20th United States Congress



































20th United States Congress


19th ←

→ 21st


USCapitol1827A.gif

United States Capitol (1827)

March 4, 1827 – March 4, 1829
Senate President
John C. Calhoun (J)
Senate Pres. pro tem
Samuel Smith (J)
House Speaker
Andrew Stevenson (J)
Members
48 senators
213 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority
Jacksonian
House Majority
Jacksonian
Sessions

1st: December 3, 1827 – May 26, 1828
2nd: December 1, 1828 – March 3, 1829

The Twentieth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1827, to March 4, 1829, during the third and fourth years of John Quincy Adams's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. Both chambers had a Jacksonian majority.





Contents






  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Party summary


    • 3.1 Senate


    • 3.2 House of Representatives




  • 4 Leadership


    • 4.1 Senate


    • 4.2 House of Representatives




  • 5 Members


    • 5.1 Senate


      • 5.1.1 Alabama


      • 5.1.2 Connecticut


      • 5.1.3 Delaware


      • 5.1.4 Georgia


      • 5.1.5 Illinois


      • 5.1.6 Indiana


      • 5.1.7 Kentucky


      • 5.1.8 Louisiana


      • 5.1.9 Maine


      • 5.1.10 Maryland


      • 5.1.11 Massachusetts


      • 5.1.12 Mississippi


      • 5.1.13 Missouri


      • 5.1.14 New Hampshire


      • 5.1.15 New Jersey


      • 5.1.16 New York


      • 5.1.17 North Carolina


      • 5.1.18 Ohio


      • 5.1.19 Pennsylvania


      • 5.1.20 Rhode Island


      • 5.1.21 South Carolina


      • 5.1.22 Tennessee


      • 5.1.23 Vermont


      • 5.1.24 Virginia




    • 5.2 House of Representatives


      • 5.2.1 Alabama


      • 5.2.2 Connecticut


      • 5.2.3 Delaware


      • 5.2.4 Georgia


      • 5.2.5 Illinois


      • 5.2.6 Indiana


      • 5.2.7 Kentucky


      • 5.2.8 Louisiana


      • 5.2.9 Maine


      • 5.2.10 Maryland


      • 5.2.11 Massachusetts


      • 5.2.12 Mississippi


      • 5.2.13 Missouri


      • 5.2.14 New Hampshire


      • 5.2.15 New Jersey


      • 5.2.16 New York


      • 5.2.17 North Carolina


      • 5.2.18 Ohio


      • 5.2.19 Pennsylvania


      • 5.2.20 Rhode Island


      • 5.2.21 South Carolina


      • 5.2.22 Tennessee


      • 5.2.23 Vermont


      • 5.2.24 Virginia


      • 5.2.25 Non-voting members






  • 6 Changes in membership


    • 6.1 Senate


    • 6.2 House of Representatives




  • 7 Committees


    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives


    • 7.3 Joint committees




  • 8 Employees


    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives




  • 9 See also


  • 10 References


  • 11 External links





Major events



  • December 3, 1828: U.S. presidential election, 1828: Challenger Andrew Jackson beat incumbent John Quincy Adams and was elected President of the United States


Major legislation



  • May 24, 1828: Tariff of Abominations, ch. 111, 4 Stat. 308


Party summary


The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.



Senate



































































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Adams
(A)

Jacksonian
(J)
End of the previous congress

23

25
48
0

Begin

20

27

47
1
End 21 48 0
Final voting share 7001438000000000000♠43.8% 7001563000000000000♠56.3%
Beginning of the next congress

22

26
48
0


House of Representatives





































































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Adams
(A)

Jacksonian
(J)
Other

End of the previous congress

111

102

0
213
0

Begin

101

111

0

212
1
End 100 112
Final voting share 7001472000000000000♠47.2% 7001528000000000000♠52.8% 5000000000000000000♠0.0%
Beginning of the next congress

71
(Anti-Jackson)

136

4
(Anti-Masonic)
211
2


Leadership




President of the Senate
John C. Calhoun



Senate




  • President: John C. Calhoun (J)


  • President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (J)



House of Representatives



  • Speaker: Andrew Stevenson (J)



President pro tempore
Samuel Smith



Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class and members of the House are listed by district.


Skip to House of Representatives, below


Senate


Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, facing re-election in 1832; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1828; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1830.











House of Representatives


The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.












Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.



Senate



  • replacements: 6


    • Adams (A): no net change


    • Jacksonian (J): no net change



  • deaths: 0

  • resignations: 7

  • interim appointments: 0

  • Total seats with changes: 8



































































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Massachusetts
(1)
Vacant
Seat remained vacant because legislature had failed to elect.
Winner was elected June 8, 1827.

Daniel Webster (A)
Installed December 17, 1827

Ohio
(3)

William Henry Harrison (A)
Resigned May 20, 1828, to become U.S. Minister Plenipotentiary to Gran Columbia.
A special election was held December 10, 1828.

Jacob Burnet (A)
Installed December 10, 1828

Maine
(1)

Albion K. Parris (J)
Resigned August 26, 1828, after being appointed to the Maine Supreme Judicial Court.
A special election was held January 15, 1829.

John Holmes (A)
Installed January 15, 1829

Georgia
(2)

Thomas W. Cobb (J)
Resigned before November 7, 1828.
A special election was held November 7, 1828.

Oliver H. Prince (J)
Installed November 7, 1828

North Carolina
(3)

Nathaniel Macon (J)
Resigned November 14, 1828.
A special election was held December 15, 1828.

