Drug cartel
A drug cartel is any criminal organization with the intention of supplying drug trafficking operations. They range from loosely managed agreements among various drug traffickers to formalized commercial enterprises. The term was applied when the largest trafficking organizations reached an agreement to coordinate the production and distribution of cocaine. Since that agreement was broken up, drug cartels are no longer actually cartels, but the term stuck and it is now popularly used to refer to any criminal narcotics related organization.
The basic structure of a drug cartel is as follows:
- Falcons (Spanish: Halcones): Considered the "eyes and ears" of the streets, the "falcons" are the lowest rank in any drug cartel. They are responsible for supervising and reporting the activities of the police, the military, and rival groups.[1]
- Hitmen (Spanish: Sicarios): The armed group within the drug cartel, responsible for carrying out assassinations, kidnappings, thefts, extortions, operating protection rackets, and defending their plaza (turf) from rival groups and the military.[2][3]
- Lieutenants (Spanish: Teniente): The second highest position in the drug cartel organization, responsible for supervising the hitmen and falcons within their own territory. They are allowed to carry out low-profile murders without permission from their bosses.[4]
Drug lords (Spanish: Capos): The highest position in any drug cartel, responsible for supervising the entire drug industry, appointing territorial leaders, making alliances, and planning high-profile murders.[5]
There are other operating groups within the drug cartels. For example, the drug producers and suppliers,[6] although not considered in the basic structure, are critical operators of any drug cartel, along with the financiers and money launderers.[7][8][9] In addition, the arms suppliers operate in a completely different circle,[10] and are technically not considered part of the cartel's logistics.
Contents
1 Africa
2 Americas
2.1 North America
2.1.1 Canada
2.1.2 United States
2.1.2.1 American Mafia
2.1.2.2 Active crime families
2.1.2.3 Defunct mafia families
2.1.2.4 Jewish mafia
2.1.2.5 African-American organized crime
2.1.2.6 Irish Mob
2.1.3 Mexico
2.2 Caribbean
2.3 South America
2.3.1 Brazil
2.3.2 Bolivia
2.3.3 Colombia
2.3.4 Peru
2.3.5 Venezuela
2.4 Central America
2.4.1 Honduras
2.4.2 El Salvador
2.4.3 Nicaragua
3 Asia
3.1 East Asia
3.1.1 Korea
3.1.2 Japan
3.1.2.1 Japanese criminal organizations
3.1.2.1.1 Active yakuza groups
3.1.2.1.2 Defunct yakuza groups
3.1.3 China
3.2 Southeast Asia
3.2.1 Vietnamese Xã Hội Đen
3.3 South Asia
3.4 Middle East
3.5 Afghanistan
3.6 Central Asia
4 Eurasia
4.1 Russia
4.2 Caucasus
5 Europe
5.1 Sweden
5.2 Netherlands
5.3 France
5.4 Greece
5.5 Ireland
5.6 Spain
5.7 Poland
5.8 Slovakia
5.9 Hungary
5.10 Czech Republic
5.11 Belgium
5.12 Italy
5.13 Balkans
5.14 Great Britain
5.15 Ukraine
5.16 Lithuania
5.17 Estonia
5.18 Transnistria
5.19 Other organized crime groups based in Europe
6 Australia
7 Other parts of the world
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Africa
- Cape Verdean organized crime
Mungiki[11]
Nigerian organized crime[12][13][14][15][16][17]
Confraternities in Nigeria
- Black Axe Confraternity
- Anini gang
Mai-Mai militia gangs
Moroccan hashish smugglers
- Ahmed organization
Americas
North America
Canada
- Rivard organization
- Red Scorpions
- Bacon Brothers
Montreal
West End Gang[18][19]
- Blass gang
- Dubois Brothers
Indo-Canadian organized crime
Punjabi Mafia जोहल गिरोह (Canada)[19]
- Canadian mafia families
Rizzuto crime family[19][20]
Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan[19][20]
Cotroni crime family[19][20]
Musitano crime family[19][20]
Papalia crime family[19][20]
Luppino crime family[19][20]
Perri crime family[19][20]
Siderno Group[19][20]
Commisso 'ndrina[19][20]
United States
Map of violent crime per 100,000 people in the USA by state in 2016
The United States of America is the world's largest consumer of cocaine[21] and other illegal drugs.[22][23][24][25] This is a list of American criminal organizations involved in illegal drug traffic, drug trade and other related crimes in the United States:
National Crime Syndicate[18][26]
Seven Group[18][26]
Murder, Inc.[18][27]
Polish Mob
Saltis-McErlane Gang[26]
Kielbasa Posse[28]
The Greenpoint Crew[29]
- Flats Mob
The Flathead gang[30]
Prohibition-era gangs
Galveston
- Downtown Gang
- Beach Gang
- The Maceo syndicate
Shelton Brothers Gang[26][31]
Sheldon Gang[26]
Broadway Mob[26]
- The Lanzetta Brothers
Circus Cafe Gang[26]
- Wandering Family
- Remus organization
Hispanic-American
Marielitos
The Corporation[18]
Puerto Rican mafia
- Agosto organization
- La ONU
- Martinez Familia Sangeros
- Solano organization
- Negri organization
- Márquez gambling ring
Polanco-Rodriguez organization[14]
Los Angeles (See also Rampart scandal)
Nash gang[32]
Wonderland Gang[32]
Dixie Mafia[26]
Cornbread Mafia[33]
Greek-American organized crime
Philadelphia Greek Mob[34]
Velentzas Family[35]
Assyrian/Chaldean mafia[36]
Hawaii
- The Company
- Leota mob
- Wall gang
- Elkins mob
- The Chickens and the Bulls
- Binion mob
- Johnston gang
American Mafia
Italian immigrants to the United States in the early 19th century formed various small-time gangs which gradually evolved into sophisticated crime syndicates which dominated organized crime in America for several decades. Although government crackdowns and a less-tightly knit Italian-American community have largely reduced their power, they remain an active force in the underworld.
Active crime families
- American Mafia
The Commission[20]
- The Five Families of New York City[12][18][20]
Bonanno[12][18][19][20][15][37]- Indelicato crew
- The Motion Lounge Crew
Colombo[12][18][19][20][15]- Scarpa crew
Genovese[12][18][19][20][15][37][38]
116th Street Crew[20]
Greenwich Village Crew[18]
New Jersey Crew[15]
Gambino[12][18][19][20][15][37]
Ozone Park Boys[39]
DeMeo crew[20]
- Baltimore Crew
- South Florida faction
- New Jersey faction
- The Bergin Crew
- Cherry Hill Gambinos
Lucchese[12][19][20][15][38]
The Jersey Crew[15]
The Vario Crew[18]
- 107th Street gang
Magaddino crime family[18][20]
DeCavalcante crime family[18][20][15]
- The Chicago Outfit[12][18][36][20][30](see also Unione Siciliane)
Las Vegas crew (defunct)
Philadelphia crime family[18][19][20][15]
Pittsburgh crime family[20][26]
Patriarca crime family[20]
Angiulo Brothers crew[20]
Cleveland crime family[20][30]
Los Angeles crime family[20]
Kansas City crime family[20]
Trafficante crime family[20]
Detroit Partnership[20][26][30]
Milwaukee crime family[20]
New Orleans crime family[18][20][26]
Defunct mafia families
Morello crime family[18][20]
Genna crime family[20]
Porrello crime family[20]
St. Louis crime family[20]
Rochester Crime Family[20]
Bufalino crime family[20]
Dallas crime family[20]
Denver crime family[20]
San Francisco crime family[20]
San Jose crime family[20]
- Seattle crime family
- Omaha crime family
Licavoli Mob[18][20]
- Cardinelli gang
- New York Camorra
East Harlem Purple Gang[38]
Jewish mafia
- New York City
- Schultz gang
The Bugs and Meyer Mob[27]
Shapiro Brothers[27]
Yiddish Black Hand[27]
- Rothstein organization
- Kaplan gang
- Rosenzweig gang
- Boston
69th Street Gang[27]
- Sagansky organization
Solomon organization[27]
- Los Angeles
Cohen crime family (mix between Jewish and Italian members)[20][26][27]
The Purple Gang[18][27][30]
Zwillman gang[27]
Kid Cann's gang[27]
Birger mob[31]
- Cleveland Syndicate
African-American organized crime
Certain members of the Black Panther Party, particularly the Oakland chapter, also engaged in criminal activities such as drug dealing and extortion.
- New York City
The Council[40][14][37]
Harlem numbers racket[37]
Bumpy Johnson gang[37]
Supreme Team[41]
- The Bebos
The Country Boys[37][41]
Matthews Organization[37]
- The Family
Detroit
Black Mafia Family[42]
Young Boys, Inc.[14]
Chambers Brothers[14]
Philadelphia
Black Mafia[18][37][41]
Junior Black Mafia[16]
Oakland, California
69 Mob[41]
Baltimore
Williams organization (drug trafficking)[41]
Washington, D.C.
Rayful Edmond organization[41]
Chicago
Theodore Roe's gambling ring- Stokes organization
Atlantic City
- Aso Posse
Miami
- Miami Boys
- Rosemond Organization
Irish Mob
Prohibition-era Chicago gangs
North Side Gang[18][26][43]
James Patrick O'Leary organization
John Patrick Looney gang
Valley Gang[26]
Ragen's Colts[26]
- Touhy gang
Boston
Mullen Gang[43]
Winter Hill Gang[18][43]
Gustin Gang[43]
- Charlestown Mob
Killeen gang[43]
Danny Hogan's gang
Danny Walsh gang
Tom Dennison empire
Danny Greene's Celtic Club[18][43]
- Nucky Johnson's Organization
- K&A Gang
- Enright gang
New York
- Dwyer gang
The Westies[18][43]
White Hand Gang[18]
- Higgins gang
St Louis
- Hogan Gang
Egan's Rats[26][43]
Mexico
Not to be confused with the Mexican Mafia U.S. street gang.
