43rd United States Congress



































43rd United States Congress


42nd ←

→ 44th


USCapitol1877.jpg

United States Capitol (1869)

March 4, 1873 – March 4, 1875
Senate President
Henry Wilson (R)
Senate Pres. pro tem
Matthew H. Carpenter (R)
Henry B. Anthony (R)
House Speaker
James G. Blaine (R)
Members
74 senators
292 representatives
10 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority
Republican
House Majority
Republican
Sessions

Special: March 4, 1873 – March 26, 1873
1st: December 1, 1873 – June 23, 1874
2nd: December 7, 1874 – March 4, 1875

The Forty-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1873, to March 4, 1875, during the fifth and sixth years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency . The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Ninth Census of the United States in 1870. Both chambers had a Republican majority.





Contents






  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Treaties


  • 4 Party summary


    • 4.1 Senate


    • 4.2 House of Representatives




  • 5 Leadership


    • 5.1 Senate


    • 5.2 House of Representatives




  • 6 Members


    • 6.1 Senate


      • 6.1.1 Alabama


      • 6.1.2 Arkansas


      • 6.1.3 California


      • 6.1.4 Connecticut


      • 6.1.5 Delaware


      • 6.1.6 Florida


      • 6.1.7 Georgia


      • 6.1.8 Illinois


      • 6.1.9 Indiana


      • 6.1.10 Iowa


      • 6.1.11 Kansas


      • 6.1.12 Kentucky


      • 6.1.13 Louisiana


      • 6.1.14 Maine


      • 6.1.15 Maryland


      • 6.1.16 Massachusetts


      • 6.1.17 Michigan


      • 6.1.18 Minnesota


      • 6.1.19 Mississippi


      • 6.1.20 Missouri


      • 6.1.21 Nebraska


      • 6.1.22 Nevada


      • 6.1.23 New Hampshire


      • 6.1.24 New Jersey


      • 6.1.25 New York


      • 6.1.26 North Carolina


      • 6.1.27 Ohio


      • 6.1.28 Oregon


      • 6.1.29 Pennsylvania


      • 6.1.30 Rhode Island


      • 6.1.31 South Carolina


      • 6.1.32 Tennessee


      • 6.1.33 Texas


      • 6.1.34 Vermont


      • 6.1.35 Virginia


      • 6.1.36 West Virginia


      • 6.1.37 Wisconsin




    • 6.2 House of Representatives


      • 6.2.1 Alabama


      • 6.2.2 Arkansas


      • 6.2.3 California


      • 6.2.4 Connecticut


      • 6.2.5 Delaware


      • 6.2.6 Florida


      • 6.2.7 Georgia


      • 6.2.8 Illinois


      • 6.2.9 Indiana


      • 6.2.10 Iowa


      • 6.2.11 Kansas


      • 6.2.12 Kentucky


      • 6.2.13 Louisiana


      • 6.2.14 Maine


      • 6.2.15 Maryland


      • 6.2.16 Massachusetts


      • 6.2.17 Michigan


      • 6.2.18 Minnesota


      • 6.2.19 Mississippi


      • 6.2.20 Missouri


      • 6.2.21 Nebraska


      • 6.2.22 Nevada


      • 6.2.23 New Hampshire


      • 6.2.24 New Jersey


      • 6.2.25 New York


      • 6.2.26 North Carolina


      • 6.2.27 Ohio


      • 6.2.28 Oregon


      • 6.2.29 Pennsylvania


      • 6.2.30 Rhode Island


      • 6.2.31 South Carolina


      • 6.2.32 Tennessee


      • 6.2.33 Texas


      • 6.2.34 Vermont


      • 6.2.35 Virginia


      • 6.2.36 West Virginia


      • 6.2.37 Wisconsin


      • 6.2.38 Non-voting members






  • 7 Changes in membership


    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives




  • 8 Committees


    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives


    • 8.3 Joint committees




  • 9 Caucuses


  • 10 Employees


    • 10.1 Senate


    • 10.2 House of Representatives




  • 11 See also


  • 12 References


  • 13 External links





Major events




  • September 18, 1873: New York stock market crash triggered the Panic of 1873, part of the Long Depression

  • November 4, 1874: United States House of Representatives elections, 1874 -Democrats regained control of the U.S. House of Representatives for the first time since 1860

  • November 25, 1874: United States Greenback Party established as a political party, made primarily of farmers financially hurt by the Panic of 1873



Major legislation




  • June 22, 1874: Revised Statutes of the United States

  • June 23, 1874: Poland Act, 18 Stat. 253

  • January 14, 1875: Specie Payment Resumption Act ch. 15, 18 Stat. 296

  • March 1, 1875: Civil Rights Act of 1875, (Butler-Sumner Act) 18 Stat. 335

  • March 3, 1875: Tariff of 1875

  • March 3, 1875: Page Act of 1875, 18 Stat. 477



Treaties


  • March 18, 1874: Hawaii signed a treaty with the United States granting exclusive trading rights.


