18th United States Congress
18th United States Congress | |
---|---|
17th ← → 19th | |
United States Capitol (1827) | |
March 4, 1823 – March 4, 1825 | |
Senate President | Daniel D. Tompkins (DR) |
Senate Pres. pro tem | John Gaillard (DR) |
House Speaker | Henry Clay (DR) |
Members | 48 senators 213 representatives 3 non-voting delegates |
Senate Majority | Democratic-Republican |
House Majority | Democratic-Republican |
Sessions | |
1st: December 1, 1823 – May 27, 1824 2nd: December 6, 1824 – March 3, 1825 |
The Eighteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1823, to March 4, 1825, during the seventh and eighth years of James Monroe's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
Contents
1 Major events
2 Major legislation
3 Party summary
3.1 Senate
3.2 House of Representatives
4 Leadership
4.1 Senate
4.2 House of Representatives
5 Members
5.1 Senate
5.1.1 Alabama
5.1.2 Connecticut
5.1.3 Delaware
5.1.4 Georgia
5.1.5 Illinois
5.1.6 Indiana
5.1.7 Kentucky
5.1.8 Louisiana
5.1.9 Maine
5.1.10 Maryland
5.1.11 Massachusetts
5.1.12 Mississippi
5.1.13 Missouri
5.1.14 New Hampshire
5.1.15 New Jersey
5.1.16 New York
5.1.17 North Carolina
5.1.18 Ohio
5.1.19 Pennsylvania
5.1.20 Rhode Island
5.1.21 South Carolina
5.1.22 Tennessee
5.1.23 Vermont
5.1.24 Virginia
5.2 House of Representatives
5.2.1 Alabama
5.2.2 Connecticut
5.2.3 Delaware
5.2.4 Georgia
5.2.5 Illinois
5.2.6 Indiana
5.2.7 Kentucky
5.2.8 Louisiana
5.2.9 Maine
5.2.10 Maryland
5.2.11 Massachusetts
5.2.12 Mississippi
5.2.13 Missouri
5.2.14 New Hampshire
5.2.15 New Jersey
5.2.16 New York
5.2.17 North Carolina
5.2.18 Ohio
5.2.19 Pennsylvania
5.2.20 Rhode Island
5.2.21 South Carolina
5.2.22 Tennessee
5.2.23 Vermont
5.2.24 Virginia
5.2.25 Non-voting members
6 Changes in membership
6.1 Senate
6.2 House of Representatives
7 Committees
7.1 Senate
7.2 House of Representatives
7.3 Joint committees
8 Employees
8.1 Senate
8.2 House of Representatives
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Major events
- August 1823: Arikara War fought between the Arikara nation and the United States, the first American military conflict with the Plains Indians.
- December 2, 1823: Monroe Doctrine: President James Monroe delivered a speech to the Congress, announcing a new policy of forbidding European interference in the Americas and establishing American neutrality in future European conflicts.
- February 9, 1825: John Quincy Adams became the second President of the United States elected by the House of Representatives, as no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes cast in the 1824 presidential election. The House was required to choose between Adams, Andrew Jackson, and William Crawford, with each of the twenty-four states having a single vote. Adams was elected on the first ballot by 13 to 7 to 4.[1]
States for Adams
States for Jackson
States for Crawford
- Connecticut
- Illinois
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Missouri
- New Hampshire
- New York
- Ohio
- Rhode Island
- Vermont
- Alabama
- Indiana
- Mississippi
- New Jersey
- Pennsylvania
- South Carolina
- Tennessee
- Delaware
- Georgia
- North Carolina
- Virginia
Total: 13 (54%)
Total: 7 (29%)
Total: 4 (17%)
Major legislation
- January 7, 1824: Tariff of 1824, Sess. 1, ch. 4, 4 Stat. 2
- March 3, 1825: Crimes Act of 1825, Sess. 2, ch. 65, 4 Stat. 115
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic-Republican | Federalist | Vacant | ||||||
Adams-Clay (A-DR) | Crawford (C-DR) | Jackson (J-DR) | Adams-Clay (A-F) | |||||
End of previous Congress | 43 | 4 | 47 | 1 | ||||
Begin | 11 | 20 | 11 | 3 | 45 | 3 | ||
End | 12 | 5 | 48 | 0 | ||||
Final voting share | 89.6% | 10.4% | ||||||
Beginning of next Congress | Jacksonian: 25 | 45 | 3 | |||||
Anti-Jacksonian: 20 |
House of Representatives
Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic-Republican | Federalist | Vacant | ||||||
Adams-Clay (A-DR) | Crawford (C-DR) | Jackson (J-DR) | Adams-Clay (A-F) | Crawford (C-F) | Jackson (J-F) | |||
End of previous Congress | 154 | 31 | 185 | 2 | ||||
Begin | 71 | 53 | 64 | 15 | 2 | 7 | 212 | 1 |
End | 72 | 213 | 0 | |||||
Final voting share | 88.7% | 11.3% | ||||||
Beginning of next Congress | Jacksonian: 104 | 213 | 0 | |||||
Adams: 109 |
Leadership
Senate
President: Daniel D. Tompkins (DR)
President pro tempore: John Gaillard (DR)
House of Representatives
Speaker: Henry Clay (DR)
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.
- Skip to House of Representatives, below
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1826; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1828; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1824.
