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12th United States Congress
11th ← → 13th
United States Capitol (1800)
March 4, 1811 – March 4, 1813
Senate President	George Clinton (DR) until April 20, 1812 Vacant from April 20, 1812
Senate Pres. pro tem	William H. Crawford (DR)
House Speaker	Henry Clay (DR)
Members	36 senators 143 representatives 4 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority	Democratic-Republican
House Majority	Democratic-Republican
Sessions
1st: November 4, 1811 – July 6, 1812 2nd: November 2, 1812 – March 3, 1813

The Twelfth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1811, to March 4, 1813, during the third and fourth years of James Madison's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Second Census of the United States in 1800. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

Major events

• November 6, 1811: Battle of Tippecanoe: William Henry Harrison defeated Tecumseh's forces


• December 16, 1811: New Madrid earthquake
  


• April 4, 1812: President Madison enacted a 90-day embargo on trade with the United Kingdom
  


• April 20, 1812: Vice President George Clinton died


• June 18, 1812: War of 1812: United States declared war on Great Britain


• August 16, 1812: War of 1812: Detroit surrendered to the British.


• October 13, 1812: War of 1812: the Battle of Queenston Heights
  


• November 5, 1812: Elections of 1812:
  
  
  
  • 
    United States presidential election, 1812: Incumbent James Madison beat DeWitt Clinton.
  
  
  • United States Senate elections, 1812
  
  
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1812
  
  
  
  

Major legislation

States admitted and territories organized

• April 30, 1812: Louisiana was admitted as a state into the Union. It was formerly known as the Territory of Orleans
  


• June 4, 1812: Missouri Territory was organized. It was formed from the remainder of the Territory of Orleans
  

Senate President
George Clinton

Senate President pro tempore
William H. Crawford

House Speaker
Henry Clay

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

During this congress, two new Senate seats were added for the new state of Louisiana.

House of Representatives

During this congress, one new House seat was added for the new state of Louisiana.

Leadership

Senate

• 
  President: George Clinton (DR), until April 20, 1812; vacant thereafter.


• 
  President pro tempore: William H. Crawford (DR)

House of Representatives

• 
  Speaker: Henry Clay (DR)

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1814; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1816; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1812

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

• replacements: 1
  
  
  
  • 
    Democratic-Republicans: no net change
  
  
  • 
    Federalists: no net change
  
  
  
  


• deaths: 0


• resignations: 4


• interim appointments: 1


• seats of newly admitted states: 2


• vacancies:1


• Total seats with changes: 6

House of Representatives

• replacements: 3
  
  
  
  • 
    Democratic-Republicans: no net change
  
  
  • 
    Federalists: no net change
  
  
  
  


• deaths: 2


• resignations: 5


• contested election: 1


• seats of newly admitted states: 1


• vacancies: 1


• Total seats with changes: 10

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate


• National University


• Whole

House of Representatives

• Accounts


• 
  Apportionment of Representatives (Select)


• 
  Bankruptcy (Select)


• Claims


• Commerce and Manufactures


• District of Columbia


• Elections


• Post Office and Post Roads


• Public Lands


• Revisal and Unfinished Business


• 
  Rules (Select)


• Standards of Official Conduct


• Ways and Means


• Whole

Joint committees

• Enrolled Bills

Employees

• 
  Architect of the Capitol: Benjamin Latrobe
  


• 
  Librarian of Congress: Patrick Magruder
  

Senate

• 
  Chaplain: John Brackenridge (Presbyterian)


• 
  Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
  


• 
  Sergeant at Arms:
  
  
  
  • 
    James Mathers, died
  
  
  • 
    Mountjoy Bayly, elected November 6, 1811
  
  
  
  

House of Representatives

• 
  Chaplain:
  
  
  
  • 
    Nicholas Snethen (Methodist)
  
  
  • 
    Jesse Lee (Methodist), elected November 2, 1812
  
  
  
  


• 
  Clerk: Patrick Magruder
  


• 
  Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
  


• 
  Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]
  


• 
  Sergeant at Arms: Thomas Dunn
  

See also

• 
  United States elections, 1810 (elections leading to this Congress)
  
  
  
  • United States Senate elections, 1810 and 1811
  
  
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1810
  
  
  
  


• 
  United States elections, 1812 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
  
  
  
  • United States presidential election, 1812
  
  
  • United States Senate elections, 1812 and 1813
  
  
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1812
  
  
  
  

References

• 
  Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
  


• 
  Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  

External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875


• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress


• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress


• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress


• U.S. House of Representatives: House History


• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists