Gail Devers during her induction to the National Track and Field Hall of Fame, 2011
Personal information
Full name
Yolanda Gail Devers
Born
November 19, 1966 (1966-11-19) (age 52)[1] Seattle, Washington, U.S.
Height
5 ft 3 in (160 cm)[1]
Weight
121 lb (55 kg)[1]
Sport
Event(s)
Hurdles, Sprints
College team
University of California, Los Angeles
Medal record
Women’s athletics
Representing the United States
Olympic Games
1992 Barcelona
100 m
1996 Atlanta
100 m
1996 Atlanta
4x100 m relay
World Championships
1993 Stuttgart
100 m
1993 Stuttgart
100 m hurdles
1995 Gothenburg
100 m hurdles
1997 Athens
4x100 m relay
1999 Seville
100 m hurdles
1991 Tokyo
100 m hurdles
1993 Stuttgart
4x100 m relay
2001 Edmonton
100 m hurdles
World Indoor Championships
1993 Toronto
60 m
1997 Paris
60 m
2003 Birmingham
60 m hurdles
2004 Budapest
60 m
2004 Budapest
60 m hurdles
Pan American Games
1987 Indianapolis
100 m
1987 Indianapolis
4x100 m relay
Yolanda Gail Devers (/ˈdiːvərz/DEE-vərz;[2] born November 19, 1966) is an American retired track and field athlete. A two-time Olympic champion in the 100 meters for the USA, her 1996 win made her only the second woman (after Wyomia Tyus) to successfully defend an Olympic 100m title. She won a third Olympic gold medal in the 4 x 100m relay in 1996. She is also the 1993 World champion in the 100m and a three-time World champion in the 100m hurdles. In 2011, she was inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame.
Contents
1Life and career
2Achievements and recognition
3References
4External links
Life and career
Devers was born in Seattle, Washington, and grew up near National City, California, graduating from Sweetwater High School in 1984.[1] (Sweetwater's football and track stadium would later be named Gail Devers Stadium.) A young talent in the 100 m and 100 m hurdles, Devers was in training for the 1988 Summer Olympics, started experiencing health problems, suffering from among others migraine and vision loss. She qualified for the Olympics 100 m hurdles, in which she was eliminated in the semi-finals, but her health continued to deteriorate even further.
In 1990, she was diagnosed with Graves' disease and underwent radioactive iodine treatment followed by thyroid hormone replacement therapy. During her radiation treatment, Devers began to develop blistering and swelling of her feet. Eventually, the sprinter could barely walk and had to crawl and or be carried. A doctor considered amputating her feet. Amazingly, Devers recovered after the radiation treatment was discontinued, and she resumed training. At the 1991 World Championships, she won a silver medal in the 100 m hurdles.
At the 1992 Summer Olympics, Devers starred. She qualified for the final of the 100 m, which ended in an exciting finish, with five women finishing close (within 0.06 seconds). The photo finish showed Devers had narrowly beaten Jamaican Juliet Cuthbert. In the final of the 100 m hurdles, Devers' lead event, she seemed to be running towards a second gold medal, when she hit the final hurdle and stumbled over the finish line in fifth place, leaving Voula Patoulidou from Greece as the upset winner.
In 1993, Devers won the 100 m World Championship title after - again - a photo finish win over Merlene Ottey in an apparent dead heat, and the 100 m hurdles title. She retained her hurdles title in 1995.
The 100 m final at the 1996 Summer Olympics was an almost exact repeat of the World Championships final three years before. Ottey and Devers again finished in the same time and did not know who had won the race. Again, both were awarded the same time, but Devers was judged to have finished first and became the first woman to retain the Olympic 100 m title since Wyomia Tyus. Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce duplicated the feat in 2012. In the final of her favorite event, Devers again failed, as she finished fourth and outside of the medals. With the 4 × 100 m relay team, Devers won her third Olympic gold medal.
