42nd United States Congress



































42nd United States Congress


41st ←

→ 43rd


USCapitol1877.jpg

United States Capitol (1877)

March 4, 1871 – March 4, 1873
Senate President
Schuyler Colfax (R)
Senate Pres. pro tem
Henry B. Anthony (R)
House Speaker
James G. Blaine (R)
Members
74 senators
243 representatives
10 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority
Republican
House Majority
Republican
Sessions

1st: March 4, 1871 – April 20, 1871
2nd: December 4, 1871 – June 10, 1872
3rd: December 2, 1872 – March 4, 1873

The Forty-second United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1871, to March 4, 1873, during the third and fourth years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eighth Census of the United States in 1860. Both chambers had a Republican majority.





Contents






  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Party summary


    • 3.1 Senate


    • 3.2 House of Representatives




  • 4 Leadership


    • 4.1 Senate


    • 4.2 House of Representatives




  • 5 Members


    • 5.1 Senate


      • 5.1.1 Alabama


      • 5.1.2 Arkansas


      • 5.1.3 California


      • 5.1.4 Connecticut


      • 5.1.5 Delaware


      • 5.1.6 Florida


      • 5.1.7 Georgia


      • 5.1.8 Illinois


      • 5.1.9 Indiana


      • 5.1.10 Iowa


      • 5.1.11 Kansas


      • 5.1.12 Kentucky


      • 5.1.13 Louisiana


      • 5.1.14 Maine


      • 5.1.15 Maryland


      • 5.1.16 Massachusetts


      • 5.1.17 Michigan


      • 5.1.18 Minnesota


      • 5.1.19 Mississippi


      • 5.1.20 Missouri


      • 5.1.21 Nebraska


      • 5.1.22 Nevada


      • 5.1.23 New Hampshire


      • 5.1.24 New Jersey


      • 5.1.25 New York


      • 5.1.26 North Carolina


      • 5.1.27 Ohio


      • 5.1.28 Oregon


      • 5.1.29 Pennsylvania


      • 5.1.30 Rhode Island


      • 5.1.31 South Carolina


      • 5.1.32 Tennessee


      • 5.1.33 Texas


      • 5.1.34 Vermont


      • 5.1.35 Virginia


      • 5.1.36 West Virginia


      • 5.1.37 Wisconsin




    • 5.2 House of Representatives


      • 5.2.1 Alabama


      • 5.2.2 Arkansas


      • 5.2.3 California


      • 5.2.4 Connecticut


      • 5.2.5 Delaware


      • 5.2.6 Florida


      • 5.2.7 Georgia


      • 5.2.8 Illinois


      • 5.2.9 Indiana


      • 5.2.10 Iowa


      • 5.2.11 Kansas


      • 5.2.12 Kentucky


      • 5.2.13 Louisiana


      • 5.2.14 Maine


      • 5.2.15 Maryland


      • 5.2.16 Massachusetts


      • 5.2.17 Michigan


      • 5.2.18 Minnesota


      • 5.2.19 Mississippi


      • 5.2.20 Missouri


      • 5.2.21 Nebraska


      • 5.2.22 Nevada


      • 5.2.23 New Hampshire


      • 5.2.24 New Jersey


      • 5.2.25 New York


      • 5.2.26 North Carolina


      • 5.2.27 Ohio


      • 5.2.28 Oregon


      • 5.2.29 Pennsylvania


      • 5.2.30 Rhode Island


      • 5.2.31 South Carolina


      • 5.2.32 Tennessee


      • 5.2.33 Texas


      • 5.2.34 Vermont


      • 5.2.35 Virginia


      • 5.2.36 West Virginia


      • 5.2.37 Wisconsin


      • 5.2.38 Non-voting members






  • 6 Changes in membership


    • 6.1 Senate


    • 6.2 House of Representatives




  • 7 Committees


    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives


    • 7.3 Joint committees




  • 8 Caucuses


  • 9 Employees


    • 9.1 Senate


    • 9.2 House of Representatives




  • 10 See also


  • 11 References


  • 12 External links





Major events




  • June 10, 1871: U.S. Marines make naval attack on the Han River forts in Korea

  • March 1, 1872: Yellowstone National Park was established as the world's first national park

  • November 5, 1872: United States presidential election, 1872



Major legislation




  • April 20, 1871: Civil Rights Act of 1871

  • March 1, 1872: Yellowstone National Park founded

  • May 10, 1872: General Mining Act of 1872

  • May 23, 1872: Amnesty Act of 1872

  • June 1, 1872: Practice Conformity Act (precursor to the Rules Enabling Act), ch. 255, 17 Stat. 196

  • February 12, 1873: Coinage Act of 1873

  • March 3, 1873: Timber Culture Act

  • March 3, 1873: Comstock Act



Party summary


The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.



