Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company
 The Liverpool and Manchester Railway, and Bridgewater Canal pass the Bridgewater Foundry, pictured in 1839 | |
Former type | General partnership |
|---|---|
| Industry | Engineering Heavy industry |
| Predecessor | The Bridgewater Foundry |
| Successor | James Nasmyth and Co. Patricroft Ironworks Nasmyth, Wilson and Co. |
| Founded | 1836 |
| Founder | James Nasmyth Holbrook Gaskell |
| Defunct | Dissolved 1940 |
| Headquarters | Patricroft, Salford, United Kingdom |
| Products | Heavy machine tools Locomotives |
Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company, originally called The Bridgewater Foundry, specialised in the production of heavy machine tools and locomotives. It was located in Patricroft, in Salford England, close to the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, the Bridgewater Canal and the Manchester Ship Canal. The company was founded in 1836 and dissolved in 1940.
Contents
1 Nasmyth
2 Modern materials handling
3 Machine tools
4 Locomotives
5 Expansion
6 Decline and closure
7 Locomotive production list
8 References
9 Bibliography
10 Further reading
Nasmyth
The company was founded in 1836 by James Nasmyth and Holbrook Gaskell.[1] Nasmyth had previously been employed in Henry Maudslay's workshop in Lambeth and his interest was mainly, but not limited to, specialist machine tools.
Modern materials handling
The Bridgewater Foundry is an example of modern materials handling that was part of the evolution of the assembly line.
The buildings were arranged in a line with a railway for carrying the work going through the buildings. Cranes were used for lifting the heavy work, which sometimes weighed in the tens of tons. The work passed sequentially through to the erection of the framework and final assembly.[2]
Machine tools
In the period up to 1856, the foundry concentrated on building a large number of machine tools. Before Nasmyth, machine tools were custom built on demand. Nasmyth published a catalogue of standard designs which he then marketed. His design for the steam hammer was produced first in France by Le Creusot, another firm. On seeing it, Nasmyth then ensured that it was correctly patented. He produced a complete range of steam hammers, planers and shapers. He designed and produced pile drivers and a hydraulic press.
Locomotives
The company produced nine locomotives in 1839, thirteen in 1840, eight in 1841 and sixteen in 1842.[3] These were sub-contracted from other makers such as Edward Bury, and produced to their designs.[4] Those for the Midland Counties and London and Southampton Railways were 2-2-0 with 5-foot-6-inch (1.676 m) driving wheels and 12-by-18-inch (305 mm × 457 mm) cylinders, similar to those railway's Bury machines. (One Midland Counties locomotive was 2-2-2, and had smaller drivers, with 5 ft 0 in (1.524 m) and 14-by-18-inch (356 mm × 457 mm) cylinders.) In 1841 the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway had found some American Norris 4-2-0 locomotives very successful, especially on the notorious Lickey Incline, and the company built six similar ones for the line.
Expansion
In 1850 the name of the firm was changed to James Nasmyth and Company, then in 1857 to Patricroft Ironworks. In 1867 Robert Wilson and Henry Garnett became the principal partners and the company's name changed again to Nasmyth, Wilson and Company.
From about 1873 the demand for locomotives from overseas increased. By 1938 over 1,650 locomotives had been produced, over one thousand of which were exported.[5]
In 1883, Nasmyth Wilson and Co. produced the very first design of Prairie or 2-6-2 locomotives in the world, for the New Zealand Railways Department. These locomotives entered traffic between 1885 and 1890 after a somewhat rough start. several were dumped in rivers as flood protection in the 1920s, and have since been exhumed for preservation.
Decline and closure
A Nasmyth steam hammer at the site of the former foundry
During World War I the factory was mainly engaged in munitions work, but it built twenty 2-8-0 locomotives for the French Chemin de fer de l'État (140-251 to 140-270) and 32 for India, along with a hundred small petrol driven locomotives.[6]
Sales continued after the end of the war but by the early 1930s orders had begun to dwindle.[7] In 1934 the works supplied four standard gauge N class 0-6-0T shunters to Palestine Railways.[8] These were evidently satisfactory as Palestine Railways bought four more in 1935, two in 1936 and a final pair in 1938.[9]
The last locomotive order was for two 2-6-4T metre gauge tank locomotives, Works No. 1649 and 1650, dispatched in 1938 to the South Indian Railways. Only two other locomotives were produced in 1938; these were the last pair of N class 0-6-0Ts for Palestine Railways, Works No. 1651 and 1652.[10][8]
As part of a planned reorganisation of the industry, the company ceased manufacture of locomotives and handed over all its drawings and patterns to the British Locomotive Manufacturers Association.[11] The company continued to make steam hammers and machine tools.