The Mérida Initiative, a U.S. Counter-Narcotics Assistance to Mexico
Mexican cartels (also known in Mexico as: La Mafia (the mafia or the mob), La Maña (the skill / the bad manners),[44]Narcotraficantes (Narco-Traffickers), or simply as Narcos) usually refers to several, rival, criminal organizations that are combated by the Mexican government in the Mexican War on Drugs (List sorted by branches and heritage):[45]
Gulf Cartel (The oldest Mexican Criminal syndicate, started as prohibition-era bootlegging gang)
Los Zetas (Formerly part of the Gulf cartel, now independent)
La Familia Michoacana (Formerly a branch of the Gulf Cartel, then went independent)[46][47] (Disbanded[citation needed])
Los Caballeros Templarios (Splintered from La Familia Cartel)[48]
Guadalajara Cartel (The first full-fledged Mexican Drug cartel, from which most of the big cartels spawned) (Disbanded in 1989[citation needed])
Sinaloa Cartel (Spawned from the Guadalajara Cartel)
Colima Cartel (Disbanded, former members are now a branch of the Sinaloa Cartel)[49]
Sonora Cartel (Disbanded in 1989, its remnants joined the Sinaloa Cartel)[49]
Artistas Asesinos (hitman squad)[50] (Disbanded[citation needed])
Gente Nueva (Sinaloa cell in Chihuahua)[51] (Disbanded[citation needed])
Los Ántrax (enforcer squad)
Drug trafficking tunnel under the U.S.-Mexico border used by the Sinaloa Cartel
Drug-related murders in Mexico, 2006–2017
Milenio Cartel (First loyal to the Sinaloa Cartel federation, later independent) (Disbanded[citation needed])
La Resistencia[52] (Splintered from the milenio cartel) (Disbanded[citation needed])
Jalisco New Generation Cartel[53] (Independent remnants of the Milenio cartel)
Beltrán-Leyva Cartel (Formerly part of the Sinaloa Cartel federation, later independent) (Disbanded[citation needed])
Los Negros (Beltran-Leyva enforcement squad) (Disbanded[citation needed])
South Pacific Cartel (branch of the Beltran Leyva Cartel in Morelos)[54][55][56]
- Cártel del Centro[57] (cell of the Beltran-Leyva Cartel in Mexico City) (Disbanded[citation needed])
Cártel Independiente de Acapulco[58] (Splinter from the Beltran-Leyva Cartel)
La Barredora (gang)[59]
- El Comando Del Diablo (gang)[60] (Hitman squad of la Barredora)[61] (Disbanded[citation needed])
- La Mano Con Ojos (gang)[62] (small cell of Beltran-Leyva members in the State of Mexico) (Disbanded[citation needed])
- La Nueva Administración[63] (Splintered from the Beltran-Leyva Cartel) (Disbanded[citation needed])
- La Oficina (gang)[64] (cell of the Beltran-Leyva Cartel in Aguascalientes) (Disbanded[citation needed])
- Cártel de la Sierra (cell in Guerrero)[65][66]
- Cártel de La Calle (cell in Chiapas)[67][68]
- Los Chachos (gang in Tamaulipas) (Disbanded)[69][70]
Tijuana Cartel (Spawned from the Guadalajara Cartel)
Oaxaca Cartel (Was a branch of the disbanded Tijuana Cartel, its regional leader was captured in 2007)
Juárez Cartel(Spawned from the Guadalajara Cartel)
La Línea (Juárez Cartel enforcer squad)
Barrio Azteca (U.S. Street Gang)[71][71] (Allied with La Linea)
El Azul is a Mexican drug lord. He is a former Mexican secret police (DFS) agent.
- Lesser-known small-criminal organizations:
Los Mexicles (U.S. Street Gang)[72]
- Los Texas (street gang) (Disbanded)[73]
Government officials: Other organizations that have been involved in drug trade or traffic in Mexico. (however this does not necessarily apply for the whole institutions):
- Mexican officials:
- Municipal, State, and Federal police forces in Mexico[74][75][76]
Mexican Armed Forces (Army and Navy[77][78][79][80][81][82])
Mexico City International Airport[83]
Club Xoloitzcuintles (football)[84][85]
- Municipal, State, and Federal police forces in Mexico[74][75][76]
- United States officials:
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)[86]
Texas National Guard[86]
U.S. Customs and Border Protection[87][88]
- United States Immigration and Naturalization Service[86]
- Mexican officials:
Caribbean
Chadee gang (Trinidad & Tobago) (see also Jamaat al Muslimeen)- Jamaican Yardies & Posses[18][14][16][89]
Shower Posse[16][89]
- POW Posse
Tottenham Mandem[90]- Star Gang
Klans Massive[91]
- No Limit Soldiers
Phantom death squad (Guyana)
Zoe Pound (Haitian, see also Tonton Macoute)
Dominican drug cartels[92]
Paulino organization[93]
- Féliz organization
South America
Brazil
- Comando Vermelho
- Primeiro Comando da Capital
- Terceiro Comando Puro
- Terceiro Comando
- Amigos dos Amigos
Bolivia
Bolivian drug cartels (See also García Meza regime drug trafficking)
- La Corporación
- Santa Cruz cartel
Colombia
Luis Hernando Gomez-Bustamante, also known as "Rasguño", arrest performed by the National Police of Colombia
Until 2011 Colombia remained the world's largest cocaine producer,[94] however with a strong anti-narcotic strategy in 2012 the country achieved a great decrease in cocaine production and fell to the third position, behind Peru and Bolivia.[95] Cocaine production in Colombia reached an all-time high in 2017.[96]
The current main actors in the drug trade are:
Neo-paramilitary criminal gangs, also called BACRIM[97]- Clan del Golfo
- Oficina de Envigado
ELN (Weakened by a US-backed counter-insurgency plan)
EPL (Partially demobilized)
Historical actors in the drug trade were:
Cali Cartel (dissolved)
Medellín Cartel (dismantled)
North Coast Cartel (dismantled)
Norte del Valle Cartel (dissolved)
AUC (demobilized)
FARC (demobilized)
Los Rastrojos (dismantled)
The Black Eagles (dismantled) (The Black Eagles was a generic term to describe a series of organizations)
Bloque Meta (dismantled)
Peru
Peruvian drug cartels (see also Shining Path and Vladimiro Montesinos)
- Zevallos organisation
Venezuela
Historically Venezuela has been a path to the United States for illegal drugs originating in Colombia, through Central America and Mexico and Caribbean countries such as Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico.