Senate







































































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Liberal
Republican
(LR)

Republican
(R)
End of the previous congress

12

0

62
74
0

Begin

14

1

55

70
4
End 17 54 72 2
Final voting share 7001236000000000000♠23.6% 7000140000000099999♠1.4% 7001750000000000000♠75.0%
Beginning of the next congress

19

3

50
72
2


House of Representatives













































































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Independent
Republican
(IR)

Liberal
Republican
(LR)

Republican
(R)
Other

End of the previous congress

67

0

0

169
(Conservative)

5
241
2

Begin

93

1

3

144

0

241
2
End 97 141 242 1
Final voting share 7001401000000000000♠40.1% 6999400000000000000♠0.4% 7000120000000000000♠1.2% 7001583000000000000♠58.3% 5000000000000000000♠0.0%
Beginning of the next congress

91

0

4

189

6
(Independent
Democratic)
290
2


Leadership




President of the Senate Schuyler Colfax



Senate




  • President: Schuyler Colfax (R)


  • President pro tempore: Henry B. Anthony (R)



House of Representatives




  • Speaker: James G. Blaine (R)


  • Republican Conference Chair: Austin Blair



Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.


Skip to House of Representatives, below


Senate


Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1874; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1872.












House of Representatives


The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.












Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.



Senate



  • replacements: 0


    • Democratic: no net change


    • Republican: no net change



  • deaths: 0

  • resignations: 2

  • contested elections: 0

  • Total seats with changes: 4




























































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Virginia (2)
Vacant
Legislature had failed to elect.
Previous incumbent re-elected March 15, 1871.

John W. Johnston (D)
March 15, 1871

Georgia (2)
Vacant

Foster Blodgett presented credentials as Senator-elect, but the Senate declared him not elected.
Successor elected November 14, 1871.

Thomas M. Norwood (D)
November 14, 1871

Mississippi (2)
Vacant
Delayed taking seat in order to serve as Governor of Mississippi

James L. Alcorn (R)
December 1, 1871

North Carolina (2)
Vacant
Legislature had failed to elect.
Successor elected January 30, 1872.

Matt W. Ransom (D)
January 30, 1872

Kentucky (3)

Garrett Davis (D)
Died September 22, 1872.
Successor appointed September 27, 1872.
Appointee was later elected January 21, 1873, to finish the term.[1]

Willis B. Machen (D)
September 27, 1872

Louisiana (3)

William P. Kellogg (R)
Resigned November 1, 1872, after being elected Governor of Louisiana
Vacant
Not filled this Congress

Massachusetts (2)

Henry Wilson (R)
Resigned March 3, 1873, after being elected U.S. Vice President
Vacant
Not filled this Congress


House of Representatives



  • replacements: 11


    • Democratic: 4 seat net gain


    • Republican: 4 seat net loss


    • Liberal Republican: 0 net change



  • deaths: 3

  • resignations: 6

  • contested election: 4

  • Total seats with changes: 16



























































































































District
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

District of Columbia At-large
New seat
District of Columbia's At-large district created March 4, 1871, and remained vacant until April 21, 1871

Norton P. Chipman (R)
April 21, 1871

Illinois At-large
Vacant
Rep. John A. Logan resigned at the end of the previous congress after being elected to the US Senate

John L. Beveridge (R)
November 7, 1871

Michigan 4th
Vacant
Rep. Thomas W. Ferry resigned at the end of the previous congress after being elected to the US Senate

Wilder D. Foster (R)
December 4, 1871

Illinois 6th

Burton C. Cook (R)
Resigned August 26, 1871

Henry Snapp (R)
December 4, 1871

Louisiana 4th

James McCleery (R)
Died November 5, 1871

Alexander Boarman (LR)
December 3, 1872

Massachusetts 9th

William B. Washburn (R)
Resigned December 5, 1871, after being elected Governor of Massachusetts

Alvah Crocker (R)
January 2, 1872

Arkansas 3rd

John Edwards (LR)
Lost contested election February 9, 1872

Thomas Boles (R)
February 9, 1872

Massachusetts 7th

George M. Brooks (R)
Resigned May 13, 1872, after becoming judge of probate for Middlesex County

