Masayoshi Ōhira



























































































































Masayoshi Ōhira

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大平 正芳

Masayoshi Ohira at Andrews AFB 1 Jan 1980 cropped 1.jpg
Ohira in 1980

43rd Prime Minister of Japan

In office
7 December 1978 – 12 June 1980
Monarch Shōwa
Preceded by Takeo Fukuda
Succeeded by
Masayoshi Itō (Acting)
Minister of Finance

In office
16 July 1974 – 24 December 1976
Prime Minister
Kakuei Tanaka
Takeo Miki
Preceded by Takeo Fukuda
Succeeded by Hideo Bo
Minister for Foreign Affairs

In office
7 July 1972 – 16 July 1974
Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka
Preceded by Takeo Fukuda
Succeeded by Toshio Kimura
Minister of International Trade and Industry

In office
30 November 1968 – 14 January 1970
Prime Minister Eisaku Satō
Preceded by Etsusaburo Shiina
Succeeded by Kiichi Miyazawa
Minister for Foreign Affairs

In office
18 July 1962 – 18 July 1964
Prime Minister Hayato Ikeda
Preceded by Zentaro Kosaka
Succeeded by Etsusaburo Shiina
Chief Cabinet Secretary

In office
19 July 1960 – 18 July 1962
Prime Minister Hayato Ikeda
Preceded by Etsusaburo Shiina
Succeeded by Yasumi Kurogane

Personal details
Born
(1910-03-12)12 March 1910
Kan'onji, Kagawa, Japan
Died 12 June 1980(1980-06-12) (aged 70)
Minato, Tokyo, Japan
Political party Liberal Democratic Party
Spouse(s) Shigeko (1916–1990)
Children 4
Alma mater Hitotsubashi University
Signature

Masayoshi Ōhira (大平 正芳, Ōhira Masayoshi, 12 March 1910 – 12 June 1980) was a Japanese politician and the 43rd Prime Minister of Japan from 7 December 1978 to 12 June 1980. Ōhira was the most recent Japanese prime minister to die in office (Keizō Obuchi was removed from office on 5 April 2000 after suddenly falling into a coma, a month before his death in May 2000).


He was born in present-day Kan'onji, Kagawa and attended Hitotsubashi University.




Contents






  • 1 Political career


    • 1.1 G8 summit




  • 2 Honours


    • 2.1 Foreign honour




  • 3 References


  • 4 Bibliography





Political career




New Zealand Prime Minister Keith Holyoake and Japanese Foreign Minister Masayoshi Ohira (October 1972)


At the apex of his political life, Ōhira came to represent what were known as "mainstream factions" within the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) which put him at odds with Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda, who led what were known as an "anti-mainstream" faction.[1] Ōhira served as foreign minister in the cabinet of Kakuei Tanaka until mid-July 1974.[2] In a cabinet reshuffle, he was replaced by Toshio Kimura as foreign minister.[2] Ōhira was appointed by Tanaka as finance minister in the same reshuffle and replaced Takeo Fukuda in July 1974.[2]


Ōhira was elected to the presidency of the LDP in late 1978. On 7 December 1978, he was appointed 68th Prime Minister, successfully pushing Takeo Fukuda from his position.[3]


Ōhira was the sixth Christian to hold this office after Hara Takashi, Takahashi Korekiyo, Ichirō Hatoyama, Tetsu Katayama, and Shigeru Yoshida.


In the general election of 1979, the LDP narrowly failed to win an outright majority, but enough independent members of the Diet joined the party to enable Ōhira to remain in office, and he was duly reappointed on 9 November of that year. On 16 May 1980, a vote of no confidence was held in the Diet.


Ōhira expected the motion to fail, and was visibly shaken when it passed 243–187. 69 members of his own LDP, including Fukuda, abstained. Given the choice of resigning or calling new elections, Ōhira chose the latter and began campaigning for LDP candidates. He was hospitalized for exhaustion on 31 May and died of a massive heart attack 12 days later.