According to the United Nations, there has been an increase of cocaine trafficking through Venezuela since 2002.[98] In 2005 Venezuela severed ties with the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), accusing its representatives of spying.[99] Following the departure of the DEA from Venezuela and the expansion of DEA's partnership with Colombia in 2005, Venezuela became more attractive to drug traffickers.[100] Between 2008 and 2012, Venezuela's cocaine seizure ranking among other countries declined, going from being ranked fourth in the world for cocaine seizures in 2008[101] to sixth in the world in 2012.[102]
The cartel groups involved include:
- The Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan moved to Venezuela,[103] which became an important hideout as the clan bought hotels and founded various businesses in Caracas and Valencia, as well as an extended ranch in Barinas, near the Colombian border. "Venezuela has its own Cosa Nostra family as if it is Sicilian territory," according to the Italian police. "The structure and hierarchy of the Mafia has been entirely reproduced in Venezuela." The Cuntrera-Caruana clan had direct links with the ruling Commission of the Sicilian Mafia, and are acknowledged by the American Cosa Nostra.[103]
Pasquale, Paolo and Gaspare Cuntrera were expelled from Venezuela in 1992, "almost secretly smuggled out of the country, as if it concerned one of their own drug transports. It was
imperative they could not contact people on the outside who could have used their political connections to stop the expulsion." Their expulsion was ordered by a commission of the Venezuelan Senate headed by Senator Cristobal Fernandez Dalo and his money laundering investigator, Thor Halvorssen Hellum. They were arrested in September 1992 at Fiumicino airport (Rome),[104][105] and in 1996 were sentenced to 13–20 years.[103]
- Norte del Valle Cartel : In 2008 the leader of the Colombian Norte del Valle Cartel, Wilber Varela, was found murdered in a hotel in Mérida in Venezuela.[106] In 2010 Venezuela arrested and deported to the United States Jaime Alberto "Beto" Marin, then head of the Norte del Valle Cartel.[107]
- The Cartel of the Suns According to Jackson Diehl. Deputy Editorial Page Editor of The Washington Post, the Bolivarian government of Venezuela shelters "one of the world’s biggest drug cartels". There have also been allegations that former president Hugo Chávez and Diosdado Cabello being involved with drug trafficking.[108]
In May 2015, The Wall Street Journal reported from United States officials that drug trafficking in Venezuela increased significantly with Colombian drug traffickers moving from Colombia to Venezuela due to pressure from law enforcement.[109] One United States Department of Justice official described the higher ranks of the Venezuelan government and military as "a criminal organization", with high ranking Venezuelan officials, such as National Assembly President Diosdado Cabello, being accused of drug trafficking.[109] Those involved with investigations stated that Venezuelan government defectors and former traffickers had given information to investigators and that details of those involved in government drug trafficking were increasing.[109]
Central America
Honduras
Honduran drug cartels
- Matta organization
- Cachiros
El Salvador
- Mara Salvatrucha
Nicaragua
Nicaraguan drug cartels (see also Contras)
- Oscar Danilo Blandón
Asia
East Asia
Korea
Korean criminal organizations (see also North Korea's illicit activities)
- Jongro street gang
Japan
Japanese criminal organizations
See also Kenji Doihara's criminal activities
The yakuza of Japan are similar to the Italian mafias in that they originated centuries ago and follow a rigid set of traditions, but have several aspects that make them unique, such as their full-body tattoos and their fairly open place in Japanese society. Many yakuza groups are umbrella organizations, smaller gangs reporting to a larger crime syndicate.
