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40th United States Congress
	; ; 39th ←; → 41st; ;
	; ; United States Capitol (1869);
March 4, 1867 – March 4, 1869
Senate President	; Vacant
Senate Pres. pro tem	; Benjamin Wade (R)
House Speaker	; Schuyler Colfax (R); Theodore M. Pomeroy (R)
Members	; 68 senators; 226 representatives; 8 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority	; Republican;
House Majority	; Republican;
Sessions
	; Special: April 1, 1867 – April 20, 1867; 1st: March 4, 1867 – December 1, 1867; 2nd: December 2, 1867 – November 10, 1868; 3rd: December 7, 1868 – March 4, 1869

The Fortieth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1867, to March 4, 1869, during the third and fourth years of Andrew Johnson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eighth Census of the United States in 1860. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

8 Members
- 8.1 Senate
  - 8.1.1 Alabama
  - 8.1.2 Arkansas
  - 8.1.3 California
  - 8.1.4 Connecticut
  - 8.1.5 Delaware
  - 8.1.6 Florida
  - 8.1.7 Georgia
  - 8.1.8 Illinois
  - 8.1.9 Indiana
  - 8.1.10 Iowa
  - 8.1.11 Kansas
  - 8.1.12 Kentucky
  - 8.1.13 Louisiana
  - 8.1.14 Maine
  - 8.1.15 Maryland
  - 8.1.16 Massachusetts
  - 8.1.17 Michigan
  - 8.1.18 Minnesota
  - 8.1.19 Mississippi
  - 8.1.20 Missouri
  - 8.1.21 Nebraska
  - 8.1.22 Nevada
  - 8.1.23 New Hampshire
  - 8.1.24 New Jersey
  - 8.1.25 New York
  - 8.1.26 North Carolina
  - 8.1.27 Ohio
  - 8.1.28 Oregon
  - 8.1.29 Pennsylvania
  - 8.1.30 Rhode Island
  - 8.1.31 South Carolina
  - 8.1.32 Tennessee
  - 8.1.33 Texas
  - 8.1.34 Vermont
  - 8.1.35 Virginia
  - 8.1.36 West Virginia
  - 8.1.37 Wisconsin
- 8.2 House of Representatives
  - 8.2.1 Alabama
  - 8.2.2 Arkansas
  - 8.2.3 California
  - 8.2.4 Connecticut
  - 8.2.5 Delaware
  - 8.2.6 Florida
  - 8.2.7 Georgia
  - 8.2.8 Illinois
  - 8.2.9 Indiana
  - 8.2.10 Iowa
  - 8.2.11 Kansas
  - 8.2.12 Kentucky
  - 8.2.13 Louisiana
  - 8.2.14 Maine
  - 8.2.15 Maryland
  - 8.2.16 Massachusetts
  - 8.2.17 Michigan
  - 8.2.18 Minnesota
  - 8.2.19 Mississippi
  - 8.2.20 Missouri
  - 8.2.21 Nebraska
  - 8.2.22 Nevada
  - 8.2.23 New Hampshire
  - 8.2.24 New Jersey
  - 8.2.25 New York
  - 8.2.26 North Carolina
  - 8.2.27 Ohio
  - 8.2.28 Oregon
  - 8.2.29 Pennsylvania
  - 8.2.30 Rhode Island
  - 8.2.31 South Carolina
  - 8.2.32 Tennessee
  - 8.2.33 Texas
  - 8.2.34 Vermont
  - 8.2.35 Virginia
  - 8.2.36 West Virginia
  - 8.2.37 Wisconsin
  - 8.2.38 Non-voting members

9 Changes in membership
- 9.1 Senate
- 9.2 House of Representatives

10 Committees
- 10.1 Senate
- 10.2 House of Representatives
- 10.3 Joint committees

11 Caucuses

12 Employees
- 12.1 Senate
- 12.2 House of Representatives

13 See also

14 References

15 External links

Major events

March 30, 1867: Alaska Purchase

February 24, 1868: Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

May 16, 1868: President Johnson acquitted

May 26, 1868: President Johnson acquitted again

November 3, 1868: 1868 presidential election: Ulysses S. Grant (R) defeated Horatio Seymour (D)

December 25, 1868: President Johnson granted unconditional pardons to all Civil War rebels