Party summary


The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.



Senate




Senators of the 43rd United States Congress











































































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Anti-
Monopoly
(AM)

Liberal
Republican
(LR)

Republican
(R)
End of the previous congress

17

0

1

54
72
2

Begin

19

0

3

50

72
2
End 20 2 51 73 1
Final voting share 7001274000000000000♠27.4% 5000000000000000000♠0.0% 7000270000000000000♠2.7% 7001699000000000000♠69.9%
Beginning of the next congress

28

1

0

43
72
2


House of Representatives


Before this Congress, the 1870 United States Census and resulting reapportionment changed the size of the House to 292 members.
















































































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Independent
Democratic
(ID)

Independent
(I)

Independent
Republican
(IR)

Liberal
Republican
(LR)

Republican
(R)
End of the previous congress

97

0

0

1

3

141
242
1

Begin

91

6

0

0

4

189

290
2
End 95 7 199 305
Final voting share 7001311000000000000♠31.1% 7000230000000099999♠2.3% 5000000000000000000♠0.0% 5000000000000000000♠0.0% 7000130000000000000♠1.3% 7001652000000000000♠65.2%
Beginning of the next congress

177

1

4

3

0

101
286
5


Leadership




President of the Senate
Henry Wilson



Senate




  • President: Henry Wilson (R)


  • President pro tempore: Matthew H. Carpenter (R)

    • Henry B. Anthony (R), elected January 25, 1875.




House of Representatives




  • Speaker: James G. Blaine (R)


  • Republican Conference Chair: Horace Maynard


  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: William E. Niblack



Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.


Skip to House of Representatives, below


Senate


Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1874; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1878.












House of Representatives


The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.












Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.



Senate



  • replacements: 5


    • Democratic: 1 seat net gain


    • Republican: no net change


    • Liberal Republican: 1 seat net loss



  • deaths: 3

  • resignations: 3

  • interim appointments: 1

  • vacancy: 1

  • Total seats with changes: 7




























































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Massachusetts (2)
Vacant

Henry Wilson resigned in previous congress after becoming Vice President of the United States.
Successor elected March 17, 1873.

George S. Boutwell (R)
March 17, 1873

Mississippi (1)

Adelbert Ames (R)
Resigned March 17, 1873, after being elected Governor of Mississippi.
Successor elected February 3, 1874.

Henry R. Pease (R)
February 3, 1874

Kansas (2)

Alexander Caldwell (R)
Resigned March 24, 1873.
Successor appointed November 24, 1873.

Robert Crozier (R)
November 24, 1873

California (1)

Eugene Casserly (D)
Resigned November 29, 1873.
Successor elected December 23, 1873.

John S. Hager (D)
December 23, 1873

Kansas (2)

Robert Crozier (R)
Interim appointee retired when successor elected February 2, 1874.

James M. Harvey (R)
February 2, 1874

Massachusetts (1)

Charles Sumner (LR)
Died March 11, 1874.
Successor elected April 17, 1874.

William B. Washburn (R)
April 17, 1874

Connecticut (1)

William A. Buckingham (R)
Died February 5, 1875.
Successor appointed February 5, 1875, having already been elected to the next tern.

William W. Eaton (D)
February 5, 1875


House of Representatives



  • replacements: 15


    • Democratic: 3 seat net gain


    • Republican: 4 seat net loss


    • Liberal Republican: 1 seat net gain



  • deaths: 8

  • resignations: 5

  • contested election: 4

  • Total seats with changes: 19


















































































































































District
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Louisiana 4th
Vacant
Rep-elect Samuel Peters died before taking seat

George L. Smith (R)
November 24, 1873

Georgia 8th
Vacant
Rep-elect Ambrose R. Wright died before taking seat

Alexander H. Stephens (D)
December 1, 1873

New York 6th

James Brooks (D)
Died April 30, 1873

Samuel S. Cox (D)
November 4, 1873

Massachusetts 3rd

William Whiting (R)
Died June 29, 1873

Henry L. Pierce (R)
December 1, 1873

Oregon At-large

Joseph G. Wilson (R)
Died July 2, 1873

James Nesmith (D)
December 1, 1873

Michigan 5th

Wilder D. Foster (R)
Died September 20, 1873

William B. Williams (R)
December 1, 1873

Virginia 5th

Alexander Davis (D)
Lost contested election March 5, 1874

Christopher Thomas (R)
March 5, 1874

Georgia 1st

Morgan Rawls (D)
Lost contested election March 24, 1874

Andrew Sloan (R)
March 24, 1874

New York 9th

David B. Mellish (R)
Died May 23, 1874

Richard Schell (D)
December 7, 1874

Arkansas 3rd

William W. Wilshire (R)
Lost contested election June 16, 1874

Thomas M. Gunter (D)
June 16, 1874

Ohio 12th

Hugh J. Jewett (D)
Resigned June 23, 1874, after becoming President of the Erie Railroad

