20th United States Congress
20th United States Congress | |
---|---|
19th ← → 21st | |
United States Capitol (1827) | |
March 4, 1827 – March 4, 1829 | |
Senate President | John C. Calhoun (J) |
Senate Pres. pro tem | Samuel Smith (J) |
House Speaker | Andrew Stevenson (J) |
Members | 48 senators 213 representatives 3 non-voting delegates |
Senate Majority | Jacksonian |
House Majority | Jacksonian |
Sessions | |
1st: December 3, 1827 – May 26, 1828 2nd: December 1, 1828 – March 3, 1829 |
The Twentieth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1827, to March 4, 1829, during the third and fourth years of John Quincy Adams's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. Both chambers had a Jacksonian majority.
Contents
1 Major events
2 Major legislation
3 Party summary
3.1 Senate
3.2 House of Representatives
4 Leadership
4.1 Senate
4.2 House of Representatives
5 Members
5.1 Senate
5.1.1 Alabama
5.1.2 Connecticut
5.1.3 Delaware
5.1.4 Georgia
5.1.5 Illinois
5.1.6 Indiana
5.1.7 Kentucky
5.1.8 Louisiana
5.1.9 Maine
5.1.10 Maryland
5.1.11 Massachusetts
5.1.12 Mississippi
5.1.13 Missouri
5.1.14 New Hampshire
5.1.15 New Jersey
5.1.16 New York
5.1.17 North Carolina
5.1.18 Ohio
5.1.19 Pennsylvania
5.1.20 Rhode Island
5.1.21 South Carolina
5.1.22 Tennessee
5.1.23 Vermont
5.1.24 Virginia
5.2 House of Representatives
5.2.1 Alabama
5.2.2 Connecticut
5.2.3 Delaware
5.2.4 Georgia
5.2.5 Illinois
5.2.6 Indiana
5.2.7 Kentucky
5.2.8 Louisiana
5.2.9 Maine
5.2.10 Maryland
5.2.11 Massachusetts
5.2.12 Mississippi
5.2.13 Missouri
5.2.14 New Hampshire
5.2.15 New Jersey
5.2.16 New York
5.2.17 North Carolina
5.2.18 Ohio
5.2.19 Pennsylvania
5.2.20 Rhode Island
5.2.21 South Carolina
5.2.22 Tennessee
5.2.23 Vermont
5.2.24 Virginia
5.2.25 Non-voting members
6 Changes in membership
6.1 Senate
6.2 House of Representatives
7 Committees
7.1 Senate
7.2 House of Representatives
7.3 Joint committees
8 Employees
8.1 Senate
8.2 House of Representatives
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Major events
- December 3, 1828: U.S. presidential election, 1828: Challenger Andrew Jackson beat incumbent John Quincy Adams and was elected President of the United States
Major legislation
- May 24, 1828: Tariff of Abominations, ch. 111, 4 Stat. 308
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Adams (A) | Jacksonian (J) | |||
End of the previous congress | 23 | 25 | 48 | 0 |
Begin | 20 | 27 | 47 | 1 |
End | 21 | 48 | 0 | |
Final voting share | 7001438000000000000♠43.8% | 7001563000000000000♠56.3% | ||
Beginning of the next congress | 22 | 26 | 48 | 0 |
House of Representatives
Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adams (A) | Jacksonian (J) | Other | |||
End of the previous congress | 111 | 102 | 0 | 213 | 0 |
Begin | 101 | 111 | 0 | 212 | 1 |
End | 100 | 112 | |||
Final voting share | 7001472000000000000♠47.2% | 7001528000000000000♠52.8% | 5000000000000000000♠0.0% | ||
Beginning of the next congress | 71 (Anti-Jackson) | 136 | 4 (Anti-Masonic) | 211 | 2 |
Leadership
Senate
President: John C. Calhoun (J)
President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (J)
House of Representatives
Speaker: Andrew Stevenson (J)
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class and members of the House are listed by district.
- Skip to House of Representatives, below
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, facing re-election in 1832; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1828; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1830.
