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Leader of the Opposition of the Commonwealth of Australia
	; Commonwealth Coat of Arms;
	; ; Incumbent; Bill Shorten; since 13 October 2013
	; Official Opposition of Australia; Shadow Cabinet of Australia;
Style	; The Honourable; (Formal); Leader of the Opposition; (Spoken);
Member of	Shadow Cabinet;
Reports to	Parliament
Term length	While leader of the largest political party not in government
Inaugural holder	George Reid
Formation	1 January 1901

Below is a list of Australian Leaders of the Opposition.^[1] The Leader of the Opposition in Australian Federal Politics is a Member of Parliament in the House of Representatives. The position is held by the leader of the party not in government that has the most seats in the House. When in parliament, the Leader of the Opposition sits on the left-hand side of the centre table, in front of the Opposition and opposite the Prime Minister. The Opposition Leader is elected by his or her party according to its rules. A new Opposition Leader may be elected when the incumbent dies, resigns, or is challenged for the leadership.

The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system and is based on the Westminster model. The term Opposition has a specific meaning in the parliamentary sense. It is an important component of the Westminster system, with the Opposition directing criticism at the Government and attempts to defeat and replace the Government. The Opposition is therefore known as the "Government in waiting" and it is a formal part of the parliamentary system. It is in opposition to the Government, but not to the Crown; hence the term "Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition".^[2]

To date there have been 33 Opposition Leaders, 18 of whom have served terms as Prime Minister.^[3] The current Leader of the Opposition is Bill Shorten of the Australian Labor Party, following an election of the new Parliamentary Labor Leader by caucus and ALP members on 13 October 2013. The current Deputy Leader of the Opposition is Tanya Plibersek of the Australian Labor Party, following her election on 14 October 2013 by the Labor Caucus. Tanya Plibersek is the fourth woman to hold the position of Deputy Opposition Leader.

Leaders of the Opposition

Leader		Constituency	Took office	Left office
George Reid	Free Trade Party	East Sydney (NSW)	19 May 1901	17 August 1904	Barton 1901–03
					Deakin 1903–04
					Watson 1904
Chris Watson	Labour Party	Bland (NSW)	18 August 1904	5 July 1905	Reid 1904–05
George Reid	Free Trade Party	East Sydney (NSW)	7 July 1905	16 November 1908	Deakin 1905–08
	Anti-Socialist Party				Deakin 1905–08
	Anti-Socialist Party				Fisher 1908–09
Joseph Cook	Anti-Socialist Party	Parramatta (NSW)	17 November 1908	26 May 1909
Alfred Deakin	Commonwealth Liberal Party	Ballaarat (Vic)	26 May 1909	2 June 1909
Andrew Fisher	Labour Party	Wide Bay (Qld)	2 June 1909	29 April 1910	Deakin 1909
Alfred Deakin	Commonwealth Liberal Party	Ballaarat (Vic)	1 July 1910	20 January 1913	Fisher 1910–13
Joseph Cook	Commonwealth Liberal Party	Parramatta (NSW)	20 January 1913	24 June 1913	Fisher 1910–13
Andrew Fisher	Labor Party	Wide Bay (Qld)	8 July 1913	17 September 1914	Cook 1913–14
Joseph Cook	Commonwealth Liberal Party	Parramatta (NSW)	8 October 1914	17 February 1917	Fisher 1914–15
					Hughes 1915–23

