27th United States Congress
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27th United States Congress | |
---|---|
26th ← → 28th | |
United States Capitol (1846) | |
March 4, 1841 – March 4, 1843 | |
Senate President | John Tyler (W) until April 4, 1841 Vacant from April 4, 1841 |
Senate Pres. pro tem | William R. King (D) Samuel L. Southard (W) Willie P. Mangum (W) |
House Speaker | John White (W) |
Members | 52 senators 242 representatives 3 non-voting delegates |
Senate Majority | Whig |
House Majority | Whig |
Sessions | |
Special: March 4, 1841 – March 15, 1841 1st: May 31, 1841 – September 13, 1841 2nd: December 6, 1841 – August 31, 1842 3rd: December 5, 1842 – March 3, 1843 (lame duck) |
The Twenty-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. between March 4, 1841, and March 4, 1843, during the one-month administration of U.S. President William Henry Harrison and the first two years of the presidency of his successor, John Tyler. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fifth Census of the United States in 1830. Both chambers had a Whig majority.
Contents
1 Major events
2 Major legislation
3 Treaties
4 Party summary
4.1 Senate
4.2 House of Representatives
5 Leadership
5.1 Senate
5.2 House of Representatives
6 Members
6.1 Senate
6.1.1 Alabama
6.1.2 Arkansas
6.1.3 Connecticut
6.1.4 Delaware
6.1.5 Georgia
6.1.6 Illinois
6.1.7 Indiana
6.1.8 Kentucky
6.1.9 Louisiana
6.1.10 Maine
6.1.11 Maryland
6.1.12 Massachusetts
6.1.13 Michigan
6.1.14 Mississippi
6.1.15 Missouri
6.1.16 New Hampshire
6.1.17 New Jersey
6.1.18 New York
6.1.19 North Carolina
6.1.20 Ohio
6.1.21 Pennsylvania
6.1.22 Rhode Island
6.1.23 South Carolina
6.1.24 Tennessee
6.1.25 Vermont
6.1.26 Virginia
6.2 House of Representatives
6.2.1 Alabama
6.2.2 Arkansas
6.2.3 Connecticut
6.2.4 Delaware
6.2.5 Georgia
6.2.6 Illinois
6.2.7 Indiana
6.2.8 Kentucky
6.2.9 Louisiana
6.2.10 Maine
6.2.11 Maryland
6.2.12 Massachusetts
6.2.13 Michigan
6.2.14 Mississippi
6.2.15 Missouri
6.2.16 New Hampshire
6.2.17 New Jersey
6.2.18 New York
6.2.19 North Carolina
6.2.20 Ohio
6.2.21 Pennsylvania
6.2.22 Rhode Island
6.2.23 South Carolina
6.2.24 Tennessee
6.2.25 Vermont
6.2.26 Virginia
6.2.27 Non-voting members
7 Changes in membership
7.1 Senate
7.2 House of Representatives
8 Committees
8.1 Senate
8.2 House of Representatives
8.3 Joint committees
9 Employees
9.1 Senate
9.2 House of Representatives
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Major events
- March 4, 1841: William Henry Harrison was inaugurated as President of the United States
- April 4, 1841: President Harrison died and Vice President John Tyler became President
- August 16, 1841: President Tyler's veto of a bill to re-establish the Second Bank of the United States led Whig Party members to riot outside the White House in the most violent demonstration on White House grounds in U.S. history.
- May 19, 1842: Dorr Rebellion
Major legislation
- April 19, 1841: Bankruptcy Act of 1841, ch. 9, 5 Stat. 440
- September 4, 1841: Preemption Act of 1841, ch. 16, 5 Stat. 453
- August 4, 1842: Armed Occupation Act, 5 Stat. 502
- August 30, 1842: Tariff of 1842 ("Black Tariff"), ch. 270, 5 Stat. 548
Treaties
- August 9, 1842: Webster-Ashburton Treaty signed, establishing the United States–Canada border east of the Rocky Mountains.