On 1 June 1940 the Ministry of Supply took over the factory and it became an engineering Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF Patricroft.[12] The company, however, was formally wound up on 7 November 1940, having reported a loss of £2,663 for 1939.[13]
In 1987 the Royal Ordnance Factories were bought by British Aerospace and in 1989 the Patricroft engineering works was closed down. The site, including some of the original buildings, is now used as a business and technology centre.
By 2009 a large section (the central building) had been demolished.
Locomotive production list
| Serial numbers | Year | Quantity | Customer | Class | Wheel arrangement | Road numbers | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25–32 | 1841 | 8 | Great Western Railway | Firefly | 2-2-2 | various names | [14]7 ft 1⁄4 in (2,140 mm) gauge. |
| 35–42 | 1842 | 8 | Great Western Railway | Firefly | 2-2-2 | various names | [14]7 ft 1⁄4 in (2,140 mm) gauge. |
| 43–46 | 1842 | 4 | Great Western Railway | Hurcules | 0-6-0 | various names | [15]7 ft 1⁄4 in (2,140 mm) gauge. |
| 120–124 | 1872 | 5 | Great Eastern Railway | 477 | 0-6-0 | 507–511 | [16] Renumbered 0507–0511 in 1899. |
| 216–223 | 1882 | 8 | Bengal Central Railway | H | 4-4-0 | 1–8 | [17]5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge. Two to Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway, six to Eastern Bengal Railway |
| 252–261 | 1885 | 10 | New Zealand Government Railways | V | 2-6-2 | various | |
| 272–281 | 1885 | 10 | New Zealand Government Railways | P | 2-8-0 | various | |
| 282–284 | 1885 | 3 | Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company | V | 2-6-2 | 6–8 | later New Zealand Government Railways 450–452 |
| 354–365 | 1889 | 15 | Queensland Railways | B15 | 4-6-0 | 206–219 | |
| 425–430 | 1892 | 6 | London, Tilbury and Southend Railway | 1 | 4-4-2T | 31–36 | [18] to Midland Railway 2140–2146 in 1912 |
| 460–462 | 1895 | 3 | Cambrian Railways | 0-4-4T | 3, 5, 7 | to Great Western Railway 10, 11, 15 in 1922 | |
| 552–557 | 1899 | 6 | Furness Railway | 7 | 0-6-0 | 7–12 | [19] to LMS 12468–12473 in 1923 |
| 558–560 | 1899 | 3 | Cambrian Railways | 0-4-4T | 8, 9, 23 | to Great Western Railway 19–21 in 1922 | |
| 561–562 | 1899 | 2 | Neath and Brecon Railway | 0-6-0ST | 7–8 | to Great Western Railway 2174–2175 in 1922 | |
| 584–586 | 1900 | 3 | Brecon and Merthyr Railway | 0-6-0T | 27–29 | later Great Western Railway 2171–2173 | |
| 588–593 | 1900 | 6 | North Staffordshire Railway | 159 | 0-6-0 | 159–164 | [20] to LMS 2351–2356 in 1923 |
| 689–693 | 1904 | 5 | Furness Railway | 98 | 0-6-2T | 98–102 | [21] to LMS 11625–11629 in 1923 |
| 697–700 | 1904 | 4 | Donegal Railway | 4 | 4-6-4T | 12–15 | [22]3 ft (914 mm) gauge. To County Donegal Railways Joint Committee in 1906; renumbered 9–12 in 1937 |
| 701–706 | 1904 | 6 | East Indian Railway | 0-4-0ST | 1/980 to 6/980 | [23]5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge. Construction locomotives. | |
| 748–750 | 1905 | 3 | East Indian Railway | 0-4-0ST | 7/85 to 9/885 | [23]5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge. Construction locomotives. | |
| 794–798 | 1907 | 5 | East Indian Railway | M | Railmotor | 1350–1354 | [24]5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge. Rebuilt as works shunters between 1927 and 1929 |
| 800–809 | 1907 | 10 | Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway | 8B | 2-6-2T | 289–298 | 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge. Renumbered 3401–3410 in 1912; to Ferrocarril General Roca in 1948 |
| 828–833 | 1907 | 5 | County Donegal Railways Joint Committee | 5 | 2-6-4T | 16–20 | [22]3 ft (914 mm) gauge. Renumbered 4–8 in 1937; three preserved |
| 834–836 | 1908 | 4 | Federated Malay States Railways | H2 | 4-6-2 | 131–134 | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) gauge. |
