(1887-01-23)23 January 1887 Nyíregyháza, Austria-Hungary
Died
14 January 1967(1967-01-14) (aged 79) New York City, New York, United States
Nationality
Hungarian
Political party
Unity Party/Party of National Unity (1929–1935) Independent (1935–1939) Party of Hungarian Life
Spouse(s)
Helén Kállay (1914–1945) Márta Fényes de Csokaly
Children
Kristóf Miklós András
Parents
András Kállay de Nagykálló Vilma Csuha de Eördöghfalva
Profession
Politician
The native form of this personal name is nagykállói Kállay Miklós. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
Dr. Miklós Kállay de Nagykálló (23 January 1887, Nyíregyháza – 14 January 1967, New York City) was a Hungarian politician who served as Prime Minister of Hungary during World War II, from 9 March 1942 to 22 March 1944.
Contents
1Career
2References
3Sources
4External links
Career
The Kállay family was old and influential among the local gentry of their region, and Miklós served as lord lieutenant (ispán) of his county from 1921-29. He then moved on to national government, serving first as deputy under secretary of state for the Ministry of Trade (1929–31) and later as minister of agriculture (1932–35). He resigned in 1935 in protest over the right-wing policies of Prime Minister Gyula Gömbös. He kept out of politics for most of the next decade before Hungarian Regent Miklós Horthy asked him to form a government to reverse the pro-Nazi policies of László Bárdossy in March 1942.
Although Hungary remained allied with Nazi Germany, Kállay and Horthy were conservatives who were unsympathetic to fascism, and Kállay's government refused to participate in the rounding up of Jews and other activities desired by the Nazis. The government also allowed the left-wing opposition (except for the Communists) to function without much interference. In foreign affairs, Kállay supported the German war effort against the Soviet Union. However, he made numerous peaceful overtures to the Western Allies, even going as far as to promise to surrender to them unconditionally once they reached Hungary's borders. The Germans finally had enough of their ally's policies and occupied Hungary in March 1944, forcing Horthy to oust Kállay and replace him with the more pliable Döme Sztójay.
Kállay was able to evade the Nazis at first, but he was eventually captured and sent first to the Dachau concentration camp and later to Mauthausen. In late April 1945 he was transferred to Tyrol together with other prominent concentration camp inmates, where the SS left the prisoners behind. He was liberated by the Fifth U.S. Army on 5 May 1945.[1]
In 1946 he went into exile, finally settling in the United States in 1951. In 1954, he published his memoirs, Hungarian Premier: A Personal Account of a Nation's Struggle in the Second World War.[citation needed]
References
^georg-elser-arbeitskreis.de (German) Archived 14 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Sources
Antal Ullein-Reviczky, Guerre Allemande, Paix Russe: Le Drame Hongrois. Neuchatel: Editions de la Baconniere, 1947.
Nicholas Kállay, Hungarian premier: a personal account of a nation's struggle in the second world war; forew. by C. A. Macartney, New York : Columbia Univ. P., 1954.
C A Macartney, October Fifteenth: A History of Modern Hungary, 1929–1945, 2 vols, Edinburgh University Press 1956-7.
György Ránki, Unternehmen Margarethe: Die deutsche Besetzung Ungarns, Böhlau, 1984.
Ignac Romsics, Hungary in the Twentieth Century, Budapest: Corvina, 1999.
Antal Ullein-Reviczky, " German War, Russian Peace: The Hungarian Tragedy". Translated by Lovice Mária Ullein-Reviczky. Reno, NV. Helena History Press, 2014.
External links
Newspaper clippings about Miklós Kállay in the 20th Century Press Archives of the German National Library of Economics (ZBW)
Political offices
Preceded by Emil Purgly
Minister of Agriculture 1932–1935
Succeeded by Kálmán Darányi
Preceded by Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer Acting
Prime Minister of Hungary 1942–1944
Succeeded by Döme Sztójay
Minister of Foreign Affairs 1942–1943
Succeeded by Jenő Ghyczy
v
t
e
Prime Ministers of Hungary
List
by length of term
graphical
records
Revolution of 1848
Batthyány
(Récsey)
Kossuth
Szemere
Kingdom (1867–1918)
Andrássy
Lónyay
Szlávy
Bittó
Wenckheim
K. Tisza
Szapáry
Wekerle
Bánffy
Széll
Khuen-Héderváry
I. Tisza
Fejérváry
Wekerle
Khuen-Héderváry
Lukács
I. Tisza
Esterházy
Wekerle
Hadik
First Republic
M. Károlyi
Berinkey
Soviet Republic
Garbai
Peidl
opposed by G. Károlyi
Pattantyús-Ábrahám
Republic (1919–20)
Friedrich
Huszár
Kingdom (1920–1946)
Simonyi-Semadam
Teleki
Bethlen
G. Károlyi
Gömbös
Darányi
Imrédy
Teleki
Keresztes-Fischer
Bárdossy
Keresztes-Fischer
Kállay
Sztójay
Lakatos
Szálasi
Miklós
Tildy
Second Republic
Rákosi
F. Nagy
Rákosi
Dinnyés
Dobi
People's Republic
Dobi
Rákosi
I. Nagy
Hegedüs
I. Nagy
Kádár
Münnich
Kádár
Kállai
Fock
Lázár
Grósz
Németh
Third Republic
Németh
Antall
Boross
Horn
Orbán
Medgyessy
Gyurcsány
Bajnai
Orbán
Italics indicates interim holder.