Active yakuza groups
Roku-daime Yamaguchi-gumi 六代目山口組[12][13][18][110]- Yoshitomi Group
Yon-daime Yamaken-gumi 四代目山健組[18][110]
Ni-daime Kodo-kai 二代目弘道会[18]
Ni-daime Takumi-gumi 二代目宅見組[110]
Go-daime Kokusui-kai 五代目國粹会[110]
Inagawa-kai 稲川会[12][18][110]
Sumiyoshi-kai 住吉会[13][18][110]
Sumiyoshi-ikka Shinwa-kai 住吉一家親和会
Kansuke Juni-daime 勘助十二代目
- Kobe Yamaguchi-gumi
Matsuba-kai 松葉会[110]
Kyokuto-kai 極東会[110]
Dojin-kai[110] 道仁会
- Kitamura-gumi
Yon-daime Kudo-kai[110] 四代目工藤會
Roku-daime Aizu-Kotetsu-kai 六代目会津小鉄会[110]
Okinawa Kyokuryu-kai 沖縄旭琉会[110]
Kyushu Seido-kai 九州誠道会
Go-daime Kyosei-kai 五代目共政会[110]
San-daime Fukuhaku-kai 三代目福博会
Soai-kai 双愛会[110]
Yon-daime Kyokuryu-kai 四代目旭琉会[110]
San-daime Kyodo-kai 三代目俠道会[110]
Taishu-kai 太州会[110]
Shichi-daime Goda-ikka 七代目合田一家[110]
Toa-kai 東亜会[18]
Ni-daime Azuma-gumi 二代目東組[110]
Yon-daime Asano-gumi 四代目浅野組[110]
Hachi-daime Sakaume-gumi 八代目酒梅組
Yon-daime Kozakura-ikka 四代目小桜一家[110]
Ni-daime Shinwa-kai 二代目親和会[110]
Defunct yakuza groups
Kantō-kai 関東会[110]
Ni-daime Honda-kai 二代目本多会[110]
- Yamaguchi-gumi
Goto-gumi 後藤組[110]
Suishin-kai 水心会[111]
Ichiwa-kai 一和会[13][110]
San-daime Yamano-kai 三代目山野会[110]
Nakano-kai 中野会[18][110]
Kyokuto Sakurai-soke-rengokai 極東桜井總家連合会[110]
China
The Triads is a popular name for a number of Chinese criminal secret societies, which have existed in various forms over the centuries (see for example Tiandihui). However, not all Chinese gangs fall into line with these traditional groups, as many non-traditional criminal organizations have formed, both in China and the Chinese diaspora.
Hong Kong-based Triads
14K Group 十四K
Wo Group 和字頭
Wo Shing Wo 和勝和
Wo On Lok (Shui Fong) 和安樂(水房)
Wo Hop To 和合圖(老和)[112]
Sun Yee On 新義安(老新)
Luen Group 聯字頭
Big Circle Gang 大圈
Sio Sam Ong (小三王)
Chinese-American gangs (See also Tongs)
Wah Ching 華青[113]
- Ping On
Black Dragons 黑龍[114]
Jackson Street Boys 積臣街小子[115]
Taiwan-based Triads
United Bamboo Gang 竹聯幫[116]
Four Seas Gang 四海幫[116]
- Celestial Alliance
Mainland Chinese crime groups (see also Hanlong Group)
Chongqing group 重慶組- Defunct
Honghuzi gangs
Green Gang 青帮
Triads in Cholon
- Wu Bang
Southeast Asia
Golden Triangle[12][18][40][14][117]
Burmese drug cartels(see also Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army)
Khun Sa cartel[18][14](see also Mong Tai Army)
Red Wa Cartel (see also United Wa State Army and National Democratic Alliance Army)
- Hawngleuk Militia
- Han cartel
Laotian drug cartels (see also Ouane Rattikone)
Chao pho
- Red Wa
Filipino crime gangs (See also Abu Sayyaf and New People's Army)
- Salonga Group
Kuratong Baleleng[12]
- Changco gang
- Putik gang
Cambodian crime gangs
Teng Bunma organization
- Indonesia
Preman (See also Pancasila Youth and insurgency in Aceh)
- Medan gang
Malaysian crime gangs
Mamak Gang[118]
Secret societies in Singapore
Ang Soon Tong昂很快塘
Ghee Hin Kongsi 酥油軒懸空寺
Hai San 海新
Wah Kee華記
Ah Kong 新加坡黑手黨
Vietnamese Xã Hội Đen
Bình Xuyên[119]
Đại Cathay's mafia during the 60s
Năm Cam's mafia of the 90s[12][18]
Khánh Trắng's "Đồng Xuân Labor Union", a crime syndicate under the guise of a legal entity
Dung Hà's gang- Vũ Xuân Trường's gang: a crime syndicate led by Vũ Xuân Trường, a government official and also a drug lord.