| 839–842 | 1908 | 4 | Federated Malay States Railways | H2 | 4-6-2 | 79–82 | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) gauge. |
| 864–869 | 1908 | 6 | Assam Bengal Railway | K/2 (BESA G) | 4-8-0 | 130–135 | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) gauge. |
| 870–875 | 1908 | 6 | Assam Bengal Railway | C/1 (BESA T) | 2-6-2T | 70–75 | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) gauge. |
| 911 | 1910 | 1 | Buenos Aires Midland Railway | F | 4-6-0 | 38 | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) gauge. |
| 929–933 | 1911 | 5 | Great Northern Railway (Ireland) | NQG | 0-6-0 | 9, 109, 112, 38–39 | [22]5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) gauge. |
| 945–947 | 1911 | 3 | Eastern Bengal Railway | SP | 4-4-0 | 265–267 | [25]5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge. Renumbered 406–408. |
| 950 | 1911 | 1 | Great Northern Railway (Ireland) | NLQG | 0-6-0 | 165 | [22]5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) gauge. |
| 951–955 | 1911–12 | 5 | East Indian Railway | G | 2-8-0 | 990–994 | [24]5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge. |
| 956–958 | 1912 | 3 | County Donegal Railways Joint Committee | 5A | 2-6-4T | 2A, 3A, 21 | [22]3 ft (914 mm) gauge. Renumbered 2, 3, 1 in 1937; one preserved |
| 995–1000 | 1913 | 6 | Bombay Port Trust | A | 2-6-0T | 1–6 | [26]5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge |
| 1009–1013 | 1913 | 5 | Kenya-Uganda Railway | EE | 2-6-4T | 391–395 | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) gauge. To East African Railways and Harbours Corporation 1001–1005; EAR&H class 10 |
| 1024–1023 | 1913 | 10 | Bengal Nagpur Railway | B5 | 2-8-2 | 0066–0075 not in order | [27]2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge. |
| 1026–1031 | 1914 | 6 | East Indian Railway | BT | 2-6-4T | 159–164 | [28]5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge. Five renumbered 26821–26825 in all-India scheme. |
| 1032–1033 | 1914 | 2 | Bombay Port Trust | A | 2-6-0T | 7–8 | [26]5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge |
| 1041–1043 | 1913 | 3 | Kenya-Uganda Railway | EE | 2-6-4T | 396–398 | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) gauge. To East African Railways and Harbours Corporation 1006–1008; EAR&H class 10 |
| 1054–1059 | 1914 | 6 | East Indian Railway | ST | 0-6-0T | 677–682 | [28]5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge. Renumbered 34364–36369 in all-India scheme. |
| 1060–1065 | 1915 | 6 | South African Railways | J | 2-6-4T | 341–346 | [29]3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge. |
| 1087–1094 | 1915 | 8 | Bengal Nagpur Railway | BS1 | 2-8-2 | 0076–0083 | [27]2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge. |
| 1106–1111 | 1915 | 6 | Bombay Port Trust | A | 2-6-0T | 9–14 | [26]5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge |
| 1115–1119 | 1921 | 5 | Great Northern Railway (Ireland) | T2 | 4-4-2T | 1–5 | [22]5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) gauge. Subcontracted to Beyer, Peacock & Co. |
| 1120–1139 | 1916–17 | 20 | Chemins de fer de l'État | 140-101 | 2-8-0 | 140-251 to 140-270 | [30] |
| 1244–1267 | 1917–1918 | 24 | Railway Operating Division | ROD 2-8-0 | 2-8-0 | 1701–1724 | [31] |
| 1269–1280 | 1919 | 12 | Taff Vale Railway | A | 0-6-2T | various | to Great Western Railway in 1922 |
| 1281–1288 | 1919 | 8 | Railway Operating Division | ROD 2-8-0 | 2-8-0 | 1725–1732 | [31] |
| 1322–1332 | 1921 | 11 | Assam Bengal Railway | H/7 (BESA M) | 4-6-0 | 143–153 | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) gauge. |
| 1352 | 1921 | 1 | Assam Bengal Railway | H/7 (BESA M) | 4-6-0 | 154 | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) gauge. |
| 1357–1358 | 1922 | 2 | Bombay Port Trust | H | 2-10-2T | 25–26 | [26]5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge hump shunters |
| 1359–1368 | 1921 | 10 | Bombay Port Trust | A | 2-6-0T | 15–24 | [26]5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge. |