v
t
e
Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Hungary since 1848
Revolution of 1848
Esterházy
K. Batthyány
Kingdom of Hungary
Festetics
Wenckheim
K. Tisza
Orczy
Szőgyény-Marich
Fejérváry
L. Tisza
Andrássy
Fejérváry
Jósika
D. Bánffy
M. Széchényi
Széll
G. Széchényi
Khuen-Héderváry
I. Tisza
Khuen-Héderváry
Fejérváry
Zichy
Khuen-Héderváry
Lukács
Burián
I. Tisza
Roszner
T. Batthyány
Zichy
Transition period
T. Batthyány
M. Károlyi
Berinkey
Harrer
Kun
Pogány
Kun
Ágoston
Tánczos
Lovászy
Somssich
Regency
Simonyi-Semadam
Teleki
Im. Csáky
Teleki
Gratz
Teleki
M. Bánffy
Daruváry
Bethlen
Scitovszky
Walko
G. Károlyi
Walko
Puky
Gömbös
Kánya
Imrédy
Is. Csáky
Teleki
Bárdossy
Keresztes-Fischer
Kállay
Ghyczy
Sztójay
Hennyey
Transition period
Kemény
Gyöngyösi
Mihályfi
Molnár
Rajk
Communist Hungary
Kállai
Kiss
Molnár
Boldóczki
Horváth
Nagy
Horváth
Sík
Péter
Puja
Várkonyi
Horn
Republic of Hungary
Jeszenszky
Kovács
Martonyi
Kovács
Somogyi
Göncz
Balázs
Martonyi
Navracsics
Szijjártó
v
t
e
Ministers of Agriculture of Hungary since 1848
Revolution of 1848
Klauzál
Batthyány
Kingdom of Hungary
Gorove
Szlávy
Zichy
Bartal
Simonyi
Trefort
Kemény
Széchenyi
Szapáry
A. Bethlen
Fejérváry
Festetics
I. Darányi
Tallián
György
Feilitzsch
I. Darányi
Serényi
Ghillány
Mezőssy
Wekerle
Serényi
Transition period
Buza
Csizmadia
Nyisztor
Hamburger
Vántus (opposed by Kintzig)
Takács
Győry
I. Szabó
Rubinek
Regency
I. Szabó
Mayer
I. Szabó
I. Bethlen
Mayer
Ivády
Purgly
Kállay
K. Darányi
Marschall
Sztranyavszky
Teleki
Bánffy
Jurcsek
Transition period
Pálffy
Im. Nagy
Kovács
Dobi
Bárányos
Á. Szabó
Dobi
Csala
Communist Hungary
Erdei
Hegedüs
Erdei
Matolcsi
Kovács
Dögei
Losonczi
Dimény
Romány
Váncsa
Hütter
Republic of Hungary
F. J. Nagy
Gergátz
J. Szabó
Lakos
F. Nagy
Torgyán
Boros
Vonza
Németh
Gráf
Fazekas
Is. Nagy
Ministers of Agriculture, Industry and Trade (1848-1889)
Subprefecture and commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France Bressuire Subprefecture and commune Chateau de Bressuire and the Eglise Notre-Dame Coat of arms Location of Bressuire Bressuire Show map of France Bressuire Show map of Nouvelle-Aquitaine Coordinates: 46°50′27″N 0°29′14″W / 46.8408°N 0.4872°W / 46.8408; -0.4872 Coordinates: 46°50′27″N 0°29′14″W / 46.8408°N 0.4872°W / 46.8408; -0.4872 Country France Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine Department Deux-Sèvres Arrondissement Bressuire Canton Bressuire Government • Mayor .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal} (2014–20) Jean Michel Bernier Area 1 180.59 km 2 (69.73 sq mi) Population (2014) 2 19,300 • Density 110/km 2 (280/sq mi) Time zone UTC+01:00 (CET) • Summer (DST) UTC+02:00 (CEST) INSEE/Postal code 79049 /79300 Elevation 98–236 m (322–774 ft) (avg. 173 m or 568 ft) 1 French Land Register data, which exclude...
Vorschmack Ukrainian Jewish-style vorschmack served on rye bread Course Hors d'oeuvre Region or state Eastern Europe Associated national cuisine Ashkenazi Jewish, Finnish, German, Ukrainian, Polish, Russian Main ingredients Ground meat and/or fish Cookbook: Vorschmack Media: Vorschmack Vorschmack or forshmak (Yiddish: פֿאָרשמאַק , from archaic German Vorschmack , "foretaste" [1] or "appetizer" [2] ) is an originally East European dish made of salty minced fish or meat. Different variants of this dish are especially common in Ashkenazi Jewish and Finnish cuisine. Some varieties are also known in Russian and Polish cuisine. Contents 1 In Jewish cuisine 2 In Russian cuisine 3 In Polish cuisine 4 In Finnish cuisine 5 See also 6 References In Jewish cuisine According to Gil Marks, the German name points to the possible Germanic origin of this dish. [1] William Pokhlyobkin descr...
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