South Asia
Indian mafia (See also Insurgency in Northeast India)
Mumbai
D-Company डी कंपनी[13][18]
Rajan gang राजन गिरोह[13]
Gawli gang गवली गिरोह[13]
- Rajan gang
- Surve gang
- Mudaliar gang
- Mastan gang
- Budesh gang
- Kalani gang
Pathan mafia
- Lala gang
Uttar Pradesh
- Ansari gang
- Yadav gang
Bangalore
- Rai gang
- Ramachandra gang
- Jayaraj gang
- Kala Kaccha Gang
- Chaddi Baniyan Gang
- Sri Lankan criminal groups
Pakistani Mafia (See also Peoples' Aman Committee, Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, Muttahida Qaumi Movement and ISI involvement with drugs)
- Chotu gang
- Lyari Gang
- Mafia Raj
Dacoit gangs
- Singh gang
Veerappan gang- Devi gang
Middle East
[120][121]
Israeli mafia[12][36][122](see also Stern Gang)
Abergil Crime Family משפחת אברג'יל[12][13]
Alperon crime family אלפרון משפחת פשע[12]
Zeev Rosenstein organization זאב רוזנשטיין הארגון[12]
Palestinian organized crime ( See also Abu Nidal Organization)
Doghmush clan
Turkish mafia[12][13][123]
Crime groups in Turkey (see also Deep state and Yüksekova Gang)
Kilic gang[18]
Cakici gang[18][123]
- Peker gang
- Yaprak gang
- Topal organisation
- Söylemez Gang
Kurdish mafia (see also Kurdistan Workers' Party)
Baybasin drug organization[123]
- Cantürk organization
Turkish organised crime in Great Britain
Arifs[89][124]
Turkish organised crime in Germany
Arabaci clan[125]
Imac clan (Netherlands)
Iranian organized crime (see also Jundallah and illegal activities of the IRGC)
Tahvili crime family[126]
Lebanese mafia (See also Lebanese Civil War militias)
Mhallami-Lebanese crime clans
- Miri-Clan
- Al-Zein Clan
Juomaa drug trafficking organisation (See also Hezbollah)
- Ibrahim clan
Afghanistan
Golden Crescent[12][14]- Afridi Network
Afghan drug cartels[13][36](see also Taliban)
Noorzai Organization[127]
- Khan organization
Karzai organization (alleged)- Bagcho organization
Central Asia
Uzbek mafia (See also Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan)
- Rakhimov organization
Kyrgyz mafia
- Erkinbayev group
- Akmatbayev group
- Kolbayev group
Eurasia
Russia
Although organized crime existed in the Soviet era, the gangs really gained in power and international reach during the transition to capitalism. The term Russian Mafia, 'mafiya' or mob is a blanket (and somewhat inaccurate) term for the various organized crime groups that emerged in this period from the 15 former republics of the USSR and unlike their Italian counterparts does not mean members are necessarily of Russian ethnicity or uphold any ancient criminal traditions, although this is the case for some members.
Russian-Jewish mafia
Brighton Beach
Agron gang[18][128]
Nayfeld gang[128]
Balagula gang[128]
Mogilevich organization[13][129]
Brothers' Circle (Existence is debatable)
Russian mafia (See also Lubyanka Criminal Group, Three Whales Corruption Scandal and Sergei Magnitsky)
- Moscow
Izmaylovskaya gang[13][129]
Solntsevskaya bratva[12][13][18][129]
New York branch[129]
Orekhovskaya gang[129]
St Petersburg (See also Baltik-Eskort)
Tambov Gang[129]
- Togliatti mafia
- Uralmash gang
- Lazovsky gang
- Vladivostok gang
- Kurganskaya group
- Tsapok gang
- 'Elephants' group
- Kazan gang
- Moscow
Caucasus
See also Caucasus Emirate
Georgian mafia[129](See also Mkhedrioni and Forest Brothers)
Kutaisi clan[129][130]
Tbilisi clan[130]
- 21st Century Association
Armenian mafia[131]
Mirzoyan-Terdjanian organization[131]
Armenian Power[131]
Azeri mafia
Janiev organization[132]
Chechen mafia[12][13][129](See also Special Purpose Islamic Regiment and Kadyrovtsy)
Obschina[129]
Labazanov gang[18]
Europe
Sweden
Original Gangsters[133]
Fucked For Life[133]
- Uppsalamaffian
- Chosen Ones
- Werewolf Legion
- Asir
- Vårvädersligan
Netherlands
Dutch 'Penose'
Bruinsma drug gang[18]
Holleeder gang[18]
- Mieremet gang
- Hopi Boys
France
French Milieu (See also Service d'Action Civique)
Corsican mafia[18][117][134](see also National Liberation Front of Corsica)
Unione Corse[40][14]
Brise de Mer gang[134]
Les Caïds Des Cités
- Faïd gang
The Barbarians[135]
- Wigs gang
North African Brigade (see also Carlingue)
Tractions Avant gang[136]
- Bande des Trois Canards
French gypsy gangs