Frank Tudor	Labor Party	Yarra (Vic)	17 February 1917	10 January 1922
Matthew Charlton	Labor Party	Hunter (NSW)	25 January 1922	29 March 1928
Matthew Charlton	Labor Party	Hunter (NSW)	25 January 1922	29 March 1928	Bruce 1923–29
James Scullin	Labor Party	Yarra (Vic)	26 April 1928	22 October 1929	Bruce 1923–29
John Latham	Nationalist Party	Kooyong (Vic)	20 November 1929	7 May 1931	Scullin 1929–32
Joseph Lyons	United Australia Party	Wilmot (Tas)	7 May 1931	6 January 1932	Scullin 1929–32
James Scullin	Labor Party	Yarra (Vic)	7 January 1932	1 October 1935	Lyons 1932–39
John Curtin	Labor Party	Fremantle (WA)	1 October 1935	7 October 1941	Lyons 1932–39
					Page 1939
					Menzies 1939–41
					Fadden 1941
Arthur Fadden	Country Party	Darling Downs (Qld)	7 October 1941	23 September 1943	Curtin 1941–45
Robert Menzies	United Australia Party	Kooyong (Vic)	23 September 1943	19 December 1949	Curtin 1941–45
	Liberal Party				Forde 1945
	Liberal Party				Chifley 1945–49
Ben Chifley	Labor Party	Macquarie (NSW)	19 December 1949	13 June 1951	Menzies 1949–66
H. V. Evatt	Labor Party	Barton (NSW) 1940–58 Hunter (NSW) 1958–60	20 June 1951	9 February 1960
Arthur Calwell	Labor Party	Melbourne (Vic)	7 March 1960	8 February 1967
Arthur Calwell	Labor Party	Melbourne (Vic)	7 March 1960	8 February 1967	Holt 1966–67
Gough Whitlam	Labor Party	Werriwa (NSW)	8 February 1967	2 December 1972	Holt 1966–67
					McEwen 1967–68
					Gorton 1968–71
					McMahon 1971–72
Billy Snedden	Liberal Party	Bruce (Vic)	20 December 1972	21 March 1975	Whitlam 1972–75
Malcolm Fraser	Liberal Party	Wannon (Vic)	21 March 1975	11 November 1975	Whitlam 1972–75
Gough Whitlam	Labor Party	Werriwa (NSW)	11 November 1975	22 December 1977	Fraser 1975–83
Bill Hayden	Labor Party	Oxley (Qld)	22 December 1977	3 February 1983
Bob Hawke	Labor Party	Wills (Vic)	3 February 1983	11 March 1983
Andrew Peacock	Liberal Party	Kooyong (Vic)	11 March 1983	5 September 1985	Hawke 1983–91
John Howard	Liberal Party	Bennelong (NSW)	5 September 1985	9 May 1989
Andrew Peacock	Liberal Party	Kooyong (Vic)	9 May 1989	3 April 1990
John Hewson	Liberal Party	Wentworth (NSW)	3 April 1990	23 May 1994
John Hewson	Liberal Party	Wentworth (NSW)	3 April 1990	23 May 1994	Keating 1991–96
Alexander Downer	Liberal Party	Mayo (SA)	23 May 1994	30 January 1995
John Howard	Liberal Party	Bennelong (NSW)	30 January 1995	11 March 1996
Kim Beazley	Labor Party	Brand (WA)	19 March 1996	22 November 2001	Howard 1996–2007
Simon Crean	Labor Party	Hotham (Vic)	22 November 2001	2 December 2003
Mark Latham	Labor Party	Werriwa (NSW)	2 December 2003	18 January 2005
Kim Beazley	Labor Party	Brand (WA)	28 January 2005	4 December 2006
Kevin Rudd	Labor Party	Griffith (Qld)	4 December 2006	3 December 2007
Brendan Nelson	Liberal Party	Bradfield (NSW)	3 December 2007	16 September 2008	Rudd 2007–10
Malcolm Turnbull	Liberal Party	Wentworth (NSW)	16 September 2008	1 December 2009
Tony Abbott	Liberal Party	Warringah (NSW)	1 December 2009	18 September 2013
					Gillard 2010–13
					Rudd 2013
Chris Bowen	Labor Party	McMahon (NSW)	18 September 2013	13 October 2013	Abbott 2013–15
Bill Shorten	Labor Party	Maribyrnong (Vic)	13 October 2013	Incumbent	Abbott 2013–15
					Turnbull 2015–18
					Morrison 2018-present

Deputy Leaders of the Opposition

Leader		Constituency	Took office	Left office
Joseph Cook	Commonwealth Liberal Party	Parramatta (NSW)	26 May 1909	2 June 1909	Deakin 1909
Gregor McGregor	Labor Party	Senator for South Australia (SA)	2 June 1909	29 April 1910	Fisher 1909–10
Joseph Cook	Commonwealth Liberal Party	Parramatta (NSW)	1 July 1910	20 January 1913	Deakin 1910–13
Sir John Forrest	Commonwealth Liberal Party	Swan (WA)	20 January 1913	24 June 1913	Cook 1913
Gregor McGregor	Labor Party	Senator for South Australia (SA)	8 July 1913	7 September 1914	Fisher 1913–14
Sir John Forrest	Commonwealth Liberal Party	Swan (WA)	8 October 1914	17 February 1917	Cook 1914–17
Albert Gardiner	Labor Party	Senator for New South Wales (NSW)	17 February 1917	March 1927	Tudor 1917–22
Albert Gardiner	Labor Party	Senator for New South Wales (NSW)	17 February 1917	March 1927	Charlton 1922–28
James Scullin	Labor Party	Yarra (Vic)	March 1927	29 March 1928	Charlton 1922–28
Arthur Blakeley	Labor Party	Darling (NSW)	29 March 1928	1929	Scullin 1928–29
Ted Theodore	Labor Party	Dalley (NSW)	1929	22 October 1929	Scullin 1928–29
Henry Gullett	Nationalist Party	Henty (Vic)	20 November 1929	7 May 1931	Latham 1929–31
John Latham	United Australia Party	Kooyong (Vic)	7 May 1931	6 January 1932	Lyons 1931–32
Frank Forde	Labor Party	Capricornia (Qld)	7 January 1932	7 October 1941	Scullin 1932–35
Frank Forde	Labor Party	Capricornia (Qld)	7 January 1932	7 October 1941	Curtin 1935–41
Billy Hughes	United Australia Party	North Sydney (NSW)	9 October 1941	14 April 1944	Fadden 1941–43
Billy Hughes	United Australia Party	North Sydney (NSW)	9 October 1941	14 April 1944	Menzies 1943–49
Eric Harrison	United Australia Party	Wentworth (NSW)	14 April 1944	19 December 1949
Eric Harrison	Liberal Party	Wentworth (NSW)	14 April 1944	19 December 1949
H. V. Evatt	Labor Party	Barton (NSW)	19 December 1949	13 June 1951	Chifley 1949–51
Arthur Calwell	Labor Party	Melbourne (Vic)	13 June 1951	9 February 1960	Evatt 1960–67
Gough Whitlam	Labor Party	Werriwa (NSW)	7 March 1960	8 February 1967	Calwell 1960–67
Lance Barnard	Labor Party	Bass (Tas)	9 February 1967	5 December 1972	Whitlam 1967–72
Phillip Lynch	Liberal Party	Flinders (Vic)	20 December 1972	11 November 1975	Snedden 1972–75
Phillip Lynch	Liberal Party	Flinders (Vic)	20 December 1972	11 November 1975	Fraser 1975
Frank Crean	Labor Party	Melbourne Ports (Vic)	11 November 1975	22 December 1975	Whitlam 1975–77
Tom Uren	Labor Party	Reid (NSW)	22 December 1975	22 December 1977	Whitlam 1975–77
Lionel Bowen	Labor Party	Kingsford Smith (NSW)	22 December 1977	11 March 1983	Hayden 1977–183
Lionel Bowen	Labor Party	Kingsford Smith (NSW)	22 December 1977	11 March 1983	Hawke 1983
John Howard	Liberal Party	Bennelong (NSW)	11 March 1983	5 September 1985	Peacock 1983–85
Neil Brown	Liberal Party	Menzies (Vic)	5 September 1985	17 July 1987	Howard 1985–89
Andrew Peacock	Liberal Party	Kooyong (Vic)	17 July 1987	9 May 1989	Howard 1985–89
Fred Chaney	Liberal Party	Senator for Western Australia (WA) 1989–90 Pearce (WA) 1990	9 May 1989	24 March 1990	Peacock 1989–90
Peter Reith	Liberal Party	Flinders (Vic)	24 March 1990	13 March 1993	Hewson 1990–94
Michael Wooldridge	Liberal Party	Chisholm (Vic)	13 March 1993	23 May 1994	Hewson 1990–94
Peter Costello	Liberal Party	Higgins (Vic)	23 May 1994	19 March 1996	Downer 1994–95
Peter Costello	Liberal Party	Higgins (Vic)	23 May 1994	19 March 1996	Howard 1995–96
Gareth Evans	Labor Party	Holt (Vic)	19 March 1996	19 October 1998	Beazley 1996–2001
Simon Crean	Labor Party	Hotham (Vic)	19 October 1998	22 November 2001	Beazley 1996–2001
Jenny Macklin	Labor Party	Jagajaga (Vic)	22 November 2001	18 September 2006	Crean 2001–03
					Latham 2003–05
					Beazley 2005–06
Julia Gillard	Labor Party	Lalor (Vic)	4 December 2006	3 December 2007	Rudd 2006–07
Julie Bishop	Liberal Party	Curtin (WA)	3 December 2007	18 September 2013	Nelson 2007–08
					Turnbull 2008–09
					Abbott 2009–13
Anthony Albanese	Labor Party	Grayndler (NSW)	18 September 2013	14 October 2013	Bowen (interim) 2013
Anthony Albanese	Labor Party	Grayndler (NSW)	18 September 2013	14 October 2013	Shorten 2013–present
Tanya Plibersek	Labor Party	Sydney (NSW)	14 October 2013	Incumbent	Shorten 2013–present