After these Olympics, Devers concentrated on the hurdles event, winning the World Championship again in 1999, but she had to forfeit for the semi-finals at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Devers competed in the 100 m and 100 m hurdles at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, her fifth Olympic Games.[3]
Devers left competition in 2005 to give birth to a child with her husband and returned in 2006.
On February 2, 2007, at the age of 40, Devers edged 2004 Olympic champion Joanna Hayes to win the 60 m hurdles event at the Millrose Games in 7.86 seconds - the best time in the world that season and just 0.12 off the record she set in 2003. Furthermore, the time bettered the listed World Record for a 40-year-old by almost 7 tenths of a second.[4]
During her career, Devers was notable for having exceptionally long, heavily decorated fingernails. One of the fastest starters in the world, Devers even had to alter her starting position to accommodate her long nails.[5] Her long nails came as the result of a contest her father devised to get her to stop biting her nails as a child.[6]
Achievements and recognition
In 2011, she was elected into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame. The following year she was elected into the United States Olympic Hall of Fame.[7] In November 2012, Devers was announced as a 2013 recipient of the NCAA Silver Anniversary Award, presented annually to six distinguished former college student-athletes on the 25th anniversary of the end of their college sports careers.[8]
^"NCAA announces Silver Anniversary Award winners" (Press release). NCAA. November 8, 2012. Archived from the original on January 2, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
External links
Biography portal
Gail Devers at IAAF
Gail Devers' struggle with Graves' disease is featured in the 1996 television movie, "Run for the Dream: The Gail Devers Story" starring Charlayne Woodard as Gail Devers and Louis Gossett, Jr. as Gail's coach Bob Kersee.
Awards and achievements
Preceded by Evelyn Ashford Marion Jones
Women's Track & Field ESPY Award 1994 2003–2004
Succeeded by Gwen Torrence Not awarded
Sporting positions
Preceded by Ludmila Engquist Glory Alozie Anjanette Kirkland
Women's 100m Hurdles Best Year Performance 1993 1999–2000 2002–2003
Succeeded by Tatyana Reshetnykova & Svetla Dimitrova Anjanette Kirkland Joanna Hayes
Links to related articles
v
t
e
Olympic champions in women's 100 metres
1928 Betty Robinson (USA)
1932 Stanisława Walasiewicz (POL)
1936 Helen Stephens (USA)
1948 Fanny Blankers-Koen (NED)
1952 Marjorie Jackson (AUS)
1956 Betty Cuthbert (AUS)
1960 Wilma Rudolph (USA)
1964 Wyomia Tyus (USA)
1968 Wyomia Tyus (USA)
1972 Renate Stecher (GDR)
1976 Annegret Richter (FRG)
1980 Lyudmila Kondratyeva (URS)
1984 Evelyn Ashford (USA)
1988 Florence Griffith Joyner (USA)
1992 Gail Devers (USA)
1996 Gail Devers (USA)
2000 Vacant
2004 Yulia Nestsiarenka (BLR)
2008 Shelly-Ann Fraser (JAM)
2012 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM)
2016 Elaine Thompson (JAM)
v
t
e
Olympic champions in women's 4×100 m relay
1928 Rosenfeld, Smith, Bell, Cook (CAN)
1932 Carew, Furtsch, Rogers, von Bremen (USA)
1936 Bland, Rogers, Robinson, Stephens (USA)
1948 Stad-de Jong, Witziers-Timmer, van der Kade-Koudijs, Blankers-Koen (NED)
1952 Faggs, Jones, Moreau, Hardy (USA)
1956 Strickland de la Hunty, Croker, Mellor, Cuthbert (AUS)
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Matlab has a function called dmperm that computes the so-called Dulmage–Mendelsohn decomposition of a n x n matrix. From wikipedia, the Dulmage–Mendelsohn is a partition of the vertices of a bipartite graph into subsets, with the property that two adjacent vertices belong to the same subset if and only if they are paired with each other in a perfect matching of the graph. Looking both on scipy and numpy, I could not find this function, nor some similar version. Is it possible to implement it using basic linear algebra operations? Any idea if this is implemented in some Python package?
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