Hornec gang[134]
Greece
- Greek mafia
Ireland
- Ireland (See also Irish Republican Army)
Dublin
Cahill gang[18][89]
Gilligan gang[18][89]
- Foley gang
- Hyland gang
- Dunne gang
- The Westies
Limerick
- McCarthy-Dundon
- Keane-Collopy
- Rathkeale Rovers
- Kinahan gang
Spain
Spain (see also ETA)
- Galician mafia
Romani clans
- El Clan De La Paca
Poland
Poland (See also Group 13)
- Pruszków mafia
- Wołomin mafia
Slovakia
Slovak mafia
- Hungaro-Slovak mafia
Hungary
Romani clans
- Raffael clan
- Sztojka clan
Czech Republic
- Mrázek organization
- Krejčíř organization
Belgium
The Belgian Milieu
- 'Hormone mafia'
- Milieu Liègeois
Italy
Sicilian Mafia[12][13][18][20][17][122]
See also List of Sicilian Mafia clans
- Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan
- Sicilian Mafia Commission
- Inzerillo Mafia clan
- Mandamenti
Corleonesi[12][18]
- Greco Mafia clan
- Motisi Mafia clan
'Ndrangheta[12][18][17]- See also List of 'ndrine
- La Provincia
Honoured Society (Melbourne)[137]
- Mammoliti 'ndrina
- Bellocco 'ndrina
- Cataldo 'ndrina
- Commisso 'ndrina
- Cordì 'ndrina
- De Stefano 'ndrina
- Pesce 'ndrina
- Barbaro 'ndrina
- Piromalli 'ndrina
- Serraino 'ndrina
Siderno Group[19]
Camorra[12][18][36][17]
Secondigliano Alliance
Licciardi clan[17]
Contini clan[17]
Lo Russo clan[17]
Mallardo clan[17]
Nuova Camorra Organizzata[12][18][17]
Di Lauro Clan[17]
Nuova Famiglia[12][17]
Casalesi clan[17]
Fabbrocino clan[17]
Giuliano clan[17]
Nuvoletta clan[17]
Vollaro clan[17]
Scissionisti di Secondigliano[17]
La Torre clan[17]
Alfieri clan[17]
Russo clan[138]
Sacra Corona Unita[12][13][18][17]
Stidda[18]
Mala del Brenta[17]
Rome
Banda della Magliana[139]
Mafia Capitale
Sinti Clan dei Casamonica
- Clan Spada di Ostia
- Clan Spada di Ostia
Milanese gangs
Banda della Comasina[140]
- Turatello crew
- Passione
Balkans
Balkan organized crime gained prominence in the chaos following the communist era, notably the transition to capitalism and the wars in former Yugoslavia.
Albanian mafia[12][13][17]
Kosovan mafia(see also Kosovo Liberation Army)
- Drenica Group
Albania
- Gang of Çole
- Gang of Gaxhai
- Gang of Pusi i Mezinit
Lazarat marijuana growers
Rudaj Organization[141] (New York City)- Gang of Ismail Lika
Dobroshi gang[142] (International)
Naserligan[133] (Sweden)
K-Falangen (Sweden)
Bosnian mafia[12]
Prazina gang[122]
- Bajramović gang
- Delalić gang
M-Falangen (Sweden)
Bulgarian mafia[13][18](see also Multigroup)
VIS[13][18]
- SIC
- Karamanski gang
- TIM
- Naglite
- Rashkov clan
Serbian mafia[12][13]
Arkan clan[13][122]
Zemun Clan[13]
Joca Amsterdam gang- Magaš clan
- Giška gang
Pink Panthers[143]
Serb mafia in Scandinavia
- Kotur mob
- Yugoslav Brotherhood
Montenegrin mafia[12][13](see also allegations of Milo Đukanović's involvement in cigarette smuggling)
Macedonian mafia
- Frankfurt mafia
- Bajrush klan
- Nezim klan'
Romanian mafia
- Băhăian organisation
Great Britain
London
Adams crime family[18][124]
The Richardson Gang[18][89][144]
The Firm[18][89][144]
- The Syndicate
- Comer gang
- Buttmarsh Boys
Interwar era mobs
Messina Brothers[18][89][144]
Sabini syndicate[18][89][144]
Hoxton Gang[89][144]
Elephant and Castle Mob[89][144]
Birmingham Boys[18][144]
- Essex Boys
Manchester
Quality Street Gang[89]
Noonan firm[89]
- Cheetham Hillbillies
- The Gooch Close Gang
Liverpool
Curtis Warren's drug empire[18]
- Whitney gang
Aggi Crew[124]
Glasgow
McGraw firm[18]
Thompson firm[18][89]
- Delta Crime Syndicate
- Brighton razor gangs
- Bestwood Cartel
Ukraine
Ukrainian mafia (See also Ukrainian oligarchs and Oleksandr Muzychko)
- Donetsk Clan
- Salem gang
- Mukacheve cigarette smuggling syndicate
Lithuania
Lithuanian mafia
Vilnius Brigade[145]
Estonia
Estonian mafia
- Linnuvabriku group
Transnistria
- Transnistrian mafia
Other organized crime groups based in Europe
Kurdish mafia "Aşiret"(Tribe)- Turkish mafia
Australia
Sydney
5T gang[146] (1985–1999)
Freeman gang (defunct)
Lenny's gang (1960s)
Mr Sin's gang- Balkan cartel[147]
Razor gangs[148] (1920s)
Melbourne
Carlton Crew[18][137]
Moran family[137]
Williams family[137]
- Pettingill family
- Richmond gang
Other parts of the world
- Jardine, Matheson & Co.
