Krasnodar




































































































Krasnodar
Краснодар (Russian)
-  City[1]  -

Краснодар.png
Top: View of Rosneft Building and Kubanonaberezhnaya Street,
Middle upper left: Krasnodar Splash Fountain,
Middle lower left: Krasnodar Railway-1 Station,
Middle right: Catherine the Great Monument,
Bottom: Krasnodar Theater Square

Map of Russia - Krasnodar Krai (2008-03).svg
Location of Krasnodar Krai in Russia


Krasnodar is located in Krasnodar Krai

Krasnodar

Krasnodar


Location of Krasnodar in Krasnodar Krai

Coordinates: 45°02′N 38°58′E / 45.033°N 38.967°E / 45.033; 38.967Coordinates: 45°02′N 38°58′E / 45.033°N 38.967°E / 45.033; 38.967
Coat of Arms of Krasnodar (Krasnodar krai).png
Flag of Krasnodar (Krasnodar krai) (2006).png
Coat of arms
Flag
City Day Last non-working day of September[2]

Administrative status (as of May 2013)
Country Russia
Federal subject
Krasnodar Krai[3]
Administratively subordinated to
City of Krasnodar[1]

Administrative center of
Krasnodar Krai,[3] City of Krasnodar[1]

Municipal status (as of February 2012)
Urban okrug Krasnodar Urban Okrug[4]

Administrative center of
Krasnodar Urban Okrug[4]
Head[6]
Evgeny Pervyshov[5]
Representative body
City Duma[6]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 744,995 inhabitants[7]
- Rank in 2010
17th
Population (2018 est.) 1,000,007 inhabitants[8]
Time zone
MSK (UTC+03:00)[9]
Founded
January 12, 1794[2]
City status since 1867[10]
Previous names
Yekaterinodar (until December 7, 1920)[11]

Postal code(s)[12]
350000–350005, 350007, 350010–350012, 350014–350016, 350018–350020, 350033, 350035, 350038–350040, 350042, 350044, 350047, 350049, 350051, 350058, 350059, 350061–350067, 350072, 350075, 350078, 350080, 350086–350090, 350500, 350880, 350890, 350899–350901, 350910–350912, 350931, 350960, 350961, 350963–350965, 350991–350999
Dialing code(s) +7 861phonenum.info
Website

Krasnodar on Wikimedia Commons





















Krasnodar population
2010 Census 744,995[7]
2002 Census 646,175[13]
1989 Census 620,516[14]
1979 Census 560,438[15]

Krasnodar (Russian: Краснода́р, IPA: [krəsnɐˈdar]) is a city and the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Kuban River, approximately 148 kilometers (92 mi) northeast of the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 744,995.[7] According to the Federal Statistics Service of Russia, Krasnodar officially reached a population of 1,000,007 on September 22, 2018, thus the city is the 16th most populated city in Russia, and also the country’s 16th city with at least a million inhabitants.[16]




Contents






  • 1 Name


  • 2 History


  • 3 Administrative and municipal status


  • 4 Main sights


  • 5 Economy


  • 6 Transportation


  • 7 Education


  • 8 Culture


  • 9 Sports


  • 10 Coat of arms


  • 11 Climate


  • 12 Twin towns and sister cities


  • 13 Notable people


  • 14 References


    • 14.1 Notes


    • 14.2 Sources




  • 15 Bibliography


  • 16 External links





Name




Largest shopping mall in the south of Russia «Oz Mall»




A 19th-century photograph of the Kuban Cossacks Obelisk in Yekaterinodar


Krasnodar was founded on January 12, 1794 (Gregorian calendar)[2] as Yekaterinodar (Екатеринода́р). The original name meant "Catherine's Gift", recognizing both Catherine the Great's grant of land in the Kuban region to the Black Sea Cossacks[17] (created from former Zaporozhian Cossacks) and Saint Catherine of Alexandria, who is considered to be the patron of the city. City status was granted in 1867.[10]


On December 7, 1920, as a result of the October Revolution, Yekaterinodar was renamed Krasnodar (Gift of the Reds).[11] The new name consists of Krasno- (Красно- – 'red', i.e. Communist, but also archaic/poetic form of 'beautiful'); and dar (дар – 'gift').[18]



History





Yekaterinodar in the early 20th century


The city originated in 1793 as a military camp, then as a fortress built by the Cossacks to defend imperial borders and to assert Russian dominion over Circassia, a claim which Ottoman Turkey contested. In the first half of the 19th century, Yekaterinodar grew into a busy center of the Kuban Cossacks, gaining official town status in 1867.[19] By 1888 about 45,000 people lived in the city, which had become a vital trade center for southern Russia. In 1897 an obelisk commemorating the two-hundred-year history of the Kuban Cossacks (seen as founded in 1696) was erected in Yekaterinodar.