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House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
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Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- Deaths: 3
- Resignations: 3
- Vacancy: 2
- Total seats with changes: 8
State (class) | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
---|---|---|---|---|
New Jersey (1) | Vacant | Samuel L. Southard resigned at end of previous Congress. Successor elected November 12, 1823. | Joseph McIlvaine (A-DR) | November 12, 1823 |
Delaware (2) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. Incumbent was re-elected late January 7, 1824. | Nicholas Van Dyke (A-F) | January 7, 1824 |
Delaware (1) | Vacant | Caesar A. Rodney resigned in previous term. Successor elected January 8, 1824. | Thomas Clayton (A-F) | January 8, 1824 |
Connecticut (1) | Elijah Boardman (J-DR) | Died August 18, 1823. Successor appointed October 8, 1823, and later elected May 5, 1824. | Henry W. Edwards (J-DR) | October 8, 1823 |
Louisiana (3) | James Brown (A-DR) | Resigned December 10, 1823, after being appointed Minister to France. Successor appointed January 15, 1824. | Josiah S. Johnston (A-DR) | January 15, 1824 |
Illinois (3) | Ninian Edwards (A-DR) | Resigned March 4, 1824, after being appointed Minister to Mexico. Successor elected December 6, 1824. | John McLean (C-DR) | December 6, 1824 |
Louisiana (2) | Henry Johnson (A-DR) | Resigned May 27, 1824, to run for Governor of Louisiana. Successor elected November 19, 1824. | Dominique J. Bouligny (A-DR) | November 19, 1824 |
Virginia (2) | John Taylor (C-DR) | Died August 21, 1824. Successor elected December 7, 1824. | Littleton W. Tazewell (J-DR) | December 7, 1824 |
Georgia (2) | Nicholas Ware (C-DR) | Died September 7, 1824. Successor elected December 6, 1824. | Thomas W. Cobb (C-DR) | December 6, 1824 |
House of Representatives
- deaths: 3
- resignations: 5
- contested election: 2
- Total seats with changes: 10
District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Massachusetts 10th | Vacant | John Bailey was declared not entitled to seat in previous election, and was elected to replace himself in special election | John Bailey (A-DR) | Seated December 13, 1824 |
New York 28th | William B. Rochester (A-DR) | Resigned April 21, 1823 | William Woods (A-DR) | Seated November 3, 1823 |
Pennsylvania 13th | John Tod (J-DR) | Resigned some time in 1824 | Alexander Thomson (J-DR) | Seated December 6, 1824 |
New York 29th | Isaac Wilson (A-DR) | Lost contested election January 7, 1824 | Parmenio Adams (A-DR) | Seated January 7, 1824 |
Virginia 13th | William Lee Ball (C-DR) | Died February 29, 1824 | John Taliaferro (C-DR) | Seated March 24, 1824 |
North Carolina 2nd | Hutchins G. Burton (C-DR) | Resigned March 23, 1824, after being elected Governor of North Carolina | George Outlaw (C-DR) | Seated January 19, 1825 |
Pennsylvania 8th | Thomas J. Rogers (J-DR) | Resigned April 20, 1824 | George Wolf (J-DR) | Seated December 9, 1824 |
Indiana 1st | William Prince (J-DR) | Died September 8, 1824 | Jacob Call (J-DR) | Seated December 23, 1824 |
Vermont 3rd | Charles Rich (A-DR) | Died October 15, 1824 | Henry Olin (A-DR) | Seated December 13, 1824 |
Georgia At-large | Thomas W. Cobb (C-DR) | Resigned December 6, 1824, after being elected to the US Senate | Richard H. Wilde (C-DR) | Seated February 7, 1825 |
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
Amendments to the Constitution (Select)- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
Banks in Which Deposits Have Been Made (Select)- Claims
- Commerce and Manufactures
Debt Imprisonment Abolition (Select)- District of Columbia
- Finance
- Foreign Relations
- Indian Affairs
- Judiciary
- Manufactures
Marquis de La Fayette (Select)
Memorial of the Legislature of Arkansas (Select)- Military Affairs
- Militia
National Road from Cumberland to Wheeling (Select)- Naval Affairs
Peale's Portrait of Washington (Select)- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Public Lands
Roads and Canals (Select)
Tariff Regulation (Select)- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts
- Agriculture
Arms Contracts (Select)
Banking Memorials (Select)- Claims
- Commerce
- District of Columbia
- Elections
- Expenditures in the Navy Department
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department
- Expenditures in the State Department
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department
- Expenditures in the War Department
- Expenditures on Public Buildings
- Foreign Affairs
- Indian Affairs
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Naval Affairs
- Pensions and Revolutionary War Claims
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Public Expenditures
- Public Lands
- Revisal and Unfinished Business
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
- Enrolled Bills
Employees
Architect of the Capitol: Charles Bulfinch
Librarian of Congress: George Watterston
Senate
Chaplain: William Staughton (Baptist), elected December 10, 1823
Charles P. McIlvaine (Episcopalian), elected December 14, 1824
Secretary: Charles Cutts
Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly
House of Representatives
Chaplain: Henry B. Bascom (Methodist) elected December 1, 1823
Reuben Post (Presbyterian) elected December 6, 1824
Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke
Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch
Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]
Sergeant at Arms: Thomas Dunn, elected December 1, 1823, died
John O. Dunn, elected December 6, 1824
See also
United States elections, 1822 (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States Senate elections, 1822 and 1823
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1822
United States elections, 1824 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
- United States presidential election, 1824
- United States Senate elections, 1824 and 1825
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1824
References
^ Schwarz, Frederic D. (February–March 2000). "1825 One Hundred And Seventy-five Years Ago". American Heritage. Rockville, Maryland: American Heritage Publishing. 51 (1). Retrieved March 18, 2017..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists