68th United States Congress
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| 68th United States Congress | |
|---|---|
67th ← → 69th | |
 United States Capitol (1906) | |
| March 4, 1923 – March 4, 1925 | |
| Senate President | Calvin Coolidge (R) until August 2, 1923 Vacant from August 2, 1923 |
| Senate Pres. pro tem | Albert B. Cummins (R) |
| House Speaker | Frederick H. Gillett (R) |
| Members | 96 senators 435 representatives 5 non-voting delegates |
| Senate Majority | Republican |
| House Majority | Republican |
| Sessions | |
1st: December 3, 1923 – June 7, 1924 2nd: December 1, 1924 – March 3, 1925 | |
The Sixty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1923, to March 4, 1925, during the last months of Warren G. Harding's presidency, and the first years of the administration of his successor, Calvin Coolidge. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Thirteenth Decennial Census of the United States in 1910. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
Contents
1 Major events
2 Major legislation
3 Constitutional amendments
4 Party summary
4.1 Senate
4.2 House of Representatives
5 Leadership
5.1 Senate
5.1.1 Majority (Republican) leadership
5.1.2 Minority (Democratic) leadership
5.2 House of Representatives
5.2.1 Majority (Republican) leadership
5.2.2 Minority (Democratic) leadership
6 Members
6.1 Senate
6.1.1 Alabama
6.1.2 Arizona
6.1.3 Arkansas
6.1.4 California
6.1.5 Colorado
6.1.6 Connecticut
6.1.7 Delaware
6.1.8 Florida
6.1.9 Georgia
6.1.10 Idaho
6.1.11 Illinois
6.1.12 Indiana
6.1.13 Iowa
6.1.14 Kansas
6.1.15 Kentucky
6.1.16 Louisiana
6.1.17 Maine
6.1.18 Maryland
6.1.19 Massachusetts
6.1.20 Michigan
6.1.21 Minnesota
6.1.22 Mississippi
6.1.23 Missouri
6.1.24 Montana
6.1.25 Nebraska
6.1.26 Nevada
6.1.27 New Hampshire
6.1.28 New Jersey
6.1.29 New Mexico
6.1.30 New York
6.1.31 North Carolina
6.1.32 North Dakota
6.1.33 Ohio
6.1.34 Oklahoma
6.1.35 Oregon
6.1.36 Pennsylvania
6.1.37 Rhode Island
6.1.38 South Carolina
6.1.39 South Dakota
6.1.40 Tennessee
6.1.41 Texas
6.1.42 Utah
6.1.43 Vermont
6.1.44 Virginia
6.1.45 Washington
6.1.46 West Virginia
6.1.47 Wisconsin
6.1.48 Wyoming
6.2 House of Representatives
6.2.1 Alabama
6.2.2 Arizona
6.2.3 Arkansas
6.2.4 California
6.2.5 Colorado
6.2.6 Connecticut
6.2.7 Delaware
6.2.8 Florida
6.2.9 Georgia
6.2.10 Idaho
6.2.11 Illinois
6.2.12 Indiana
6.2.13 Iowa
6.2.14 Kansas
6.2.15 Kentucky
6.2.16 Louisiana
6.2.17 Maine
6.2.18 Maryland
6.2.19 Massachusetts
6.2.20 Michigan
6.2.21 Minnesota
6.2.22 Mississippi
6.2.23 Missouri
6.2.24 Montana
6.2.25 Nebraska
6.2.26 Nevada
6.2.27 New Hampshire
6.2.28 New Jersey
6.2.29 New Mexico
6.2.30 New York
6.2.31 North Carolina
6.2.32 North Dakota
6.2.33 Ohio
6.2.34 Oklahoma
6.2.35 Oregon
6.2.36 Pennsylvania
6.2.37 Rhode Island
6.2.38 South Carolina
6.2.39 South Dakota
6.2.40 Tennessee
6.2.41 Texas
6.2.42 Utah
6.2.43 Vermont
6.2.44 Virginia
6.2.45 Washington
6.2.46 West Virginia
6.2.47 Wisconsin
6.2.48 Wyoming
6.2.49 Non-voting members
7 Changes in membership
7.1 Senate
7.2 House of Representatives
8 Committees
8.1 Senate
8.2 House of Representatives
8.3 Joint committees
9 Caucuses
10 Employees
10.1 Senate
10.2 House of Representatives
11 See also
12 References
13 External links
Major events
- August 2, 1923 – President Warren Harding died. Vice President Calvin Coolidge became President of the United States
Major legislation
- September 22, 1923: U.S. Coal Commission Act
- April 26, 1924: Seed and Feed Loan Act
- May 19, 1924: World War Adjusted Compensation Act (Bonus Bill), Sess. 1, ch. 157, 43 Stat. 121
- May 24, 1924: Rogers Act
- May 26, 1924: Immigration Act of 1924 (Johnson–Reed Act), Sess. 1, ch. 190, 43 Stat. 153
- May 29, 1924: Indian Oil Leasing Act of 1924 (Lenroot Act)
- June 2, 1924: Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 (Snyder Act), Sess. 1, ch. 233, 43 Stat. 253
