2nd United States Congress



































2nd United States Congress


1st ←

→ 3rd


Congress Hall exterior.jpg

Congress Hall (2007)

March 4, 1791 – March 4, 1793
Senate President
John Adams (P)
Senate Pres. pro tem
Richard Henry Lee (P)
John Langdon (P)
House Speaker
Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. (P)
Members
26–30 senators
69–73 representatives
Senate Majority
Pro-Administration
House Majority
Pro-Administration
Sessions

Special: March 4, 1791 – March 4, 1791
1st: October 24, 1791 – May 8, 1792
2nd: November 5, 1792 – March 2, 1793 (lame duck)



Modern tour group visiting the House of Representatives chamber at Congress Hall




Senate chamber at Congress Hall


Not to be confused with Second Continental Congress.

The Second United States Congress, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives, met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from March 4, 1791, to March 4, 1793, during the third and fourth years of George Washington's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the provisions of Article I, Section 2, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution. Additional House seats were assigned to the two new states of Vermont and Kentucky. Both chambers had a Pro-Administration majority.





Contents






  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 States admitted


  • 4 Constitutional amendments


  • 5 Party summary


    • 5.1 Senate


    • 5.2 House of Representatives




  • 6 Leadership


    • 6.1 Senate


    • 6.2 House of Representatives




  • 7 Members


    • 7.1 Senate


      • 7.1.1 Connecticut


      • 7.1.2 Delaware


      • 7.1.3 Georgia


      • 7.1.4 Kentucky


      • 7.1.5 Maryland


      • 7.1.6 Massachusetts


      • 7.1.7 New Hampshire


      • 7.1.8 New Jersey


      • 7.1.9 New York


      • 7.1.10 North Carolina


      • 7.1.11 Pennsylvania


      • 7.1.12 Rhode Island


      • 7.1.13 South Carolina


      • 7.1.14 Vermont


      • 7.1.15 Virginia




    • 7.2 House of Representatives


      • 7.2.1 Connecticut


      • 7.2.2 Delaware


      • 7.2.3 Georgia


      • 7.2.4 Kentucky


      • 7.2.5 Maryland


      • 7.2.6 Massachusetts


      • 7.2.7 New Hampshire


      • 7.2.8 New Jersey


      • 7.2.9 New York


      • 7.2.10 North Carolina


      • 7.2.11 Pennsylvania


      • 7.2.12 Rhode Island


      • 7.2.13 South Carolina


      • 7.2.14 Vermont


      • 7.2.15 Virginia






  • 8 Membership changes


    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives




  • 9 Committees


    • 9.1 Senate


    • 9.2 House of Representatives


    • 9.3 Joint committees




  • 10 Employees


    • 10.1 Senate


    • 10.2 House of Representatives




  • 11 See also


  • 12 References


  • 13 External links





Major events


Main articles: 1791 in the United States, 1792 in the United States, and 1793 in the United States


  • April 5, 1792: President Washington used the veto for the first time, vetoing a bill designed to apportion representatives among U.S. states.

  • April–May, 1792: the House conducted the government's first investigative hearings, examining Gen. Arthur St. Clair's Defeat in the Battle of the Wabash.

  • October 13, 1792: Foundation of Washington, D.C.: The cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion, now known as the White House, was laid.



Major legislation






Main article: List of United States federal legislation, 1789–1901 § 2nd United States Congress


  • February 20, 1792: Postal Service Act, Sess. 1, ch. 7, 1 Stat. 232, established the U.S. Post Office

  • March 1, 1792: Act relative to the Election of a President and Vice President of the United States, and to Presidential Succession, Sess. 1, ch. 8, 1 Stat. 239, stated the process for electors and Congress to follow when electing a president and vice president, and established which federal officer would act as president if both the offices of president and vice president became vacant.

  • April 2, 1792: Coinage Act of 1792, Sess. 1, ch. 16, 1 Stat. 246, established the United States Mint and regulated coinage

  • April 14, 1792: Apportionment Act of 1792, Sess. 1, ch. 23 1 Stat. 253, increased the size of the House of Representatives from 69 seats in the 2nd Congress to 105 in the 3rd and apportioned those seats among the several states according to the 1790 Census

  • May 2, 1792: First Militia Act of 1792, Sess. 1, ch. 28, 1 Stat. 264, empowered the president to call out the militias of the various states in the event of an invasion or rebellion.

  • May 8, 1792: Second Militia Act of 1792, Sess. 1, ch. 33, 1 Stat. 271, required that every free able-bodied white male citizen of the various states, between the ages of 18 and 45, enroll in the militia of the state in which they reside.

  • February 12, 1793: Fugitive Slave Act of 1793, Sess. 2, ch. 7, 1 Stat. 302

  • March 2, 1793: Judiciary Act of 1793 (including Anti-Injunction Act), Sess. 2, ch. 22, 1 Stat. 333



States admitted



  • March 4, 1791: Vermont was admitted as the 14th state, 1 Stat. 191

  • June 1, 1792: Kentucky was admitted as the 15th state, 1 Stat. 189



Constitutional amendments


  • December 15, 1791: The first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution, collectively known as the Bill of Rights, were ratified by the requisite number of states (then 11) to become part of the Constitution.


Party summary


There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.[1]


Details on changes are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.