January 20, 1869: Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the first woman to testify before Congress

Major legislation

Four Military Reconstruction Acts, continued:
- March 2, 1867, ch. 153, 14 Stat. 428
- March 23, 1867, ch. 6, 15 Stat. 2
- July 19, 1867, ch. 30, 15 Stat. 14
- March 11, 1868, ch. 25, 15 Stat. 41

July 27, 1868: Expatriation Act of 1868, ch. 249, 15 Stat. 223

Constitutional amendments

July 10, 1868: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution declared ratified

February 26, 1869: Approved an amendment to the Constutiton prohibiting the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude", and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification^[1]
- Amendment was later ratified on February 3, 1870, becoming the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution^[1]

Treaty

February 16, 1868: Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) ratified

April 29, 1868: Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), 15 Stat. 635, signed

Territories organized

July 25, 1868: Wyoming Territory organized^[2]

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

During this Congress, Arkansas, Florida, Alabama, North Carolina, Louisiana, and South Carolina were readmitted to representation in both the Senate and the House. Georgia was readmitted with representation in the House only.

Senate

	Party (shading shows control)			Total	Vacant

	Democratic (D)	Republican (R)	Other
End of the previous congress	8	41	(Unionist & Unconditional Unionist) 5	54	20

Begin	8	45	0	53	21
End	9	57	0	66	8
Final voting share	7001136000000000000♠13.6%	7001864000000000000♠86.4%	5000000000000000000♠0.0%

Beginning of the next congress	9	57	0	66	8

House of Representatives

Affiliation	Party (Shading indicates majority/plurality caucus)						Total

	Democratic (D)	Republican (R)	Independent Republican (IR)	Conservative Republican (CR)	Conservative (C)	Other		Vacant
End of previous Congress	41	134	1	0	0	(Unionist & Unconditional Unionist) 17	193	49

Begin	45	140	1	1	1	0	188	55
End	45	170	2	1	2	0	220	23
Final voting share	20.5%	78.6%			0.9%	0.0%

Beginning of the next Congress	65	150	0	0	0	0	215	28

Leadership

Senate

President: Vacant

President pro tempore: Benjamin Wade (R)

Republican Conference Chairman: Henry B. Anthony

Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: James Rood Doolittle

House of Representatives

Speaker: Schuyler Colfax (R), until March 3, 1869
- Theodore M. Pomeroy (R), elected March 3, 1869. Served for 1 day.

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1870; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1872.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Alabama

2. Willard Warner (R), from July 13, 1868

3. George E. Spencer (R), from July 13, 1868

Arkansas

2. Alexander McDonald (R), from June 22, 1868

3. Benjamin F. Rice (R), from June 23, 1868

California

1. John Conness (R)

3. Cornelius Cole (R)

Connecticut

1. James Dixon (R)

3. Orris S. Ferry (R)

Delaware

1. George R. Riddle (D), until March 29, 1867
- James A. Bayard, Jr. (D), from April 11, 1867

2. Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (D)

Florida

3. Thomas W. Osborn (R), from June 25, 1868

1. Adonijah Welch (R), from June 17, 1868

Georgia

2. Vacant

3. Vacant

Illinois

3. Lyman Trumbull (R)

2. Richard Yates (R)

Indiana

1. Thomas A. Hendricks (D)

3. Oliver H. P. T. Morton (R)

Iowa

2. James W. Grimes (R)

3. James Harlan (R)

Kansas

3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (R)

2. Edmund G. Ross (R)

Kentucky

3. Garrett Davis (D)

2. James Guthrie (D), until February 7, 1868
- Thomas C. McCreery (D), from February 19, 1868

Louisiana

2. John S. Harris (R), from July 8, 1868

3. William Pitt Kellogg (R), from July 9, 1868

Maine

1. Lot M. Morrill (R)

2. William Pitt Fessenden (R)

Maryland

1. Reverdy Johnson (D), until July 10, 1868
- William Pinkney Whyte (D), from July 13, 1868

3. George Vickers (D), from March 7, 1868

Massachusetts

1. Charles Sumner (R)

2. Henry Wilson (R)

Michigan

1. Zachariah Chandler (R)

2. Jacob M. Howard (R)

Minnesota

1. Alexander Ramsey (R)

2. Daniel S. Norton (R)

Mississippi

1. Vacant

2. Vacant

Missouri

1. John B. Henderson (R)

3. Charles D. Drake (R)

Nebraska

2. John M. Thayer (R)

1. Thomas Tipton (R)

Nevada

1. William M. Stewart (R)

3. James W. Nye (R)

New Hampshire

2. Aaron H. Cragin (R)

3. James W. Patterson (R)

New Jersey

2. Alexander G. Cattell (R)

1. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R)