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House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
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Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- replacements: 6
Adams (A): no net change
Jacksonian (J): no net change
- deaths: 0
- resignations: 7
- interim appointments: 0
- Total seats with changes: 8
State (class) | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Massachusetts (1) | Vacant | Seat remained vacant because legislature had failed to elect. Winner was elected June 8, 1827. | Daniel Webster (A) | Installed December 17, 1827 |
Ohio (3) | William Henry Harrison (A) | Resigned May 20, 1828, to become U.S. Minister Plenipotentiary to Gran Columbia. A special election was held December 10, 1828. | Jacob Burnet (A) | Installed December 10, 1828 |
Maine (1) | Albion K. Parris (J) | Resigned August 26, 1828, after being appointed to the Maine Supreme Judicial Court. A special election was held January 15, 1829. | John Holmes (A) | Installed January 15, 1829 |
Georgia (2) | Thomas W. Cobb (J) | Resigned before November 7, 1828. A special election was held November 7, 1828. | Oliver H. Prince (J) | Installed November 7, 1828 |
North Carolina (3) | Nathaniel Macon (J) | Resigned November 14, 1828. A special election was held December 15, 1828. | James Iredell Jr. (J) | Installed December 15, 1828 |
New York (1) | Martin Van Buren (J) | Resigned December 20, 1828, to become Governor of New York. A special election was held January 15, 1829. | Charles E. Dudley (J) | Installed January 15, 1829 |
New Jersey (1) | Ephraim Bateman (A) | Resigned January 12, 1829, due to failing health. A special election was held January 30, 1829. | Mahlon Dickerson (J) | Installed January 30, 1829 |
New Jersey (2) | Mahlon Dickerson (J) | Resigned January 30, 1829, after being elected to New Jersey's Class 1 U.S. Senate seat. | Vacant | Not filled in this Congress |
House of Representatives
- replacements: 9
Adams(A): 1-seat net loss
Jacksonian (J): 1-seat net gain
- deaths: 5
- resignations: 9
- contested election: 1
- Total seats with changes: 15
District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Georgia 1st | Edward F. Tattnall (J) | Resigned some time in 1827 before the assembling of Congress | George R. Gilmer (J) | Seated October 1, 1827 |
Delaware At-large | Louis McLane (J) | Resigned some time in 1827 before the assembling of Congress after being elected to the US Senate | Kensey Johns Jr. (A) | Seated October 2, 1827 |
New York 29th | David E. Evans (J) | Resigned May 2, 1827 | Phineas L. Tracy (A) | Seated November 5, 1827 |
Massachusetts 1st | Daniel Webster (A) | Resigned May 30, 1827, to run for the US Senate | Benjamin Gorham (A) | Seated July 23, 1827 |
Ohio 8th | William Wilson (A) | Died June 6, 1827 | William Stanbery (J) | Seated October 9, 1827 |
Maine 1st | William Burleigh (A) | Died July 2, 1827 | Rufus McIntire (J) | Seated September 10, 1827 |
Kentucky 11th | William S. Young (A) | Died September 20, 1827 | John Calhoon (A) | Seated November 5, 1827 |
Kentucky 11th | John Calhoon (A) | Resigned November 7, 1827, to avoid an election dispute | Thomas Chilton (J) | Seated December 22, 1827 |
Georgia 2nd | John Forsyth (J) | Resigned November 7, 1827, after being elected Governor of Georgia | Richard H. Wilde (J) | Seated November 17, 1827 |
Arkansas Territory At-large | Henry W. Conway | Died November 9, 1827 | Ambrose H. Sevier | Seated February 13, 1828 |
New Jersey At-large | George Holcombe (J) | Died January 14, 1828 | James F. Randolph (A) | Seated December 1, 1828 |
New York 5th | Thomas J. Oakley (J) | Resigned May 9, 1828, after being appointed judge of the Superior Court of New York City | Thomas Taber II (J) | Seated November 5, 1828 |
Kentucky 2nd | Thomas Metcalfe (A) | Resigned June 1, 1828, after being elected Governor of Kentucky | John Chambers (A) | Seated December 1, 1828 |
New Jersey At-large | Hedge Thompson (A) | Died July 23, 1828 | Thomas Sinnickson (A) | Seated December 1, 1828 |
Mississippi At-large | William Haile (J) | Resigned September 12, 1828 | Thomas Hinds (J) | Seated October 21, 1828 |
Ohio 6th | William Creighton Jr. (A) | Resigned before December 19, 1828, after being nominated as a judge to district court | Francis S. Muhlenberg (A) | Seated December 19, 1828 |
New York 20th | Silas Wright (J) | Resigned February 16, 1829 | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
- Agriculture
Alabama Land Purchase (Select)- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
- Claims
- Commerce
Debt Imprisonment Abolition (Select)
Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)- District of Columbia
- Finance
- Foreign Relations
French Spoilations (Select)- Indian Affairs
- Judiciary
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Militia
- Naval Affairs
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Private Land Claims
- Public Lands
Revolutionary Officers (Select)
Roads and Canals (Select)
Tariff Regulation (Select)
Vaccination (Select)- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts
- Agriculture
Assault on the President's Secretary (Select)
American Colonization Society (Select)- Claims
- Commerce
- District of Columbia
- Elections
- Ethics
- Expenditures in the Navy Department
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department
- Expenditures in the State Department
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department
- Expenditures in the War Department
- Expenditures on Public Buildings
- Foreign Affairs
- Indian Affairs
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Military Pensions
- Naval Affairs
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Public Expenditures
- Public Lands
- Revisal and Unfinished Business
- Revolutionary Claims
Rules (Select)- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
- Enrolled Bills
- To Prepare a Code of Laws for the District of Columbia
Employees
Architect of the Capitol: Charles Bulfinch
Librarian of Congress: George Watterston
Senate
Chaplain: William Ryland (Methodist)
Secretary: Walter Lowrie
Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly
House of Representatives
Chaplain: Reuben Post (Presbyterian)
Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke
Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch
Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]
Sergeant at Arms: John O. Dunn
See also
United States elections, 1826 (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States Senate elections, 1826 and 1827
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1826
United States elections, 1828 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
- United States presidential election, 1828
- United States Senate elections, 1828 and 1829
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1828
References
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
Congressional Directory for the 1st Session of the 20th Congress.