Senate


During this congress, two new Senate seats were added for each of the new states of Vermont and Kentucky.



































































Faction
(shading shows control)
 Total
 Vacant

Anti-
Administration
(A)
Pro-
Administration
(P)
End of the previous congress
8
18 		26
 0

Begin
8
17
25 		1
End 13 30 0
Final voting share 7001433000000000000♠43.3% 7001567000000000000♠56.7%
Beginning of the next congress
14
16 		30
 0


House of Representatives




Members of the House of Representatives as shared by each state


During this congress, two new House seats were added for each of the new states of Vermont and Kentucky. (Sess. 3, ch. 9, 1 Stat. 191)




































































 Faction
(shading shows control)
 Total
 Vacant

Anti-
Administration
(A)
Pro-
Administration
(P)
End of the previous congress
28
36 		64
 1

Begin
29
37
66 		3
End 32 40 72 1
Final voting share 7001444000000000000♠44.4% 7001556000000000000♠55.6%
Beginning of the next congress
55
50 		105
 0


Leadership




Senate President
John Adams



Senate




  • President: John Adams (P)


  • President pro tempore:


    • Richard Henry Lee (P)


    • John Langdon (P), elected November 5, 1792





House of Representatives



  • Speaker: Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. (P)


Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by Class, and Representatives are listed by district.



Senate


Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1796; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1792; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1794.












House of Representatives


The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their districts.












Membership changes


There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.[2]


Vermont and Kentucky were newly admitted as states and are first represented in this Congress.



Senate


There were three resignations, one contested election, and four new seats of admitted states, resulting in a four-seat net gain of the Anti-Administration Senators.


See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate





























































State
(class)
 Vacator
 Reason for change
 Successor
 Date of successor's
formal installation

Pennsylvania
(1)
 Vacant
 Legislature failed to elect Senator.
Successor elected February 28, 1793.
Albert Gallatin (A)
 December 2, 1793

Connecticut
(3)
William S. Johnson (P)
 Resigned March 4, 1791.
Successor elected June 13, 1791.
Roger Sherman (P)
 June 13, 1791

Vermont
(1)
 New seat
 Vermont was admitted to the Union March 4, 1791.
Winners elected October 17, 1791.
Stephen R. Bradley (A)
 November 4, 1791

Vermont
(3)
Moses Robinson (A)
 November 4, 1791

Kentucky
(2)
 New seat
 Kentucky was admitted to the Union June 1, 1792.
Winners elected June 18, 1792.
John Edwards (A)
 June 18, 1792

Kentucky
(2)
John Brown (A)
 June 18, 1792

Virginia
(2)
Richard Henry Lee (A)
 Resigned October 8, 1792.
Successor elected October 18, 1792.
John Taylor (A)
 October 18, 1792

Maryland
(1)
Charles Carroll (P)
 Resigned November 30, 1792.
Successor elected January 10, 1793.
Richard Potts (P)
 January 10, 1793


House of Representatives


There were 3 resignations, 1 vacancy of a member-elect, 1 contested election, 2 late elections, and 4 new seats of admitted states, resulting in a 3-seat net gain of the Anti-Administration members and a 1-seat net gain of the Pro-Administration members.


Main article: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives


















































































District
 Vacator
 Reason for change
 Successor
 Date of successor's
formal installation

Massachusetts 8th
 Vacant
 Due to failure to reach a majority, four ballots were needed to elect. Incumbent was elected late April 4, 1791.
George Thatcher (P)
 April 4, 1791

New York 1st
 Vacant
 Representative-elect James Townsend died on May 24, 1790, before Congress assembled.
Thomas Tredwell (A)
 October 24, 1791

Vermont 1st
 New seat
 Vermont was admitted to the Union on March 4, 1791.
Israel Smith (A)
 October 24, 1791

Vermont 2nd
Nathaniel Niles (A)
 October 24, 1791

Maryland 3rd
William Pinkney (A)
 Resigned November 1791
John Francis Mercer (A)
 February 6, 1792

Massachusetts 6th
 Vacant
 Due to failure to reach a majority, eight ballots were needed to elect. Incumbent was elected late April 2, 1792.
George Leonard (P)
 April 2, 1792

Virginia 2nd
John Brown (A)
 Resigned June 1, 1792, to become U.S. Senator from Kentucky.
 Vacant
 Seat went with Kentucky

Kentucky 2nd
 New seat
 Kentucky was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1792.
Alexander D. Orr (A)
 November 8, 1792

Kentucky 1st
Christopher Greenup (A)
 November 9, 1792

Georgia 1st
Anthony Wayne (A)
Anthony Wayne served until March 21, 1792, when seat declared vacant because the election was contested
John Milledge (A)
 November 22, 1792

Maryland 2nd
Joshua Seney (A)
 Resigned December 6, 1792.
William Hindman (P)
 January 30, 1793


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders.



Senate


  • Whole


House of Representatives



  • Elections


  • Rules (Select)

  • Whole



Joint committees


  • Enrolled Bills


Employees



Senate




  • Secretary: Samuel A. Otis of Massachusetts


  • Doorkeeper: James Mathers of New York


  • Chaplain: William White (Episcopalian)



House of Representatives




  • Clerk: John Beckley of Virginia


  • Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton of Rhode Island


  • Doorkeeper: Gifford Dalley


  • Chaplain:


    • Samuel Blair (Presbyterian, elected October 24, 1791


    • Ashbel Green, Presbyterian, elected November 5, 1792




  • Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]



See also




  • United States elections, 1790 (elections leading to this Congress)

    • United States Senate elections, 1790 and 1791

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1790




  • United States elections, 1792 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)

    • United States presidential election, 1792

    • United States Senate elections, 1792 and 1793

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1792





References





  1. ^ Martis, Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Martis, Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress.





  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.



External links



  • Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

  • Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists









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