Malaysian language




This article is about the official language of Malaysia. For an overview of all languages used in Malaysia, see Languages of Malaysia.

















































Malaysian

bahasa Malaysia
بهاس مليسيا‎
Pronunciation
[baˈhasə malajˈsiə]
Native to Malaysia
Native speakers
 Spoken by the vast majority of those in Malaysia, although most learn a local Malay dialect or other native language first.[1]
Language family

Austronesian

  • Malayo-Polynesian

    • Malayo-Sumbawan ?

      • Malayic

        • Malayan

          • Malay
            • Malacca ("Riau") Malay
              • Malaysian
Writing system
Latin (Rumi)
Arabic (Jawi)[2]
Malaysian Braille
Signed forms
 Bahasa Malaysia Kod Tangan
Official status
Official language in
 Malaysia
Regulated by
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (Institute of Language and Literature)
Language codes
ISO 639-3 zsm
Glottolog
stan1306[3]

The Malaysian language (Malay: bahasa Malaysia; Jawi: بهاس مليسيا‎) or Malaysian Malay (Malay: bahasa Melayu Malaysia) is the name regularly applied to the Malay language used in Malaysia (as opposed to the variety used in Indonesia, which is referred to as the Indonesian language). Constitutionally, however, the official language of Malaysia is Malay, but the government from time to time refers to it as Malaysian. Standard Malaysian is a normative register of the Johore-Riau dialect of Malay. It is spoken by much of the Malaysian population, although most learn a vernacular form of Malay or other native language first.[1] Malay is a compulsory subject in primary and secondary schools.[4]




Contents






  • 1 Status


  • 2 Writing system


  • 3 Borrowed words


  • 4 Colloquial and contemporary usage


  • 5 See also


  • 6 References


  • 7 External links





Status


Article 152 of the Federation designates Malay as the official language. Between 1986 and 2007, the official term Bahasa Malaysia was replaced by "Bahasa Melayu". Today, to recognize that Malaysia is composed of many ethnic groups (and not only the ethnic Malays), the term Bahasa Malaysia has once again become the government's preferred designation for the "Bahasa Kebangsaan" (National Language) and the "Bahasa Persatuan/Pemersatu" (unifying language/lingua franca).[5] The language is sometimes simply referred to as BM or simply Bahasa.[6]English continues, however, to be widely used in professional and commercial fields and in the superior courts.



Writing system


Main article: Malay alphabet

The Malaysian language is normally written using a Latin alphabet called Rumi, though an Arabic alphabet called Jawi also exists. Rumi is official while efforts are currently being undertaken to preserve Jawi script and to revive its use in Malaysia[citation needed]. The Latin alphabet, however, is still the most commonly used script in Malaysia, both for official and informal purposes.



Borrowed words


Main article: List of loanwords in Malay

The Malaysian language has most of its borrowings absorbed from Sanskrit, Tamil, Hindi, Persian, Portuguese, Dutch, Sinitic languages, Arabic and more recently, English (in particular many scientific and technological terms).
Modern Malaysian Malay has also been influenced lexically by the Indonesian variety, largely through the popularity of Indonesian dramas, soap operas, and music.[7]



Colloquial and contemporary usage


Main article: Bahasa Rojak

Colloquial and contemporary usage of Malay includes modern Malaysian vocabulary, which may not be familiar to the older generation, such as awek (girl), balak (guy) or cun (pretty). New plural pronouns have also been formed out of the original pronouns and the word orang (person), such as kitorang (kita + orang, the exclusive "we", in place of kami) or diorang (dia + orang, "they"). Code-switching between English and Malaysian and the use of novel loanwords is widespread, forming Bahasa Rojak. Consequently, this phenomenon has raised the displeasure of language purists in Malaysia, in their effort to uphold use of the prescribed normative language.



See also



  • Differences between the Malaysian and Indonesian languages

  • Indonesian language


  • Jawi, an Arabic alphabet for Malay

  • Language politics


  • Malaysian English, English language used formally in Malaysia.

  • Varieties of Malay



References





  1. ^ ab Malaysian at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)


  2. ^ "Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards". The Star. 26 August 2008. Archived from the original on 29 October 2012..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  3. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Standard Malay". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.


  4. ^ Ministry of Education: Frequently Asked Questions — To uphold Bahasa Malaysia and to strengthen the English language (MBMMBI) Archived 11 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine.; access date 3 November 2013


  5. ^ Back to Bahasa Malaysia Archived 3 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine.. Thestar.com.my (4 June 2007). Retrieved on 19 October 2010.


  6. ^ Penggunaan Istilah Bahasa Malaysia Dan Bukan Bahasa Melayu Muktamad, Kata Zainuddin. BERNAMA, 5 November 2007


  7. ^ Sneddon, James N. "The Indonesian Language: its history and role in modern society".




External links











  • Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (Institute of Language and Literature Malaysia, in Malay only)


  • Malay Online Web Application with 40 Interactive Free Lessons


  • Malay–English Online Dictionary (from Malay to English only) from Webster's Dictionary

  • Malay–English Online Dictionary


  • The Malay Spelling Reform, Asmah Haji Omar, (Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society, 1989-2 pp. 9–13 later designated J11)


  • Pogadaev, V.A., Rott, N. V. Kamus Bahasa Russia – Bahasa Malaysia. Lebih kurang 30 000 perkataan. Moscow: Russky Yazik, 1986











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