New York

1. Edwin D. Morgan (R)

3. Roscoe Conkling (R)

North Carolina

2. Joseph C. Abbott (R), from July 14, 1868

3. John Pool (R), from July 14, 1868

Ohio

1. Benjamin Wade (R)

3. John Sherman (R)

Oregon

2. George H. Williams (R)

3. Henry W. Corbett (R)

Pennsylvania

1. Charles R. Buckalew (D)

3. Simon Cameron (R)

Rhode Island

2. Henry B. Anthony (R)

1. William Sprague (R)

South Carolina

2. Thomas J. Robertson (R), from July 15, 1868

3. Frederick A. Sawyer (R), from July 16, 1868

Tennessee

2. Joseph S. Fowler (R)

1. David T. Patterson (D)

Texas

1. Vacant

2. Vacant

Vermont

1. George F. Edmunds (R)

3. Justin S. Morrill (R)

Virginia

1. Vacant

2. Vacant

West Virginia

1. Peter G. Van Winkle (R)

2. Waitman T. Willey (R)

Wisconsin

1. James R. Doolittle (R)

3. Timothy O. Howe (R)

President pro tempore
Benjamin F. Wade

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama

(6 Republicans)

1. Francis W. Kellogg (R), from July 22, 1868

2. Charles W. Buckley (R), from July 21, 1868

3. Benjamin W. Norris (R), from July 21, 1868

4. Charles W. Pierce (R), from July 21, 1868

5. John B. Callis (R), from July 21, 1868

6. Thomas Haughey (R), from July 21, 1868

Arkansas

(3 Republicans)

1. Logan H. Roots (R), from June 22, 1868

2. James M. Hinds (R), June 22, 1868 – October 22, 1868
- James T. Elliott (R), from January 13, 1869

3. Thomas Boles (R), from June 22, 1868

California

(2-1 Democratic)

1. Samuel B. Axtell (D)

2. William Higby (R)

3. James A. Johnson (D)

Connecticut

(3-1 Democratic)

1. Richard D. Hubbard (D)

2. Julius Hotchkiss (D)

3. Henry H. Starkweather (R)

4. William H. Barnum (D)

Delaware

(1 Democrat)

At-large. John A. Nicholson (D)

Florida

(1 Republican)

At-large. Charles M. Hamilton (R), from July 1, 1868

Georgia

(4-2 Republican)

1. Joseph W. Clift (R), from July 25, 1868

2. Nelson Tift (D), from July 25, 1868

3. William P. Edwards (R), from July 25, 1868

4. Samuel F. Gove (R), from July 25, 1868

5. Charles H. Prince (R), from July 25, 1868

6. Vacant

7. Pierce M. B. Young (D), from July 25, 1868

Illinois

(11-3 Republican)

1. Norman B. Judd (R)

2. John F. Farnsworth (R)

3. Elihu B. Washburne (R)

4. Abner C. Harding (R)

5. Ebon C. Ingersoll (R)

6. Burton C. Cook (R)

7. Henry P. H. Bromwell (R)

8. Shelby M. Cullom (R)

9. Lewis W. Ross (D)

10. Albert G. Burr (D)

11. Samuel S. Marshall (D)

12. Jehu Baker (R)

13. Green B. Raum (R)

At-large. John A. Logan (R)

Indiana

(8-3 Republican)

1. William E. Niblack (D)

2. Michael C. Kerr (D)

3. Morton C. Hunter (R)

4. William S. Holman (D)

5. George W. Julian (R)

6. John Coburn (R)

7. Henry D. Washburn (R)

8. Godlove S. Orth (R)

9. Schuyler Colfax (R)

10. William Williams (R)

11. John P. C. Shanks (R)

Iowa

(6 Republicans)

