Charles Schepens







Human eye cross-sectional view. Courtesy NIH National Eye Institute.


Charles Louis Schepens (March 13, 1912 - March 28, 2006)[1] was an influential Belgian (later American) ophthalmologist, regarded by many in the profession as "the father of modern retinal surgery",[2][3] and member of the French Resistance.




Contents






  • 1 Early life: medical training and member of the French Resistance


  • 2 Ophthalmologist, retinal specialist, and inventor


  • 3 Awards and recognition


  • 4 References


  • 5 External links





Early life: medical training and member of the French Resistance


Schepens was born in Mouscron, Belgium in 1912;[2] his father was a physician.[4] He initially studied mathematics before graduating from medical school in 1935 at State University of Ghent in Belgium.[2][3] Schepens then trained in ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London, England prior to World War II.[2][3] After the Germans invaded Belgium in 1940, he became a medical officer in the Belgian Air Force[3]


After the fall of Belgium, Schepens escaped to France where he became active in the French Resistance smuggling documents and people over the Pyrenees to Spain during 1942 and 1943.[3] Schepens was twice captured by the Gestapo.[3] He worked under the alias of Jacques Perot, a lumber mill operator in the French Basque village of Mendive.[5] Aware that the Germans had learned of the operation, he escaped to England.[5]



Ophthalmologist, retinal specialist, and inventor


After the war, Schepens resumed his medical career at Moorfields.[3] In 1947, he immigrated to the United States and became a fellow at the Harvard Medical School.[3] Schepens is credited for creating the vitreo-retinal subspecialty in ophthalmology.[2] In 1949, he established the world's first retina service and first retinal disease fellowship at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary.[2][3] He founded a research laboratory for the investigation of retinal disease, the Retina Foundation, in 1950. Now known as the Schepens Eye Research Institute [1], it is affiliated with Harvard[3] and the Massachusetts General Hospital. It has grown from 6 staff initially to 200 as of 2006,[6] and at that time was the largest independent eye research organization in the United States. In 2011, the institute combined with the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary.[7]


In 1967, Schepens founded The Retina Society and was its first president from 1968 to 1969.[2]


Schepens invented the binocular indirect ophthalmoscope (BIO), which is routinely used to look at the retina. His original BIO is now in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution.[2] It has been reported that Schepens assembled the prototype for his BIO from metal scraps collected from the streets of London during the German blitz.[8] He was also a pioneer of surgical techniques such as scleral buckling for the repair of retinal detachments. The use of these techniques has raised the success of retinal reattachment surgery from 40% to 90%.[3] During his career, Schepens wrote four books and over 340 research papers.[3]



Awards and recognition


In 1999, Schepens was chosen by the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery as one of the ten most influential ophthalmologists of the century.[3] The American Academy of Ophthalmology named him as one of their inaugural laureates in 2003 as recognition for his contribution to the field.[3] In 2006, his earlier heroics were also rewarded when the consul general of France presented him the French Legion of Honour award for smuggling over 100 people from France into Spain.[5]


His life's story has been told in Meg Ostrum's 2004 book, "The Surgeon and the Shepherd: Two Resistance Heroes in Vichy France".[9] In 2006, Schepens died of a stroke at the age of 94.[5]


In 2013, a biographical profile of Dr. Schepens was included in a bestselling book called Saving Sight: An eye surgeon's look at life behind the mask and the heroes who changed the way we see, by Andrew Lam (author), M.D.[10]



References





  1. ^ Thiery M (2008). "Charles Louis Schepens (1912-2006) en het criswick-schepenssyndroom. Tijdschrift boor Geneeskunde". 64 (7): 373..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ abcdefgh "33rd Annual Meeting" (PDF). The Retina Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-21.


  3. ^ abcdefghijklmn American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2003 Laureate Award Archived June 13, 2010, at the Wayback Machine..


  4. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original on January 31, 2005. Retrieved 2006-04-07.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)


  5. ^ abcd "War-hero eye surgeon dies at 94". Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. IrishExaminer.com. 6 April 2006.


  6. ^ New England Ophthalmological Society. ""Charles L. Schepens, M.D."". Archived from the original on October 9, 2007. Retrieved 2006-04-06.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) Adapted from NEOS biography by Hal M. Freeman.


  7. ^ Schepens Eye Research Institute. ""History - Schepens Eye Research Institute"". Archived from the original on 2017-10-04. Retrieved 2017-10-04. History - Schepens Eye Research Institute


  8. ^ HistoryWired: A few of our favorite things Archived September 5, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.


  9. ^ Amazon.com: The Surgeon and the Shepherd: Two Resistance Heroes in Vichy France (9780803235731): Martha (Meg) G Ostrum: Books[permanent dead link]


  10. ^ Lam, Andrew. Saving Sight: An eye surgeon's look at life behind the mask and the heroes who changed the way we see (978-1617203794)[permanent dead link] Bokeelia, FL; Irie Books, 2013.




External links



  • Joseph P. Kahn. "The escape artist: For this war hero, discretion was the better part of valor." at the Wayback Machine (archived January 31, 2005) Boston Globe. April 15, 2004.

  • Schepens Eye Research Institute

  • Schepens Retina Associates Foundation

  • Schepens International Society


  • Nahant Lions Club - Charles L. Schepens Award at the Wayback Machine (archived February 6, 2007)









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