Party summary
Senate
Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic (D) | Whig (W) | |||
End of the previous congress | 30 | 20 | 50 | 0 |
Begin | 22 | 29 | 51 | 1 |
End | 20 | 49 | 3 | |
Final voting share | 7001408009999900000♠40.8% | 7001592000000000000♠59.2% | ||
Beginning of the next congress | 22 | 26 | 48 | 4 |
House of Representatives
Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Independent Democratic | States Rights Whig | Whig | Other | Vacant | ||
End of previous Congress | 124 | 0 | 0 | 111 | 2 | 242 | 0 |
Begin | 97 | 1 | 1 | 142 | 0 | 241 | 1 |
End | 100 | 139 | |||||
Final voting share | 41.5% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 57.7% | 0.0% | ||
Beginning of next Congress | 147 | 1 | 0 | 72 | 3 | 223 | 0 |
Leadership
Senate
President: John Tyler (W), until April 4, 1841, thereafter vacant
Presidents pro tempore: William R. King (D), elected March 4, 1841
Samuel L. Southard) (W), elected March 11, 1841
Willie P. Mangum (W), elected May 31, 1842
House of Representatives
Speaker: John D. White (W)
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
- Skip to House of Representatives, below
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1844; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1846; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1842.
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House of Representatives
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Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- replacements: 9
Democrats: no net change
Whigs: no net change
- deaths: 2
- resignations: 8
- interim appointments: 0
- vacancy: 1
- Total seats with changes: 10
State (class) | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alabama (3) | Clement C. Clay (D) | Resigned November 15, 1841 | Arthur P. Bagby (D) | Elected November 24, 1841 |
Rhode Island (1) | Nathan F. Dixon (W) | Died January 29, 1842 | William Sprague (W) | Elected February 18, 1842 |
Tennessee (1) | Alfred O. P. Nicholson (D) | Resigned February 7, 1842 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
New Hampshire (3) | Franklin Pierce (D) | Resigned February 28, 1842 | Leonard Wilcox (D) | Appointed March 1, 1842, and subsequently elected |
Louisiana (3) | Alexandre Mouton (D) | Resigned March 1, 1842, after being elected Governor of Louisiana | Charles M. Conrad (W) | Appointed April 14, 1842 |
Kentucky (3) | Henry Clay (W) | Resigned March 31, 1842 | John J. Crittenden (W) | Appointed March 31, 1842, and subsequently elected |
Vermont (3) | Samuel Prentiss (W) | Resigned April 11, 1842, to become judge of the U.S. District Court of Vermont | Samuel C. Crafts (W) | Appointed April 23, 1842, and subsequently elected |
New Jersey (1) | Samuel L. Southard (W) | Died June 26, 1842 | William L. Dayton (W) | Appointed July 2, 1842 |
South Carolina (3) | William C. Preston (W) | Resigned November 29, 1842 | George McDuffie (D) | Elected December 23, 1842 |
Maine (1) | Reuel Williams (D) | Resigned February 15, 1843 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
House of Representatives
- replacements: 17
Democrats: 3 seat net gain
Whigs: 3 seat net loss
- deaths: 8
- resignations: 12
- contested election: 1
- Total seats with changes: 20
District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maine 4th | Vacant | Rep. George Evans resigned in previous congress | David Bronson (W) | Seated May 31, 1841 |
New York 26th | Francis Granger (W) | Resigned March 5, 1841, after being appointed United States Postmaster General | John Greig (W) | Seated May 21, 1841 |
Massachusetts 5th | Levi Lincoln, Jr. (W) | Resigned March 16, 1841, after being appointed Collector of the port of Boston | Charles Hudson (W) | Seated May 3, 1841 |
Pennsylvania 20th | Enos Hook (D) | Resigned April 18, 1841 | Henry W. Beeson (D) | Seated May 31, 1841 |
Pennsylvania 18th | Charles Ogle (W) | Died May 10, 1841 | Henry Black (W) | Seated June 28, 1841 |
Pennsylvania 2nd | John Sergeant (W) | Resigned September 15, 1841 | Joseph R. Ingersoll (W) | Seated October 12, 1841 |
New York 26th | John Greig (W) | Resigned September 25, 1841 | Francis Granger (W) | Seated November 27, 1841 |
Georgia At-large | Julius C. Alford (W) | Resigned October 1, 1841 | Edward J. Black (D) | Seated January 3, 1842 |
Georgia At-large | Eugenius A. Nisbet (W) | Resigned October 12, 1841 | Mark A. Cooper (D) | Seated January 3, 1842 |
Georgia At-large | William C. Dawson (W) | Resigned November 13, 1841 | Walter T. Colquitt (D) | Seated January 3, 1842 |