1. James F. Wilson (R)

2. Hiram Price (R)

3. William B. Allison (R)

4. William Loughridge (R)

5. Grenville M. Dodge (R)

6. Asahel W. Hubbard (R)

Kansas

(1 Republican)

At-large. Sidney Clarke (R)

Kentucky

(8-1 Democratic)

1. Lawrence S. Trimble (D)

2. Vacant

3. Elijah Hise (D), until May 8, 1867
- Jacob Golladay (D), from December 5, 1867

4. J. Proctor Knott (D)

5. Asa Grover (D)

6. Thomas L. Jones (D)

7. James B. Beck (D)

8. George M. Adams (D)

9. Samuel McKee (R), from June 22, 1868

Louisiana

(4-1 Republican)

1. J. Hale Sypher (R), from July 18, 1868

2. James Mann (D), July 18, 1868 – August 26, 1868

3. Joseph P. Newsham (R), from July 18, 1868

4. Michel Vidal (R), from July 18, 1868

5. W. Jasper Blackburn (R), from July 18, 1868

Maine

(5 Republicans)

1. John Lynch (R)

2. Sidney Perham (R)

3. James G. Blaine (R)

4. John A. Peters (R)

5. Frederick A. Pike (R)

Maryland

(3-1 Democratic, 1 Conservative)

1. Hiram McCullough (D)

2. Stevenson Archer (D)

3. Charles E. Phelps (C)

4. Francis Thomas (R)

5. Frederick Stone (D)

Massachusetts

(10 Republicans)

1. Thomas D. Eliot (R)

2. Oakes Ames (R)

3. Ginery Twichell (R)

4. Samuel Hooper (R)

5. Benjamin F. Butler (R)

6. Nathaniel P. Banks (R)

7. George S. Boutwell (R)

8. John D. Baldwin (R)

9. William B. Washburn (R)

10. Henry L. Dawes (R)

Michigan

(6 Republicans)

1. Fernando C. Beaman (R)

2. Charles Upson (R)

3. Austin Blair (R)

4. Thomas W. Ferry (R)

5. Rowland E. Trowbridge (R)

6. John F. Driggs (R)

Minnesota

(2 Republicans)

1. William Windom (R)

2. Ignatius L. Donnelly (R)

Mississippi

1. Vacant

2. Vacant

3. Vacant

4. Vacant

5. Vacant

Missouri

(8-1 Republican)

1. William A. Pile (R)

2. Carman A. Newcomb (R)

3. Thomas E. Noell (D), until October 3, 1867
- James R. McCormick (D), from December 17, 1867

4. Joseph J. Gravely (R)

5. Joseph W. McClurg (R), until July 1868
- John H. Stover (R), from December 7, 1868

6. Robert T. Van Horn (R)

7. Benjamin F. Loan (R)

8. John F. Benjamin (R)

9. George W. Anderson (R)

Nebraska

(1 Republican)

At-large. John Taffe (R)

Nevada

(1 Republican)

At-large. Delos R. Ashley (R)

New Hampshire

(3 Republicans)

1. Jacob H. Ela (R)

2. Aaron F. Stevens (R)

3. Jacob Benton (R)

New Jersey

(3-2 Republican)

1. William Moore (R)

2. Charles Haight (D)

3. Charles Sitgreaves (D)

4. John Hill (R)

5. George A. Halsey (R)

New York

(21-10 Republican)

1. Stephen Taber (D)

2. Demas Barnes (D)

3. William E. Robinson (D)

4. John Fox (D)

5. John Morrissey (D)

6. Thomas E. Stewart (CR)

7. John W. Chanler (D)

8. James Brooks (D)

9. Fernando Wood (D)

10. William H. Robertson (R)

11. Charles H. Van Wyck (R)

12. John H. Ketcham (R)

13. Thomas Cornell (R)

14. John V. L. Pruyn (D)

15. John A. Griswold (R)

16. Orange Ferriss (R)

17. Calvin T. Hulburd (R)

18. James M. Marvin (R)

19. William C. Fields (R)

20. Addison H. Laflin (R)

21. Roscoe Conkling (R), until March 4, 1867
- Alexander H. Bailey (R), from November 30, 1867

22. John C. Churchill (R)

23. Dennis McCarthy (R)

24. Theodore M. Pomeroy (R)

25. William H. Kelsey (R)

26. William S. Lincoln (R)

27. Hamilton Ward, Sr. (R)

28. Lewis Selye (IR)

29. Burt Van Horn (R)

30. James M. Humphrey (D)

31. Henry H. Van Aernam (R)

North Carolina

(5-1 Republican)