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^ "Cops shoot dead four Mamak Gang members". The Star. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
^ Ooi, Keat Gin (2004) Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Volume 1 ABC-CLIO,
ISBN 1-57607-770-5
^ Sherlock, Ruth (2012-09-08). "Syrian rebels use kidnappings to raise funds". Vancouversun.com. Archived from the original on 2012-09-12. Retrieved 2012-10-09.
^ "BBC News — Syria unrest: Who are the shabiha?". Bbc.co.uk. 2012-05-29. Archived from the original on 2012-09-06. Retrieved 2012-10-09.
^ abcd Siegel, Dina (2003) Global organized crime: trends and developments, Springer,
ISBN 1-4020-1818-5
^ abc "Keeping tabs on the Turkish connection". BBC News. 2002-11-14. Archived from the original on 2008-05-20. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
^ abc "US". independent.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2011-02-23.
^ Rotlicht-Pate muss neun Jahre hinter Gitter Archived 2012-08-04 at Archive.is (German)
^ Vardi, Nathan (2008-04-25). "In Pictures: The World's 10 Most Wanted". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
^ Thursday, Feb. 08, 2007 (2007-02-08). "Warlord or Druglord?". Time. Archived from the original on 2012-02-22. Retrieved 2012-02-19.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^ abc Blumenthal, Ralph (1989-06-04). "Soviet Emigre Mob Outgrows Brooklyn, and Fear Spreads". NY Times. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
^ abcdefghij Varese, Frederico (2005) The Russian mafia: private protection in a new market economy, Oxford University Press,
ISBN 0-19-927949-7
^ ab Schwirtz, Michael (2008-07-30). "The New York Times - In a River Raid, a glimpse of Russia's criminal elite". Russia: Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
^ abc CBS News/Associated Press - Armenian Organized Crime Grows More Complex[dead link]
^ "Ded Dead: the assassination of Russian crime boss Aslan Usoyan ('Ded Khasan')". wordpress.com. 16 January 2013. Archived from the original on 18 February 2013.
^ abc Dagens Nyheter - Ligorna har kopplat greppet om Sverige Archived 2010-08-19 at the Wayback Machine. (Swedish)
^ abc Gayraud, Jean-François (2009) Showbiz, people et corruption, Odile Jacob,
ISBN 2-7381-2232-9
^ "French 'Barbarian' killer jailed". BBC News. 2009-07-10. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
^ Charles Bacelon, Max Clos, etc. Histoire du banditisme et des grandes affaires criminelles, Genève : éditions Famot, 1974. OCLC 77615747
^ abcd Ansley, Greg (April 24, 2010). "Aussie gang boss' death points to inside job". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on February 23, 2013. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
^ "Camorra boss seized in farm raid". BBC News. 2009-10-31. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
^ Nick Squires in Rome 10:00PM BST 05 Jul 2010 (2010-07-05). "Mafia gangster tomb reopened to solve 30-year-old mystery". London: The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2012-05-26. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
^ Cristiano Armati, Italia criminale. Personaggi, fatti e avvenimenti di un'Italia violenta, Newton Compton Editori, 2006
ISBN 978-88-541-1083-0
^ FBI - Cases - Not your average syndicate Archived June 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Aftenposten - Princ Dobroshi satt fri Archived 2010-01-13 at the Wayback Machine. (Norwegian)
^ "BBC News - 'Pink Panther' Tokyo heist suspect extradited to Japan". Bbc.co.uk. 2010-08-14. Archived from the original on 2012-02-22. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
^ abcdefg Thomas, Donald (2006) Villains' paradise: a history of Britain's underworld, Pegasus Books,
ISBN 1-933648-17-1
^ "NY Times - Lithuanians Close A Nuclear Reactor After 3 Threats". New York Times. 1994-11-15. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
^ Small, Clive & Gilling, Tom (2010) Smack Express: How Organized Crime Got Hooked on Drugs, Allen & Unwin,
ISBN 1-74237-208-2
^ "The Aussie gangsters behind one of the world's biggest drug cartels". Courier Mail.
^ Writer, Larry (2009) Razor: Tilly Devine, Kate Leigh and the Razor Gangs Pan Macmillan Australia Pty,
ISBN 1-4050-3951-5
Further reading
Aire, Jose Gutierrez (2012). Blood, Death, Drugs and Sex in Old Mexico. Createspace Independent Pub. ISBN 978-1477592274.
- PBS. 2006. Frontline: Drug Wars.
- Holmes, Jennifer S., de P. Sheila Amin Gutiérrez, and Kevin M. Curtin. "Drugs, Violence, and Development in Colombia: A Department-Level Analysis." Latin American Politics and Society, vol. 48, no. 3, 2006, pp. 157–176,178-IV. ProQuest, https://search.proquest.com/docview/200275766?accountid=14166, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2006.tb00359.x.
External links
- Worldpress.org. 2006. "Mexico: Drug Cartels a Growing Threat." Worldpress.org.
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