| 1371–1375 | 1922 | 5 | Bengal Nagpur Railway | BS3 | 2-8-2 | 0096–00100 | [27]2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge. Renumbered 632–636 in 1957 all-India scheme |
| 1423–1427 | 1924 | 5 | Great Northern Railway (Ireland) | T2 | 4-4-2T | 21, 30, 115, 116, 139 | [22]5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) gauge. |
| 1428–1432 | 1924–25 | 5 | Great Northern Railway (Ireland) | SG2 | 0-6-0 | 15–19 | [22]5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) gauge. |
| 1435–1439 | 1924 | 5 | Great Northern Railway (Ireland) | T2 | 4-4-2T | 142–144, 147, 148 | [22]5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) gauge. |
| 1448–1452 | 1925 | 5 | London, Midland and Scottish Railway | 3P | 4-4-2T | 2120–2124 | [32] Continuation of London, Tilbury and Southend Railway 79 class |
| 1453–1462 | 1925 | 10 | London, Midland and Scottish Railway | 2P | 0-4-4T | 15260–15269 | [33] Continuation of Caledonian Railway 431 Class |
| 1471–1476 | 1926 | 6 | Nigerian Railways | 4-6-2 | 405–410 | 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge. | |
| 1482–1486 | 1926 | 5 | Barsi Light Railway | F | 2-8-2 | 19–23 | [34]2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge. Renumbered 712–716 in 1957 all-India scheme |
| 1487–1488 | 1926 | 2 | Great Indian Peninsula Railway | B/1 | 2-8-2 | 13–14 | [35]2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge. Renumbered 770–771 in 1957 all-India scheme |
| 1489–1491 | 1926 | 3 | Ceylon Government Railway | B8 | 4-6-0 | 229–231 | [36]5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge. |
| 1497–1504 | 1927 | 8 | South Indian Railway | K | 0-6-0 | K58–K65 | [37]5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge. Renumbered 37059–37066 in all-India scheme |
| 1525–1526 | 1927 | 2 | Barsi Light Railway | F | 2-8-2 | 29–30 | [34]2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge. Renumbered 717–718 in 1957 all-India scheme |
| 1531–1532 | 1928 | 2 | North Western Railway (India) | ZE | 2-8-2 | 190–191 | [38]2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge. Renumbered 221–222; renumbered 93–94 in all-India scheme |
| 1533–1536 | 1928 | 4 | Nigerian Railways | 4-6-2 | 411–414 | 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge. | |
| 1539–1543 | 1928 | 5 | Barsi Light Railway | G | 4-6-4 | 31–35 | [34]2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge. Renumbered 728–732 in 1957 all-India scheme |
| 1550–1554 | 1928 | 5 | Eastern Bengal Railway | YB | 4-6-2 | 409–413 | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) gauge. To Assam Bengal Railway 251–255 in 1936 |
| 1563–1566 | 1929 | 4 | Bengal Nagpur Railway | RD | 2-6-2 | 07–010 | [27]2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge, for Raipur–Dhamtari line; renumbered 687–690 in 1957 all-India scheme |
| 1574–1576 | 1929 | 3 | Barsi Light Railway | F | 2-8-2 | 36–38 | [34]2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge. Renumbered 719–721 in 1957 all-India scheme |
| 1586–1587 | 1930 | 2 | Barsi Light Railway | G | 4-6-4 | 4–5 | [34]2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge. Renumbered 725–726 in 1957 all-India scheme |
| 1934 | 4 | Palestine Railway | N | 0-6-0T | |||
| 1935 | 4 | Palestine Railway | N | 0-6-0T | |||
| 1649–1650 | 1938 | 2 | South Indian Railway | ST | 2-6-4T | ST1–ST2 | [39]1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) gauge. Renumbered 37366–37367 in all-India scheme |
| 1651–1652 | 1938 | 2 | Palestine Railway | N | 0-6-0T |
References
^ Cantrell (2005) pp=7–8
^ Musson & Robinson 1969, pp. 491–495.
^ Cantrell (2005) Appendix: Locomotives produced at the Bridgewater Foundry 1838–1938
^ Bradley (1965) p.26.
^ Cantrell (2005) Appendix: Locomotives produced at the Bridgewater Foundry 1838–1938
^ Cantrell (2005) pp.95
^ Cantrell (2005) pp.105
^ ab Cotterell 1984, p. 55.