James Iredell Jr. (J)
Installed December 15, 1828

New York
(1)

Martin Van Buren (J)
Resigned December 20, 1828, to become Governor of New York.
A special election was held January 15, 1829.

Charles E. Dudley (J)
Installed January 15, 1829

New Jersey
(1)

Ephraim Bateman (A)
Resigned January 12, 1829, due to failing health.
A special election was held January 30, 1829.

Mahlon Dickerson (J)
Installed January 30, 1829

New Jersey
(2)

Mahlon Dickerson (J)
Resigned January 30, 1829, after being elected to New Jersey's Class 1 U.S. Senate seat.
Vacant
Not filled in this Congress


House of Representatives



  • replacements: 9


    • Adams(A): 1-seat net loss


    • Jacksonian (J): 1-seat net gain



  • deaths: 5

  • resignations: 9

  • contested election: 1

  • Total seats with changes: 15




































































































































District
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Georgia
1st

Edward F. Tattnall (J)
Resigned some time in 1827 before the assembling of Congress

George R. Gilmer (J)
Seated October 1, 1827

Delaware
At-large

Louis McLane (J)
Resigned some time in 1827 before the assembling of Congress after being elected to the US Senate

Kensey Johns Jr. (A)
Seated October 2, 1827

New York
29th

David E. Evans (J)
Resigned May 2, 1827

Phineas L. Tracy (A)
Seated November 5, 1827

Massachusetts
1st

Daniel Webster (A)
Resigned May 30, 1827, to run for the US Senate

Benjamin Gorham (A)
Seated July 23, 1827

Ohio
8th

William Wilson (A)
Died June 6, 1827

William Stanbery (J)
Seated October 9, 1827

Maine
1st

William Burleigh (A)
Died July 2, 1827

Rufus McIntire (J)
Seated September 10, 1827

Kentucky
11th

William S. Young (A)
Died September 20, 1827

John Calhoon (A)
Seated November 5, 1827

Kentucky
11th

John Calhoon (A)
Resigned November 7, 1827, to avoid an election dispute

Thomas Chilton (J)
Seated December 22, 1827

Georgia
2nd

John Forsyth (J)
Resigned November 7, 1827, after being elected Governor of Georgia

Richard H. Wilde (J)
Seated November 17, 1827

Arkansas Territory
At-large

Henry W. Conway
Died November 9, 1827

Ambrose H. Sevier
Seated February 13, 1828

New Jersey
At-large

George Holcombe (J)
Died January 14, 1828

James F. Randolph (A)
Seated December 1, 1828

New York
5th

Thomas J. Oakley (J)
Resigned May 9, 1828, after being appointed judge of the Superior Court of New York City

Thomas Taber II (J)
Seated November 5, 1828

Kentucky
2nd

Thomas Metcalfe (A)
Resigned June 1, 1828, after being elected Governor of Kentucky

John Chambers (A)
Seated December 1, 1828

New Jersey
At-large

Hedge Thompson (A)
Died July 23, 1828

Thomas Sinnickson (A)
Seated December 1, 1828

Mississippi
At-large

William Haile (J)
Resigned September 12, 1828

Thomas Hinds (J)
Seated October 21, 1828

Ohio
6th

William Creighton Jr. (A)
Resigned before December 19, 1828, after being nominated as a judge to district court

Francis S. Muhlenberg (A)
Seated December 19, 1828

New York
20th

Silas Wright (J)
Resigned February 16, 1829
Vacant
Not filled this Congress


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders.



Senate



  • Agriculture


  • Alabama Land Purchase (Select)

  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate

  • Claims

  • Commerce


  • Debt Imprisonment Abolition (Select)


  • Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)

  • District of Columbia

  • Finance

  • Foreign Relations


  • French Spoilations (Select)

  • Indian Affairs

  • Judiciary

  • Manufactures

  • Military Affairs

  • Militia

  • Naval Affairs

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Private Land Claims

  • Public Lands


  • Revolutionary Officers (Select)


  • Roads and Canals (Select)


  • Tariff Regulation (Select)


  • Vaccination (Select)

  • Whole



House of Representatives



  • Accounts

  • Agriculture


  • Assault on the President's Secretary (Select)


  • American Colonization Society (Select)

  • Claims

  • Commerce

  • District of Columbia

  • Elections

  • Ethics

  • Expenditures in the Navy Department

  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department

  • Expenditures in the State Department

  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department

  • Expenditures in the War Department

  • Expenditures on Public Buildings

  • Foreign Affairs

  • Indian Affairs

  • Manufactures

  • Military Affairs

  • Military Pensions

  • Naval Affairs

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Public Expenditures

  • Public Lands

  • Revisal and Unfinished Business

  • Revolutionary Claims


  • Rules (Select)

  • Standards of Official Conduct

  • Territories

  • Ways and Means

  • Whole



Joint committees



  • Enrolled Bills

  • To Prepare a Code of Laws for the District of Columbia



Employees




  • Architect of the Capitol: Charles Bulfinch


  • Librarian of Congress: George Watterston



Senate




  • Chaplain: William Ryland (Methodist)


  • Secretary: Walter Lowrie


  • Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly



House of Representatives




  • Chaplain: Reuben Post (Presbyterian)


  • Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke


  • Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch


  • Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]


  • Sergeant at Arms: John O. Dunn



See also




  • United States elections, 1826 (elections leading to this Congress)

    • United States Senate elections, 1826 and 1827

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1826




  • United States elections, 1828 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)

    • United States presidential election, 1828

    • United States Senate elections, 1828 and 1829

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1828





References






  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.



External links



  • Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

  • Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists


  • Congressional Directory for the 1st Session of the 20th Congress.









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