Chief Cabinet Secretary Masayoshi Ito acted in Ōhira's place as deputy after his death. Yoshio Sakurauchi, the Secretary General of LDP, led the LDP to its greatest victory in fifteen years, capitalizing on the "sympathy vote" generated by Ōhira's death. The Prime Minister was succeeded by Zenkō Suzuki after the election.



G8 summit


In 1979, Ōhira was the chairman and host of the 5th G7 summit in Tokyo but his fatal heart attack on 12 June happened only days before the 6th G7 summit was about to begin in Italy. Ōhira's colleague, Foreign Affairs Minister Saburo Okita, led the delegation which represented Japan in his place. Others joining Okita in traveling to the Venetian island of San Giorgio Maggiore were Finance Minister Noboru Takeshita and the head of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry.[4]



Honours




  • Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum (12 June 1980; posthumous)[5]


  • Golden Pheasant Award of the Scout Association of Japan (1980)[6]

  • In Mexico City, Mexico, a park was named after him; it is located south of Rio Churubusco avenue and East of Tlalpan avenue.



Foreign honour



  •  Malaya : Honorary Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (S.M.N.) (1964)[7]


References





  1. ^ Nihon Kōgyō Shinbunsha. (1979). Business Japan. Vol. 24, Nos. 10–12, p. 47.


  2. ^ abc "Tanaka reshuffles Japanese cabinet". Daytona Beach Morning. Tokyo. AP. 17 July 1974. Retrieved 6 January 2013..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  3. ^ Brown, James Robert. (1999). The ministry of finance, p. 199.


  4. ^ Stokes, Henry Scott. "Japan's Prime Minister Ōhira Dies At 70 as a Critical Election Nears; Japan's Prime Minister Dies at 70 After Heart Attack Plans for Venice Meeting", New York Times. 12 June 1980.


  5. ^ From the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia


  6. ^ http://reinanzaka-sc.o.oo7.jp/kiroku/documents/20140523-3-kiji-list.pdf


  7. ^ "Semakan Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat".




Bibliography



  • Brown, James Robert. (1999). The ministry of finance: bureaucratic practices and the transformation of the Japanese economy. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing.
    ISBN 978-1-56720-230-4; OCLC 39033542

  • Satō, Seizaburō Ken'ichi Kōyama and Shunpei Kumon. (1990). [ Postwar Politician: The Life of Former Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira.] Tokyo: Kodansha.
    ISBN 978-4-7700-1499-3

































































Political offices
Preceded by
Etsusaburo Shiina

Chief Cabinet Secretary
1960–1962
Succeeded by
Yasumi Kurogane
Preceded by
Zentaro Kosaka

Minister of Foreign Affairs
1962–1964
Succeeded by
Etsusaburo Shiina
Preceded by
Etsusaburo Shiina

Minister of International Trade and Industry
1968–1970
Succeeded by
Kiichi Miyazawa
Preceded by
Takeo Fukuda

Minister of Foreign Affairs
1972–1974
Succeeded by
Toshio Kimura

Minister of Finance
1974–1976
Succeeded by
Hideo Bō

Prime Minister of Japan
1978–1980
Succeeded by
Masayoshi Itō
Acting


House of Representatives of Japan
Preceded by
Soichi Usui

Chair, Committee on Education of the House of Representatives of Japan
1959–1960
Succeeded by
Soichi Usui
Interim

Party political offices
Preceded by
Naomi Nishimura

Chair, Policy Research Committee of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan
1967–1968
Succeeded by
Ryutaro Nemoto
Preceded by
Shigesaburo Maeo

Head of Kōchikai
1971–1980
Succeeded by
Zenkō Suzuki
Preceded by
Tsuneo Uchida

Secretary General of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan
1976–1978
Succeeded by
Kunikichi Saito
Preceded by
Takeo Fukuda

President of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan
1978–1980
Succeeded by
Zenkō Suzuki
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by
Helmut Schmidt

Chairperson of the G7
1979
Succeeded by
Francesco Cossiga












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