^ Cantrell (2005) pp.105
^ Cantrell (2005) Appendix: Locomotives produced at the Bridgewater Foundry 1838–1938
^ Cantrell (2005) pp.107
^ Cantrell 2005, p. 107.
^ Cantrell (2005) pp.107
^ ab Reed 1952, p. B14.
^ Reed 1952, p. B17.
^ Baxter 2012, p. 42.
^ Hughes 1990, p. 32.
^ Baxter 1982, p. 40.
^ Baxter 1984, p. 222.
^ Baxter 1984, p. 247.
^ Baxter 1984, p. 221.
^ abcdefghi Rowledge 1993, p. 17.
^ ab Hughes 1990, p. 48.
^ ab Hughes 1990, p. 45.
^ Hughes 1990, p. 34.
^ abcde Hughes 1990, p. 100.
^ abcd Hughes 1994, p. 19.
^ ab Hughes 1990, p. 42.
^ Holland 1972, p. 32.
^ Davies 2001, p. 88.
^ ab Boddy et al. 1983, p. 47.
^ Rowledge 1975, p. 4.
^ Rowledge 1975, p. 33.
^ abcde Hughes 1994, p. 15.
^ Hughes 1994, p. 45.
^ Hughes 1990, p. 94.
^ Hughes 1990, p. 91.
^ Hughes 1994, p. 69.
^ Hughes 1992, p. 98.
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Bibliography
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Baxter, Bertram (1984). Baxter, David, ed. British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923, Volume 4: Scottish and remaining English Companies in the LMS Group. Ashbourne, Derbyshire: Moorland Publishing Company.
Baxter, Bertram (2012). Baxter, David; Mitchell, Peter, eds. British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923, Volume 6: Great Eastern Railway, North British Railway, Great North of Scotland Railway, Midland & Great Northern Joint Railway, remaining companies in the LNER group. Southampton: Kestrel Railway Books. ISBN 978-1-905505-26-5.
Boddy, M. G.; Brown, W. A.; Neve, E.; Yeadon, W. B. (November 1983). Fry, E. V., ed. Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 6B: Tender Engines—Classes O1 to P2. Kenilworth: RCTS. ISBN 0-901115-54-1.
Cantrell, John. Nasmyth, Wilson & Co.: Patricroft Locomotive Builders. Stroud: Tempus Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7524-3465-9.
Bradley, D.L. (1965). Locomotives of the London and South Western Railway. Railway Correspondence and Travel Society.
Cotterell, Paul (1984). The Railways of Palestine and Israel. Abingdon: Tourret Publishing. ISBN 0-905878-04-3.
Davies, John (August 2001). Chemins de fer de l'État Locomotive List 1878–1938. Woodbridge, Queensland: Dr. John Davies. ISBN 0-7316-8442-7.
Hughes, Hugh (1990). Indian Locomotives: Part 1 – Broad Gauge 1851–1940. Harrow, Middlesex: The Continental Railway Circle. ISBN 0-9503469-8-5.
Hughes, Hugh (1992). Indian Locomotives: Part 2 – Metre Gauge 1872–1940. Harrow, Middlesex: The Continental Railway Circle. ISBN 0-9503469-9-3.
Hughes, Hugh (1994). Indian Locomotives: Part 3 – Narrow Gauge 1863–1940. Harrow, Middlesex: The Continental Railway Circle. ISBN 0-9521655-0-3.
Holland, D. F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
Lowe, J. W. (1989). British Steam Locomotive Builders. Guild Publishing.
Musson, Albert Edward; Robinson, Eric (1969). Science and technology in the Industrial Revolution. Manchester University Press. p. 491. ISBN 978-0-7190-0370-7.
Reed, P. J. T. (February 1953). White, D. E., ed. The Locomotives of the Great Western Railway, Part 2: Broad Gauge. Kenilworth: RCTS. ISBN 0-901115-32-0.
Rowledge, J.W.P. (1975). Engines of the LMS built 1923–51. Oxford: Oxford Publishing Company. ISBN 0-902888-59-5.
Rowledge, J. W. P. (1993). Irish Steam Locomotive Register. Stockport, Merseyside: Irish Traction Group. ISBN 0-947773-33-9.
Smiles, Samuel (1912). James Nasmyth Engineer: An Autobiography. John Murray. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
Further reading
Dickinson, R. (1956). "James Nasmyth and the Liverpool Iron Trade" (PDF). Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Historical Society. 108: 83–104.