- June 2, 1924: Revenue Act of 1924 (Simmons–Longworth Act), Sess. 1, ch. 234, 43 Stat. 253
- June 3, 1924: Inland Waterways Act of 1924 (Denison Act)
- June 7, 1924: Pueblo Lands Act of 1924
- June 7, 1924: Oil Pollution Act of 1924, Pub.L. 68–238, ch. 316, 43 Stat. 604
- June 7, 1924: Clarke–McNary Act, Sess. 1, ch. 348, 43 Stat. 653
- January 30, 1925: Hoch–Smith Resolution
- January 31, 1925: Special Duties Act
- February 2, 1925: Airmail Act of 1925 (Kelly Act)
- February 12, 1925: Federal Arbitration Act
- February 16, 1925: Home Port Act of 1925
- February 24, 1925: Purnell Act
- February 27, 1925: Temple Act
- February 28, 1925: Classification Act of 1925
- February 28, 1925: Federal Corrupt Practices Act (Gerry Act)
- March 2, 1925: Judiciary Act of 1925
- March 3, 1925: River and Harbors Act of 1925
- March 3, 1925: Helium Act of 1925
- March 4, 1925: Establishment of the United States Navy Band
- March 4, 1925: Probation Act of 1925
Constitutional amendments
- June 2, 1924: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution that would specifically authorize Congress to regulate "labor of persons under eighteen years of age", and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification[1]
- This amendment, commonly known as the Child Labor Amendment, has not been ratified and is still pending before the states.[2]
- This amendment, commonly known as the Child Labor Amendment, has not been ratified and is still pending before the states.[2]
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section??.?%
Senate
| Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic (D) | Farmer–Labor (FL) | Republican (R) | |||
| End of the previous congress | 37 | 0 | 59 | 96 | 0 |
| Begin | 42 | 1 | 53 | 96 | 0 |
| End | 2 | 52 | |||
| Final voting share | 7001438000000000000♠43.8% | 7000210000000000000♠2.1% | 7001542000000000000♠54.2% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 40 | 1 | 55 | 96 | 0 |
House of Representatives
| Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Democratic | Farmer–Labor | Socialist | Vacant | ||
| End of the previous Congress | 302 | 131 | 0 | 1 | 435 | 0 |
| Begin | 225 | 207 | 2 | 1 | 435 | 0 |
| End | ?? | ?? | ?? | ?? | ?? | ?? |
| Final voting share | ??.?% | ??.?% | ??.?% | ??.?% | ||
| Beginning of the next Congress | 247 | 183 | 3 | 1 | 435 | 0 |
Leadership
President of the Senate Calvin Coolidge
Senate
President: Calvin Coolidge (R), until August 3, 1923; vacant thereafter.
President pro tempore: Albert B. Cummins (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership
Majority leader: Charles Curtis
Majority whip: Wesley L. Jones
Republican Conference Secretary: James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr.
Minority (Democratic) leadership
Minority leader: Joseph T. Robinson
Minority whip: Peter G. Gerry
Democratic Caucus Secretary: William H. King
House of Representatives
Speaker: Frederick H. Gillett (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership
Majority leader: Nicholas Longworth
Majority Whip: Albert H. Vestal
Republican Conference Chair: Sydney Anderson
Minority (Democratic) leadership
Minority Leader: Finis J. Garrett
Minority Whip: William Allan Oldfield
Democratic Caucus Chairman: Henry Thomas Rainey
Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Arthur B. Rouse
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.
- Skip to House of Representatives, below
Senate
Senators were elected every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1928; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1924; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1926.
|
|  Senate composition, by party  President pro tempore Albert B. Cummins  Majority leader Henry Cabot Lodge  Minority leader Joseph T. Robinson  Majority Leader Nicholas Longworth |
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by their district numbers.