During the Russian Civil War (1917-1922) the city changed hands several times, coming successively under the control of the Red Army and of the Volunteer Army. Many Kuban Cossacks, as committed anti-Bolsheviks, supported the White Movement. Lavr Kornilov, a White general, captured the city on April 10, 1918, only to be killed a week later when a Bolshevik artillery shell blew up the farmhouse where he had set up his headquarters.


During World War II units of the German Army occupied Krasnodar between August 12, 1942, and February 12, 1943. The city sustained heavy damage in the fighting but was rebuilt and renovated after the war. German forces, including Gestapo and "mobile SS execution squads", killed thousands of Jews, Communists, and "supposed Communist 'partisans.'" Shooting, hanging, burning, and even gas vans were used.[20]


In the summer of 1943, the Soviets began trials, including of their own citizens, for collusion with the Nazis and for participation in war crimes. The first such trial took place at Krasnodar from July 14 to 17, 1943. The Krasnodar tribunal pronounced eight death sentences, which were summarily carried out in the city square in front of a crowd of about thirty thousand people.



Administrative and municipal status


Krasnodar is the administrative center of the krai.[3] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with twenty-nine rural localities, incorporated as the City of Krasnodar—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the City of Krasnodar is incorporated as Krasnodar Urban Okrug.[4]



Main sights





Shukhov's Hyperboloid Tower near Krasnodar's Circus




The Splash Fountain in Krasnodar




Obelisk to Red Army soldiers


Krasnodar is home to the steel lattice hyperboloid tower built by the Russian engineer and scientist Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov in 1928; it is located near Krasnodar Circus.


Other attractions include St. Catherine's Cathedral, the State Arts Museum, a park and theater named after Maxim Gorky, the beautiful concert hall of the Krasnodar Philharmonic Society, which is considered to have some of the best acoustics in southern Russia, State Cossack Choir and the Krasnodar circus


The most interesting place in Krasnodar is Krasnaya Street (which translates as "Red, Beautiful Street"). There are situated many sights of Krasnodar. At the beginning of the street, one can see the Central Concert Hall; at the other end, one can see the Avrora cinema center. A "Triumphal Arch" is situated in the middle of Krasnaya Street.


Theater Square is home to the largest splash fountain in Europe.[21] This fountain was officially inaugurated on September 25, 2011 along with an official ceremony to celebrate the City Day in Krasnodar.



Economy


Krasnodar is the economic center of southern Russia. For several years, Forbes magazine named Krasnodar the best city for business in Russia.[22] The industrial sector of the city has more than 130 large and medium-sized enterprises.


The main industries of Krasnodar:



  • Agriculture and food industry: 42.8%

  • Energy sector: 13.4%

  • Fuel industry: 10.5%

  • Machine construction: 9.4%

  • Forestry and chemical industries: about 4%


Krasnodar is a highly developed commercial area, and has the largest annual turnover in the Southern Federal District of Russia. Retail trade turnover in 2010 reached 290 billion rubles. Per capita, Krasnodar has the highest number of malls in Russia. Note that in the crisis year 2009 turnover of Krasnodar continued to grow, while most of the cities showed a negative trend in the sale of goods.


Krasnodar has the lowest unemployment rate among the cities of the Southern Federal District at 0.3% of the total working-age population. In addition, Krasnodar holds the first place in terms of highest average salary - 21,742 rubles per capita.[23]


Tourism comprises a large part of Krasnodar's economy. There are more than 80 hotels in Krasnodar. The Hilton Garden Inn, opened in 2013, is the first world-class hotel in the city.[24]



Transportation




A new tram


As in many other major cities in Russia, the primary mode of local transportation in Krasnodar is the automobile, though efforts have been made to increase the availability of alternative modes of transportation, including the construction of light railways (projected), biking paths, and wide sidewalks. Public transportation within Krasnodar consists of city buses, trolleybuses, trams, and marshrutkas (routed taxis). Trolleybuses and trams, both powered by overhead electric wires, are the main form of public transportation in Krasnodar, which does not have a metro system.