1. John R. French (R), from July 15, 1868

2. David Heaton (R), from July 25, 1868

3. Oliver H. Dockery (R), from July 13, 1868

4. John T. Deweese (R), from July 6, 1868

5. Israel G. Lash (R), from July 20, 1868

6. Nathaniel Boyden (C), from July 13, 1868

7. Alexander H. Jones (R), from July 6, 1868

Ohio

(16-3 Republican)

1. Benjamin Eggleston (R)

2. Rutherford B. Hayes (R), until July 20, 1867
- Samuel F. Cary (IR), from November 21, 1867

3. Robert C. Schenck (R)

4. William Lawrence (R)

5. William Mungen (D)

6. Reader W. Clarke (R)

7. Samuel Shellabarger (R)

8. Cornelius S. Hamilton (R), until December 22, 1867
- John Beatty (R), from February 5, 1868

9. Ralph P. Buckland (R)

10. James M. Ashley (R)

11. John T. Wilson (R)

12. Philadelph Van Trump (D)

13. George W. Morgan (D), until June 3, 1868
- Columbus Delano (R), from June 3, 1868

14. Martin Welker (R)

15. Tobias A. Plants (R)

16. John Bingham (R)

17. Ephraim R. Eckley (R)

18. Rufus P. Spalding (R)

19. James A. Garfield (R)

Oregon

(1 Republican)

At-large. Rufus Mallory (R)

Pennsylvania

(18-6 Republican)

1. Samuel J. Randall (D)

2. Charles O'Neill (R)

3. Leonard Myers (R)

4. William D. Kelley (R)

5. Caleb N. Taylor (R)

6. Benjamin M. Boyer (D)

7. John M. Broomall (R)

8. J. Lawrence Getz (D)

9. Thaddeus Stevens (R), until August 11, 1868
- Oliver J. Dickey (R), from December 7, 1868

10. Henry L. Cake (R)

11. Daniel M. Van Auken (D)

12. Charles Denison (D), until June 27, 1867
- George W. Woodward (D), from November 21, 1867

13. Ulysses Mercur (R)

14. George F. Miller (R)

15. Adam J. Glossbrenner (D)

16. William H. Koontz (R)

17. Daniel J. Morrell (R)

18. Stephen F. Wilson (R)

19. Glenni W. Scofield (R)

20. Darwin A. Finney (R), until August 25, 1868
- S. Newton Pettis (R), from December 7, 1868

21. John Covode (R)

22. James K. Moorhead (R)

23. Thomas Williams (R)

24. George V. Lawrence (R)

Rhode Island

(2 Republicans)

1. Thomas Jenckes (R)

2. Nathan F. Dixon, Jr. (R)

South Carolina

(4 Republicans)

1. B. Frank Whittemore (R), from July 18, 1868

2. Christopher C. Bowen (R), from July 18, 1868

3. M. Simeon Corley (R), from July 25, 1868

4. James H. Goss (R), from July 18, 1868

Tennessee

(8 Republicans)

1. Roderick R. Butler (R)

2. Horace Maynard (R)

3. William B. Stokes (R)

4. James Mullins (R)

5. John Trimble (R)

6. Samuel M. Arnell (R)

7. Isaac R. Hawkins (R)

8. David A. Nunn (R)

Texas

1. Vacant

2. Vacant

3. Vacant

4. Vacant

Vermont

(3 Republicans)

1. Frederick E. Woodbridge (R)

2. Luke P. Poland (R)

3. Worthington C. Smith (R)

Virginia

1. Vacant

2. Vacant

3. Vacant

4. Vacant

5. Vacant

6. Vacant

7. Vacant

8. Vacant

West Virginia

(3 Republicans)

1. Chester D. Hubbard (R)

2. Bethuel Kitchen (R)

3. Daniel Polsley (R)

Wisconsin

(5-1 Republican)