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Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- replacements: 7
Democratic: 1 seat net gain
Republican: 2 seat net loss
Farmer–Labor: 1 seat net gain
- deaths: 7
- resignations: 0
- vacancy: 0
- Total seats with changes: 8
| State | Senator | Reason for Vacancy | Successor | Date of Successor's Installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Colorado (3) | Samuel D. Nicholson (R) | Died March 24, 1923. Successor was appointed. | Alva B. Adams (D) | May 17, 1923 |
Minnesota (2) | Knute Nelson (R) | Died April 28, 1923. Successor was elected. | Magnus Johnson (FL) | July 16, 1923 |
Vermont (3) | William P. Dillingham (R) | Died July 12, 1923. Successor was elected. | Porter H. Dale (R) | November 7, 1923 |
Rhode Island (2) | LeBaron Bradford Colt (R) | Died August 18, 1924. Successor was elected. | Jesse H. Metcalf (R) | November 5, 1924 |
Connecticut (3) | Frank B. Brandegee (R) | Died October 14, 1924. Successor was elected. | Hiram Bingham III (R) | January 8, 1925[3] |
Massachusetts (1) | Henry Cabot Lodge (R) | Died November 9, 1924. Successor was appointed. | William M. Butler (R) | November 13, 1924 |
Colorado (3) | Alva B. Adams (D) | Interim appointment. Successor was elected. Served until November 30, 1924. | Rice W. Means (R) | December 1, 1924 |
Illinois (2) | Joseph M. McCormick (R) | Died February 25, 1925. Successor was appointed, having already been elected to the next term. | Charles S. Deneen (R) | February 26, 1925 |
House of Representatives
- replacements: 22
Democratic: 1 seat net gain
Republican: 1 seat net loss
- deaths: 15
- resignations: 6
- contested election: 0
- Total seats with changes: 24
| District | Vacator | Reason for Vacancy | Successor | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Illinois 2nd | Vacant | Rep. James R. Mann died during previous congress | Morton D. Hull (R) | April 3, 1923 |
California 10th | Vacant | Rep. Henry Z. Osborne died during previous congress | John D. Fredericks (R) | May 1, 1923 |
New York 16th | Vacant | Rep. William Bourke Cockran died during previous congress | John J. O'Connor (D) | November 6, 1923 |
Alabama 2nd | John R. Tyson (D) | Died March 27, 1923 | Lister Hill (D) | August 14, 1923 |
Michigan 3rd | John M. C. Smith (R) | Died March 30, 1923 | Arthur B. Williams (R) | June 19, 1923 |
Iowa 8th | Horace M. Towner (R) | Resigned April 1, 1923, after being appointed Governor of Puerto Rico | Hiram K. Evans (R) | June 4, 1923 |
New York 11th | Daniel J. Riordan (D) | Died April 28, 1923 | Anning S. Prall (D) | November 6, 1923 |
Illinois 4th | John W. Rainey (D) | Died May 4, 1923 | Thomas A. Doyle (D) | November 6, 1923 |
Arkansas 6th | Lewis E. Sawyer (D) | Died May 5, 1923 | James B. Reed (D) | October 6, 1923 |
Washington 5th | J. Stanley Webster (R) | Resigned May 8, 1923, after being appointed to United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington | Samuel B. Hill (D) | September 25, 1923 |
North Carolina 2nd | Claude Kitchin (D) | Died May 31, 1923 | John H. Kerr (D) | November 6, 1923 |
New York 32nd | Luther W. Mott (R) | Died July 10, 1923 | Thaddeus C. Sweet (R) | November 6, 1923 |
Vermont 2nd | Porter H. Dale (R) | Resigned August 11, 1923, after becoming a candidate for the US Senate | Ernest Willard Gibson (R) | November 6, 1923 |
Kentucky 7th | J. Campbell Cantrill (D) | Died September 2, 1923 | Joseph W. Morris (D) | November 30, 1923 |
New York 24th | James V. Ganly (D) | Died September 7, 1923 | Benjamin L. Fairchild (R) | November 6, 1923 |
Mississippi 3rd | Benjamin G. Humphreys II (D) | Died October 16, 1923 | William Y. Humphreys (D) | November 27, 1923 |
Kentucky 9th | William J. Fields (D) | Resigned December 11, 1923 | Fred M. Vinson (D) | January 24, 1924 |
Louisiana 2nd | H. Garland Dupré (D) | Died February 21, 1924 | James Z. Spearing (D) | April 22, 1924 |
Illinois 14th | William J. Graham (R) | Resigned June 7, 1924, after being appointed to the United States Court of Customs Appeals | Seat remained vacant until next Congress | |
Kansas 2nd | Edward C. Little (R) | Died June 27, 1924 | Ulysses S. Guyer (R) | November 4, 1924 |
North Dakota 2nd | George M. Young (R) | Resigned September 2, 1924, after being appointed to the Board of General Appraisers | Thomas Hall (R) | November 4, 1924 |
Massachusetts 15th | William S. Greene (R) | Died September 22, 1924 | Robert M. Leach (R) | November 4, 1924 |
Maryland 5th | Sydney E. Mudd II (R) | Died October 11, 1924 | Stephen W. Gambrill (D) | November 4, 1924 |
California 4th | Julius Kahn (R) | Died December 18, 1924 | Seat remained vacant until next Congress | |
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (5 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
Senate
- Agriculture and Forestry
- Appropriations
Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty (Select)- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
- Banking and Currency
Campaign Expenditures (Special)
Charges against Burton K. Wheeler (Select)- Civil Service
- Claims
- Commerce