Constantine C. Esty (R)
December 2, 1872

Texas 3rd

William T. Clark (R)
Lost contested election May 13, 1872

Dewitt C. Giddings (D)
December 13, 1872

Ohio 1st

Aaron F. Perry (R)
Resigned July 14, 1872

Ozro J. Dodds (D)
October 9, 1872

Georgia 4th

Thomas J. Speer (R)
Died August 18, 1872

Erasmus W. Beck (D)
December 2, 1872

Connecticut 1st

Julius L. Strong (R)
Died September 7, 1872

Joseph R. Hawley (R)
December 2, 1872

Pennsylvania 13th

Ulysses Mercur (R)
Resigned December 2, 1872, after becoming an assoc. justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania

Frank C. Bunnell (R)
December 24, 1872

Illinois At-large

John L. Beveridge (R)
Resigned January 4, 1873, after being elected Lieutenant Governor of Illinois
Vacant
Not filled this term

South Carolina 2nd

Robert C. De Large (R)
Seat declared vacant January 24, 1873, after election was contested by Christopher C. Bowen
Vacant
Not filled this term

Florida At-large

Josiah T. Walls (R)
Lost contested election January 29, 1873

Silas L. Niblack (D)
January 29, 1873


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (1 link), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.



Senate



  • Agriculture

  • Appropriations

  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate

  • Claims

  • Commerce


  • Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)

  • District of Columbia

  • Education and Labor


  • Evidence Affecting Certain members of the Senate (Select)

  • Finance

  • Foreign Relations

  • Indian Affairs

  • Investigation and Retrenchment

  • Judiciary

  • Manufactures

  • Military Affairs

  • Mines and Mining


  • Mississippi River Levee System (Select)

  • Naval Affairs


  • Ordnance Stores (Select)


  • Ordnance and War Ships (Select)


  • Outrages in Southern States (Select)

  • Pacific Railroad

  • Patents

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Private Land Claims

  • Privileges and Elections

  • Public Lands


  • Publication of the Treaty of Washington (Select)


  • Removal of Political Disabilities (Select)

  • Retrenchment

  • Revision of the Laws

  • Revolutionary Claims


  • Rules (Select)


  • Sale of Arms to French Agents (Select)


  • Senator Pomeroy (Select)


  • Tariff Regulation (Select)

  • Territories


  • Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Select)

  • Whole



House of Representatives



  • Accounts

  • Agriculture

  • Appropriations

  • Banking and Currency

  • Claims

  • Coinage, Weights and Measures

  • Commerce

  • District of Columbia

  • Education and Labor

  • Elections

  • Expenditures in the Interior Department

  • Expenditures in the Navy Department

  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department

  • Expenditures in the State Department

  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department

  • Expenditures in the War Department

  • Expenditures on Public Buildings

  • Freedmen's Affairs

  • Foreign Affairs

  • Indian Affairs

  • Invalid Pensions

  • Manufactures

  • Mileage

  • Military Affairs

  • Militia

  • Mines and Mining

  • Naval Affairs

  • Pacific Railroads

  • Patents

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Expenditures

  • Public Lands

  • Railways and Canals

  • Revision of Laws

  • Revolutionary Claims


  • Rules (Select)

  • Standards of Official Conduct

  • Territories

  • Ways and Means

  • Whole



Joint committees




  • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)

  • Enrolled Bills

  • Inquire into the Condition of Affairs in the Late Insurrectionary States



Caucuses




  • Democratic (House)


  • Democratic (Senate)



Employees




  • Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark


  • Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford



Senate




  • Chaplain: John P. Newman (Methodist)


  • Secretary: George C. Gorham of Massachusetts


  • Sergeant at Arms: John R. French



House of Representatives




  • Chaplain: John G. Butler (Presbyterian)


  • Clerk: Edward McPherson


  • Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: John M. Barclay


  • Doorkeeper: Otis S. Buxton


  • Postmaster: William S. King


  • Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]


  • Sergeant at Arms: Nehemiah G. Ordway



See also




  • United States elections, 1870 (elections leading to this Congress)

    • United States Senate elections, 1870 and 1871

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1870




  • United States elections, 1872 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)

    • United States presidential election, 1872

    • United States Senate elections, 1872 and 1873

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1872





References





  1. ^ Byrd & Wolff, p. 112





  • Byrd, Robert C.; Wolff, Wendy (October 1, 1993). "The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992" (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.



External links



  • Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

  • Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists


  • Congressional Directory for the 42nd Congress, 1st Session.


  • Congressional Directory for the 42nd Congress, 2nd Session.


  • Congressional Directory for the 42nd Congress, 2nd Session (Revision).


  • Congressional Directory for the 42nd Congress, 3rd Session.


  • Congressional Directory for the 42nd Congress, 3rd Session (Revision).









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