1. Halbert E. Paine (R)

2. Benjamin F. Hopkins (R)

3. Amasa Cobb (R)

4. Charles A. Eldredge (D)

5. Philetus Sawyer (R)

6. Cadwallader C. Washburn (R)

Non-voting members

(4-3 Democratic, 1 Independent)

Arizona Territory. Coles Bashford (I)

Colorado Territory. George M. Chilcott (R)

Dakota Territory. Walter A. Burleigh (R)

Idaho Territory. Edward D. Holbrook (D)

Montana Territory. James M. Cavanaugh (D)

New Mexico Territory. Charles P. Clever (D), from September 2, 1867 - February 20, 1869
- J. Francisco Chaves (R), from February 20, 1869

Utah Territory. William H. Hooper (D)

Washington Territory. Alvan Flanders (R)

House seats by party holding plurality in state
80.1-100% Democratic	80.1-100% Republican
60.1-80% Democratic	60.1-80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic	Up to 60% Republican

Speaker of the House
Schuyler Colfax

Speaker of the House
Theodore M. Pomeroy

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

replacements: 3
- Democratic: 0 seat net loss
- Republican: 0 seat net gain

deaths: 1

resignations: 2

interim appointments: 1

seats from newly re-admitted states: 12

Total seats with changes: 16

State (class)	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation
Delaware (1)	George R. Riddle (D)	Died March 29, 1867. Successor appointed April 5, 1867. Appointee was subsequently elected January 19, 1869, to finish the term.^[3]	James A. Bayard, Jr. (D)	April 5, 1867
Kentucky (2)	James Guthrie (D)	Resigned February 7, 1868, because of failing health. Successor elected February 19, 1868.	Thomas C. McCreery (D)	February 19, 1868
Maryland (3)	Vacant	Filled vacancy caused by action of the Senate in declining to permit Philip F. Thomas to qualify. Successor elected March 7, 1868.	George Vickers (D)	March 7, 1868
Florida (1)	Vacant	Florida re-admitted to the Union	Adonijah Welch (R)	June 17, 1868
Arkansas (2)	Vacant	Arkansas re-admitted to the Union	Alexander McDonald (R)	June 22, 1868
Arkansas (3)	Vacant	Arkansas re-admitted to the Union	Benjamin F. Rice (R)	June 23, 1868
Florida (3)	Vacant	Florida re-admitted to the Union	Thomas W. Osborn (R)	June 25, 1868
Louisiana (2)	Vacant	Louisiana re-admitted to the Union	John S. Harris (R)	July 8, 1868
Louisiana (3)	Vacant	Louisiana re-admitted to the Union	William P. Kellogg (R)	July 9, 1868
Alabama (2)	Vacant	Alabama re-admitted to the Union	Willard Warner (R)	July 13, 1868
Alabama (3)	Vacant	Alabama re-admitted to the Union	George E. Spencer (R)
Maryland (1)	Reverdy Johnson (D)	Resigned July 10, 1868, to become U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Successor appointed July 13, 1868.	William P. Whyte (D)
North Carolina (2)	Vacant	North Carolina re-admitted to the Union	Joseph C. Abbott (R)	July 14, 1868
North Carolina (3)	Vacant	North Carolina re-admitted to the Union	John Pool (R)	July 14, 1868
South Carolina (2)	Vacant	South Carolina re-admitted to the Union	Thomas J. Robertson (R)	July 15, 1868
South Carolina (3)	Vacant	South Carolina re-admitted to the Union	Frederick A. Sawyer (R)	July 16, 1868

House of Representatives

replacements: 10
- Democratic: 2 seat net loss
- Republican: 0 seat net gain
- Independent Republican: 1 seat net gain
- Conservative: 0 seat net gain