William E. Finck (D)
December 7, 1874

New York 3rd

Stewart L. Woodford (R)
Resigned July 1, 1874

Simeon B. Chittenden (IR)
November 3, 1874

South Carolina 3rd

Robert B. Elliott (R)
Resigned November 1, 1874

Lewis C. Carpenter (R)
November 3, 1874

Illinois 1st

John B. Rice (R)
Died December 17, 1874

Bernard G. Caulfield (D)
February 1, 1875

Massachusetts 10th

Alvah Crocker (R)
Died December 26, 1874

Charles A. Stevens (R)
January 27, 1875

Pennsylvania 23rd

Ebenezer McJunkin (R)
Resigned January 1, 1875

John M. Thompson (R)
January 5, 1875

Florida At-large

William J. Purman (R)
Resigned January 25, 1875
Vacant
Not filled this term

Maine 4th

Samuel F. Hersey (R)
Died February 3, 1875
Vacant
Not filled this term

Louisiana 1st

J. Hale Sypher (R)
Lost contested election March 3, 1875

Effingham Lawrence (D)
March 3, 1875


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (1 link), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.



Senate



  • Agriculture

  • Appropriations

  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate

  • Civil Service and Retrenchment

  • Claims

  • Commerce


  • Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)

  • District of Columbia

  • Education and Labor

  • Finance

  • Foreign Relations

  • Indian Affairs

  • Judiciary

  • Manufactures

  • Military Affairs

  • Mines and Mining


  • Mississippi River Levee System (Select)

  • Naval Affairs


  • Ordnance and War Ships (Select)


  • Outrages in Southern States (Select)

  • Pacific Railroad

  • Patents

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Private Land Claims

  • Privileges and Elections

  • Public Lands

  • Railroads


  • Removal of Political Disabilities (Select)

  • Retrenchment

  • Revision of the Laws

  • Revolutionary Claims


  • Rules (Select)


  • Tariff Regulation (Select)

  • Territories


  • Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Select)

  • Whole



House of Representatives



  • Accounts

  • Agriculture

  • Appropriations


  • Alabama Affairs (Select)


  • Arkansas Affairs (Select)

  • Banking and Currency

  • Claims

  • Coinage, Weights and Measures

  • Commerce

  • District of Columbia

  • Education and Labor

  • Elections

  • Expenditures in the Interior Department

  • Expenditures in the Justice Department

  • Expenditures in the Navy Department

  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department

  • Expenditures in the State Department

  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department

  • Expenditures in the War Department

  • Expenditures on Public Buildings

  • Freedmen's Affairs

  • Foreign Affairs

  • Indian Affairs

  • Invalid Pensions

  • Manufactures

  • Mileage

  • Military Affairs

  • Militia

  • Mines and Mining

  • Naval Affairs

  • Pacific Railroads

  • Patents

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Expenditures

  • Public Lands

  • Railways and Canals

  • Revision of Laws


  • Rules (Select)

  • Standards of Official Conduct

  • Territories

  • War Claims

  • Ways and Means

  • Whole



Joint committees




  • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)

  • Enrolled Bills

  • Inquire into the Affairs of the District of Columbia



Caucuses




  • Democratic (House)


  • Democratic (Senate)



Employees




  • Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark


  • Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford



Senate




  • Chaplain: John P. Newman (Methodist)

    • Byron Sunderland (Presbyterian), elected December 8, 1873



  • Secretary: George C. Gorham


  • Sergeant at Arms: John R. French



House of Representatives




  • Chaplain: John G. Butler (Presbyterian)


  • Clerk: Edward McPherson


  • Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: John M. Barclay


  • Doorkeeper: Otis S. Buxton


  • Postmaster: Henry Sherwood


  • Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]


  • Sergeant at Arms: Nehemiah G. Ordway



See also




  • United States elections, 1872 (elections leading to this Congress)

    • United States presidential election, 1872

    • United States Senate elections, 1872 and 1873

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1872




  • United States elections, 1874 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)

    • United States Senate elections, 1874 and 1875

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1874





References






  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.



External links



  • Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

  • Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists


  • Congressional Directory for the 43rd Congress, 1st Session.


  • Congressional Directory for the 43rd Congress, 1st Session (1st Revision).


  • Congressional Directory for the 43rd Congress, 1st Session (2nd Revision).


  • Congressional Directory for the 43rd Congress, 2nd Session.


  • Congressional Directory for the 43rd Congress, 2nd Session (Revision).









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