Pennsylvania 18th | Henry Black (W) | Died November 28, 1841 | James M. Russell (W) | Seated December 21, 1841 |
Virginia 13th | Linn Banks (D) | Lost contested election December 6, 1841 | William Smith (D) | Seated December 6, 1841 |
Pennsylvania 17th | Davis Dimock, Jr. (D) | Died January 13, 1842 | Almon H. Read (D) | Seated March 18, 1842 |
North Carolina 13th | Lewis Williams (W) | Died February 23, 1842 | Anderson Mitchell (W) | Seated April 27, 1842 |
Ohio 16th | Joshua R. Giddings (W) | Resigned March 22, 1842, after vote of his censure and re-elected to same seat | Joshua R. Giddings (W) | Seated December 5, 1842 |
Pennsylvania 21st | Joseph Lawrence (W) | Died April 17, 1842 | Thomas M. T. McKennan (W) | Seated May 30, 1842 |
Massachusetts 1st | Robert C. Winthrop (W) | Resigned May 25, 1842 | Nathan Appleton (W) | Seated June 9, 1842 |
Massachusetts 9th | William S. Hastings (W) | Died June 17, 1842 | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |
South Carolina 4th | Sampson H. Butler (D) | Resigned September 27, 1842 | Samuel W. Trotti (D) | Seated December 17, 1842 |
Massachusetts 1st | Nathan Appleton (W) | Resigned September 28, 1842 | Robert C. Winthrop (W) | Seated November 29, 1842 |
Georgia At-large | Richard W. Habersham (W) | Died December 2, 1842 | George W. Crawford (W) | Seated January 7, 1843 |
Maryland 3rd | James W. Williams (D) | Died December 2, 1842 | Charles S. Sewall (D) | Seated January 2, 1843 |
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
- Agriculture
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
- Claims
- Commerce
Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)- District of Columbia
- Finance
Fiscal Corporation of the United States (Select)- Foreign Relations
- Indian Affairs
- Judiciary
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Militia
- Naval Affairs
- Patents and the Patent Office
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Printing
- Private Land Claims
- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Public Lands
- Revolutionary Claims
- Roads and Canals
Tariff Regulation (Select)- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts
- Agriculture
Apportionment of Representatives (Select)- Claims
- Commerce
- District of Columbia
- Elections
- Expenditures in the Navy Department
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department
- Expenditures in the State Department
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department
- Expenditures in the War Department
- Expenditures on Public Buildings
- Foreign Affairs
- Indian Affairs
- Invalid Pensions
- Manufactures
Memorial of the Agricultural Bank of Mississippi (Select)- Mileage
- Military Affairs
- Militia
- Naval Affairs
- Patents
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Public Expenditures
- Public Lands
- Revisal and Unfinished Business
- Revolutionary Claims
- Roads and Canals
Rules (Select)- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
- Enrolled Bills
Employees
Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan
Senate
Secretary: Asbury Dickens of North Carolina elected December 12, 1836
Sergeant at Arms:
Stephen Haight of New York, elected September 4, 1837
Edward Dyer of Maryland, elected March 8, 1841
Chaplain:
George G. Cookman, Methodist, elected December 31, 1839
Septimus Tustin, Presbyterian, elected June 12, 1841
House of Representatives
Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke of Pennsylvania, elected May 31, 1841
Sergeant at Arms: Eleazor M. Townsend of Connecticut, elected June 8, 1841
Doorkeeper: Joseph Follansbee of Massachusetts, elected June 8, 1841
Postmaster: William J. McCormick, elected June 8, 1841
Chaplain:
John W. French, Episcopalian, elected May 31, 1841
John N. Maffit, Methodist, elected December 6, 1841
Frederick T. Tiffany, Episcopalian, elected December 5, 1842
Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]
See also
United States elections, 1840 (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States presidential election, 1840
- United States Senate elections, 1840 and 1841
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1840
United States elections, 1842 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
- United States Senate elections, 1842 and 1843
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1842
References
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
Congressional Directory for the 27th Congress, 1st Session.