deaths: 8

resignations: 3

contested election: 3

seats from re-admitted states: 32

Total seats with changes: 44

District	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation
New Mexico Territory At-large	Vacant	Vacancy in term	Charles P. Clever (D)	September 2, 1867
Arkansas 1st	Vacant	Arkansas re-admitted into the Union	Logan H. Roots (R)	June 22, 1868
Arkansas 2nd			James M. Hinds (R)
Arkansas 3rd			Thomas Boles (R)
Kentucky 9th	Vacant	John D. Young presented credentials but failed to qualify. Election was contested by McKee.	Samuel McKee (R)	June 22, 1868
Florida At-large	Vacant	Florida re-admitted into the Union	Charles M. Hamilton (R)	July 1, 1868
North Carolina 4th	Vacant	North Carolina re-admitted into the Union	John T. Deweese (R)	July 6, 1868
North Carolina 7th			Alexander H. Jones (R)	July 6, 1868
North Carolina 3rd			Oliver H. Dockery (R)	July 13, 1868
North Carolina 6th			Nathaniel Boyden (C)	July 13, 1868
North Carolina 1st			John R. French (R)	July 15, 1868
Louisiana 1st	Vacant	Louisiana re-admitted into the Union	J. Hale Sypher (R)	July 18, 1868
Louisiana 2nd			James Mann (D)
Louisiana 3rd			Joseph P. Newsham (R)
Louisiana 4th			Michel Vidal (R)
Louisiana 5th			W. Jasper Blackburn (R)
South Carolina 1st	Vacant	South Carolina re-admitted into the Union	Benjamin F. Whittemore (R)	July 18, 1868
South Carolina 2nd			Christopher C. Bowen (R)
South Carolina 4th			James H. Goss (R)
North Carolina 5th	Vacant	North Carolina re-admitted into the Union	Israel G. Lash (R)	July 20, 1868
Alabama 2nd	Vacant	Alabama re-admitted into the Union	Charles W. Buckley (R)	July 21, 1868
Alabama 3rd			Benjamin W. Norris (R)
Alabama 4th			Charles W. Pierce (R)
Alabama 5th			John B. Callis (R)
Alabama 6th			Thomas Haughey (R)
Alabama 1st			Francis W. Kellogg (R)	July 22, 1868
Georgia 1st	Vacant	Georgia re-admitted into the Union	Joseph W. Clift (R)	July 25, 1868
Georgia 2nd			Nelson Tift (D)
Georgia 3rd			William P. Edwards (R)
Georgia 4th			Samuel F. Gove (R)
Georgia 5th			Charles H. Prince (R)
Georgia 7th			Pierce M. B. Young (D)
North Carolina 2nd	Vacant	North Carolina re-admitted into the Union	David Heaton (R)	July 25, 1868
South Carolina 1st	Vacant	South Carolina re-admitted into the Union	Manuel S. Corley (R)	July 25, 1868
New York 21st	Roscoe Conkling (R)	Resigned March 4, 1867, after being elected to the US Senate	Alexander H. Bailey (R)	November 30, 1867
Kentucky 3rd	Elijah Hise (D)	Died May 8, 1867	Jacob Golladay (D)	December 5, 1867
Pennsylvania 12th	Charles Denison (D)	Died June 27, 1867	George W. Woodward (D)	November 21, 1867
Ohio 2nd	Rutherford B. Hayes (R)	Resigned July 20, 1867, after being nominated Governor of Ohio	Samuel F. Cary (IR)	November 21, 1867
Missouri 3rd	Thomas E. Noell (D)	Died October 3, 1867	James R. McCormick (D)	December 17, 1867
Ohio 8th	Cornelius S. Hamilton (R)	Killed by insane son December 22, 1867	John Beatty (R)	February 5, 1868
Pennsylvania 13th	George W. Morgan (D)	Lost contested election June 3, 1868	Columbus Delano (R)	June 3, 1868
Missouri 5th	Joseph W. McClurg (R)	Resigned in July 1868	John H. Stover (R)	December 7, 1868
Pennsylvania 9th	Thaddeus Stevens (R)	Died August 11, 1868	Oliver J. Dickey (R)	December 7, 1868
Pennsylvania 20th	Darwin A. Finney (R)	Died August 25, 1868	S. Newton Pettis (R)	December 7, 1868
Louisiana 2nd	James Mann (D)	Died August 26, 1868	Vacant	Not filled this term
Arkansas 2nd	James M. Hinds (R)	Assassinated October 22, 1868	James T. Elliott (R)	January 13, 1869
New Mexico Territory At-large	Charles P. Clever (D)	Lost contested election February 20, 1869	J. Francisco Chaves (R)	February 20, 1869

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (1 link), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Senate

Agriculture

Appropriations

Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate

Claims

Commerce

Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)

District of Columbia

Education

Finance

Foreign Relations

Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson (Select)

Impeachment Trial Investigation (Select)

Indian Affairs

Judiciary

Manufactures

Military Affairs

Mines and Mining

Naval Affairs

Ninth Census (Select)

Ordnance and War Ships (Select)

Pacific Railroad

Patents and the Patent Office

Pensions

Post Office and Post Roads

Private Land Claims

Public Lands

Representative Reform (Select)

Retrenchment

Revolutionary Claims

Rules

Tariff Regulation (Select)

Territories

Treasury Printing Bureau (Select)

Whole

House of Representatives

Accounts

Agriculture

Appropriations

Banking and Currency

Claims

Coinage, Weights and Measures

Commerce

District of Columbia

Education and Labor

Elections

Expenditures in the Interior Department

Expenditures in the Navy Department

Expenditures in the Post Office Department

Expenditures in the State Department

Expenditures in the Treasury Department

Expenditures in the War Department

Expenditures on Public Buildings

Freedmen's Affairs

Foreign Affairs

Indian Affairs

Invalid Pensions

Manufactures

Mileage

Military Affairs

Militia

Mines and Mining

Naval Affairs

Pacific Railroads

Patents

Post Office and Post Roads

Public Buildings and Grounds

Public Expenditures

Public Lands

Revisal and Unfinished Business

Revolutionary Claims

Roads and Canals

Rules (Select)

Standards of Official Conduct

Territories

Ways and Means

Whole

Joint committees

Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)

Enrolled Bills

Ordnance (Select)

Reorganize the Civil Service in the Departments

Retrenchment

Revise and Equalize the Pay of the Employees of Each House

To Examine the Accounts for Repairs and Furnishing of the Executive Mansion

Caucuses

Democratic (House)

Democratic (Senate)

Employees

Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark, appointed August 30, 1865

Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford

Senate

Chaplain of the Senate: Edgar H. Gray (Baptist)

Secretary of the Senate: John W. Forney
- George C. Gorham, elected June 4, 1868

Sergeant at Arms of the Senate: George T. Brown

House of Representatives

Chaplain of the House: Charles B. Boynton (Congregationalist)

Clerk of the House: Edward McPherson

Doorkeeper of the House: Charles E. Lippincott

Messenger to the Speaker: William D. Todd

Postmaster of the House: William S. King

Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]

Sergeant at Arms of the House: Nehemiah G. Ordway

References

^ ^a^b Huckabee, David C. (September 30, 1997). "Ratification of Amendments to the U.S. Constitution" (PDF). Congressional Research Service reports. Washington D.C.: Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

^ State of Wyoming web site, "CHRONOLOGY-Some Events in Wyoming History"

^ Byrd & Wolff, page 90

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Byrd, Robert C.; Wolff, Wendy (October 1, 1993). "The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992" (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office.

External links

Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

U.S. House of Representatives: House History

U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists

Congressional Directory for the 40th Congress, 2nd Session.

Congressional Directory for the 40th Congress, 3rd Session.

[15thA-1] Huckabee, David C. (September 30, 1997). "Ratification of Amendments to the U.S. Constitution" (PDF). Congressional Research Service reports. Washington D.C.: Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

[2] State of Wyoming web site, "CHRONOLOGY-Some Events in Wyoming History"

[Byrd90-3] Byrd & Wolff, page 90

40th United States Congress
39th ← → 41st
United States Capitol (1869)
March 4, 1867 – March 4, 1869
Senate President	Vacant
Senate Pres. pro tem	Benjamin Wade (R)
House Speaker	Schuyler Colfax (R) Theodore M. Pomeroy (R)
Members	68 senators 226 representatives 8 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority	Republican
House Majority	Republican
Sessions
Special: April 1, 1867 – April 20, 1867 1st: March 4, 1867 – December 1, 1867 2nd: December 2, 1867 – November 10, 1868 3rd: December 7, 1868 – March 4, 1869

40th United States Congress

Contents

Major events

Major legislation

Constitutional amendments

Treaty

Territories organized

Party summary

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

Senate

Alabama

Arkansas

California

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Texas

Vermont

Virginia

West Virginia

Wisconsin

House of Representatives

Alabama

Arkansas

California

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Ohio