congress, 1st Session.
Congressional Directory for the 42nd Congress, 2nd Session.
Congressional Directory for the 42nd Congress, 2nd Session (Revision).
Congressional Directory for the 42nd Congress, 3rd Session.
Congressional Directory for the 42nd Congress, 3rd Session (Revision).