Notes

.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}

^{^} Denotes an Opposition Leader who had previously been Prime Minister.

^{^} Denotes an Opposition Leader who later became Prime Minister.

^{^} Gough Whitlam refused to use the title Leader of the Opposition between the dismissal of his government in November 1975 and the first meeting of the new parliament in February 1976. During the election campaign in December 1975 he styled himself as the Leader of the Majority in the House of Representatives.^[4]

References

^ Maiden, Samantha (18 November 2010). "Altar egos clash over Wills and Babykins". The Australian. Retrieved 31 March 2011..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

^ Jaensch, Dean (1997). The Politics of Australia. Melbourne: MacMillan Education Australia. p. 100. ISBN 0-7329-4128-8.

^ "A House for the nation". Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007. Retrieved 14 December 2007.

^ Gough Whitlam. "Whitlam Speeches – 1975 Election Policy Speech". Whitlam Dismissal. Archived from the original on 16 November 2006. Retrieved 12 April 2006.

[1] Maiden, Samantha (18 November 2010). "Altar egos clash over Wills and Babykins". The Australian. Retrieved 31 March 2011..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

[2] Jaensch, Dean (1997). The Politics of Australia. Melbourne: MacMillan Education Australia. p. 100. ISBN 0-7329-4128-8.

[hftn-3] "A House for the nation". Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007. Retrieved 14 December 2007.

[4] Gough Whitlam. "Whitlam Speeches – 1975 Election Policy Speech". Whitlam Dismissal. Archived from the original on 16 November 2006. Retrieved 12 April 2006.

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Vfrdtyky

List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition

Contents

Leaders of the Opposition

Deputy Leaders of the Opposition

See also

Notes

References

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Leader of the Opposition of the Commonwealth of Australia
Commonwealth Coat of Arms
Incumbent Bill Shorten since 13 October 2013
Official Opposition of Australia Shadow Cabinet of Australia
Style	The Honourable (Formal) Leader of the Opposition (Spoken)
Member of	Shadow Cabinet
Reports to	Parliament
Term length	While leader of the largest political party not in government
Inaugural holder	George Reid
Formation	1 January 1901