Fengtian clique

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Fengtian clique
奉系軍閥
Fèng Xì Jūnfá

Flag of Fengtian clique.svg
Flag of Fengtian clique (until December 1928)

Active 1911–1928
Disbanded 1928
Country
Republic of China
Allegiance
Beiyang Government (1911–1927)
Type Warlord faction
Engagements
First Zhili-Fengtian War
Second Zhili-Fengtian War
Northern Expedition
Commanders
Overall commander (1920–1928) Zhang Zuolin
Overall commander (1928–1928) Zhang Xueliang

The Fengtian Clique (simplified Chinese: 奉系军阀; traditional Chinese: 奉系軍閥; pinyin: Fèng Xì Jūnfá) was one of several mutually hostile cliques or factions that split from the Beiyang Clique in the Republic of China's Warlord Era. It was named for Fengtian Province (now Liaoning) and operated from a territorial base comprising the three northeastern provinces that made up Manchuria.[1] Warlord Zhang Zuolin, known as the "Grand Marshal," led the clique with support from Japan.[2] Between 1920 and 1921 the Fengtian Clique exercised control of Beijing jointly with the Zhili Clique.[1] Tensions soon began building between the two, resulting in clashes for control of Beijing known as the First (1922) and Second (1924) Zhili–Fengtian Wars. The power of the Fengtian Clique began to decrease in the midst of the Kuomintang's Northern Expedition. In 1928, while he was retreating North, Zhang Zuolin's Japanese sponsors blew up his train, killing him. After the assassination, his son, Zhang Xueliang, took over the leadership of the clique, later pledging himself and his army to the Kuomintang government in Nanking. The Northeastern Army was built after unification.[1]



Fengtian commanders




Zhang Zongchang's commanding Zhili-Lu allied army artillery.




  • Zhang Zuolin - Overall Fengtian commander


  • Zhang Xueliang - Heir to Zhang Zuolin, commander of the Fengtian Air Force


  • Zhang Zongchang - Ruler of Shandong, commander of the Shandong Army


  • Wu Junsheng - Commander of Fengtian Cavalry


  • Guo Songling - High-ranking commander, later defected to the Guominjun


  • Li Jinglin - Commander of the Fengtian clique's Zhili Army and governor of Zhili province 1924–25


  • Chu Yupu - Commander of the Fengtian clique's Zhili Army and governor of Zhili province 1925–28


  • Konstantin Petrovich Nechaev - De facto commander of all White Russian mercenaries who served in the Fengtian armies; official commander of the 65th Infantry Division



See also



  • Warlord Era

  • List of warlords and military cliques in the Warlord Era

  • History of the Republic of China

  • Manchukuo



References




  1. ^ abc Fengtien Clique; The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979).


  2. ^ Historical Dictionary of Modern China (1800-1949) by James Z. Gao; Scarecrow Press, 16 jun. 2009; p.115











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