- District of Columbia
- Education and Labor
- Enrolled Bills
- Expenditures in Executive Departments
- Finance
- Foreign Relations
- Immigration
- Immigration and Naturalization
- Indian Affairs
Internal Revenue Bureau (Select)- Interoceanic Canals
- Interstate Commerce
- Judiciary
- Library
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Mines and Mining
- Naval Affairs
Nine Foot Channel from the Great Lakes to the Gulf (Select)- Patents
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Printing
- Privileges and Elections
Propaganda Affecting Taxation and Soldiers' Bonus (Select)- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Public Lands and Surveys
Reforestation (Select)- Revision of the Laws
- Rules
- Territories and Insular Possessions
Veterans Bureau Investigation (Select)
War Finance Corporation Loans (Select)- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts
- Agriculture
Air Services (Select)- Alcoholic Liquor Traffic
- Appropriations
- Banking and Currency
- Census
- Civil Service
- Claims
- Coinage, Weights and Measures
- Disposition of Executive Papers
- District of Columbia
- Education
- Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress
- Elections
- Enrolled Bills
- Expenditures in the Agriculture Department
- Expenditures in the Commerce Department
- Expenditures in the Interior Department
- Expenditures in the Justice Department
- Expenditures in the Labor Department
- Expenditures in the Navy Department
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department
- Expenditures in the State Department
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department
- Expenditures in the War Department
- Expenditures on Public Buildings
- Flood Control
- Foreign Affairs
- Immigration and Naturalization
- Indian Affairs
- Industrial Arts and Expositions
- Insular Affairs
- Interstate and Foreign Commerce
- Invalid Pensions
- Irrigation of Arid Lands
- Labor
- Merchant Marine and Fisheries
- Mileage
- Military Affairs
- Mines and Mining
- Naval Affairs
- Patents
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Public Lands
- Railways and Canals
- Reform in the Civil Service
- Revision of Laws
- Rivers and Harbors
- Roads
- Rules
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories
- War Claims
- Ways and Means
- Woman Suffrage
- Whole
Joint committees
- Banking and Currency
Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)- Determine what Employment may be Furnished Federal Prisoners
- Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
- Federal Reserve System
- Investigate Congressional Salaries
- Investigation of Northern Pacific Railroad Land Grants
- Postal Service
- Reorganization
- Reorganization of the Administrative Branch of the Government
Caucuses
Democratic (House)
Democratic (Senate)
Employees
Architect of the Capitol:
Elliott Woods, until May 22, 1923
David Lynn, from August 22, 1923
Comptroller General of the United States: John R. McCarl
Librarian of Congress: Herbert Putnam
Public Printer of the United States: George H. Carter
Senate
Chaplain: John J. Muir Baptist
Secretary: George A. Sanderson of Illinois
Sergeant at Arms: David S. Barry of Rhode Island
House of Representatives
Chaplain: James S. Montgomery Methodist, elected April 11, 1921
Clerk: William T. Page of Maryland, elected December 5, 1923
Doorkeeper: Bert W. Kennedy of Michigan, elected December 5, 1923
Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Lehr Fess
Reading Clerks: Patrick Joseph Haltigan (D) and N/A (R)
Postmaster of the House: Frank W. Collier of Wisconsin, elected December 5, 1923
Sergeant at Arms: Joseph G. Rodgers of Pennsylvania, elected December 5, 1923
See also
United States elections, 1922 (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States Senate elections, 1922
- United States Senate elections, 1923
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1922
United States elections, 1924 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
- United States presidential election, 1924
- United States Senate elections, 1924 and 1925
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1924
References
^ Huckabee, David C. (September 30, 1997). "Ratification of Amendments to the U.S. Constitution" (PDF). Congressional Research Service reports. Washington D.C.: Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ "Four amendments that almost made it into the constitution". Constitution Daily. Philadelphia: The National Constitution Center. March 23, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
^ "A chronological list of senators since the First Congress in 1789" (PDF). United States Senate.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
Official Congressional Directory for the 68th Congress, 1st Session.
Official Congressional Directory for the 68th Congress, 1st Session (Revision).
Official Congressional Directory for the 68th Congress, 2nd Session.
Official Congressional Directory for the 68th Congress, 2nd Session (1st Revision).
Official Congressional Directory for the 68th Congress, 2nd Session (2nd Revision).