The main airline was Kuban Airlines (at Krasnodar International Airport), but it closed down in 2012 and now the main ones are Aeroflot and Donavia. The largest hotels in the city include the Intourist, Hotel Moskva, and Hotel Platan. Krasnodar uses a 220 V/50 Hz power supply with two round-pin outlets, like most European countries.


There are also two railway stations in Krasnodar: Krasnodar-1 and Krasnodar-2.




Education


In Krasnodar there are 15 gymnasiums (academic secondary schools) 5 lyceums (colleges of higher education), 110 schools of general education and 20 specialized schools, as well as 7 non-state lyceums and schools.[25]


The city has numerous institutions of higher education, including some state universities (Kuban State University, Kuban State Technological University, Kuban State Agrarian University, Kuban State Medical University, etc.). Other universities include: Marketing and Social Technology University of Krasnodar.



Culture




Pushkin Library


The oldest part of the city is Krasnodar Historic Center, which consists of many historic buildings, several from the 19th century. Buildings have been preserved, restored or reconstructed, and the district is now a substantial tourist attraction.


There are several major theater venues in Krasnodar:



  • The Gorky Krasnodar State Academic Drama Theater

  • The Krasnodar Ballet Theater

  • The Krasnodar State Academic Drama Theater

  • The Krasnodar Regional Puppet Theater

  • The Krasnodar Musical Theater

  • The Children's Ballet Theater "Fugitives"

  • The Krasnodar State Circus

  • The Krasnodar Youth Theater

  • The Ponomarenko Krasnodar Philharmonic

  • The Kuban Cossack Choir

  • The Creative Association "Premiere"

  • The New Puppet Theater


Krasnodar has several major museums. The Kovalenko Krasnodar Regional Art Museum, the oldest public art museum in the North Caucasus, is one of the finest.


The largest public library of the city is the Pushkin Krasnodar Regional Universal Scientific Library, founded in 1900.



Sports


Several professional sports clubs are active in the city:







































































































Club Sport Founded Current League League
Level
Stadium

Kuban Krasnodar (defunct)

Football
1928


FC Krasnodar
Football
2008

Premier League
1st

Krasnodar Stadium

Kubanochka Krasnodar
Football
1988

Women's Supreme Division
1st
Trud Stadium

Urozhay Krasnodar
Football
2018

PFL
3nd

Kuban Stadium

Lokomotiv Kuban

Basketball
2009

VTB United League
1st

Basket Hall

Kuban Krasnodar

Rugby union
1996

Professional Rugby League
1st
Yunost stadium

Kuban Krasnodar (defunct)

Ice hockey
2012


Dinamo Krasnodar

Volleyball
1994

Volleyball Super League
1st

Olimp Sports Palace

Dinamo Krasnodar
Volleyball
1946

Women's Volleyball Super League
1st
Olimp Sports Palace

SKIF Krasnodar

Handball
1963

Handball Super League
1st
Olimp Sports Palace

Kuban Krasnodar
Handball
1965

Women's Handball Super League
1st
Olimp Sports Palace

Krasnodar Bisons

American Football
2006

League of American Football
1st

UTB Kuban


Coat of arms


The coat of arms of Yekaterinodar was introduced in 1841 by the Cossack yesaul Ivan Chernik. The royal letter "E" in the middle is for Ekaterina II (Russian for Catherine II). It also depicts the date the city was founded, the Imperial double headed eagle (symbolizing Tsar's patronage of the Black Sea Cossacks), a bulawa of a Cossack ataman, Yekaterinodar fortress, and flags with letters "E", "P", "A", and "N" standing for Catherine II, Paul I, Alexander I and Nicholas I. Yellow stars around the shield symbolized 59 Black Sea stanitsas around the city.



Climate


Under the Köppen climate classification, Krasnodar has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa).


Winters are cold and damp, with unstable snow cover. The average temperature in January, the area's coldest month, is 1 °C (34 °F). Weather conditions in winter vary greatly in the city; temperatures can exceed 20 °C (68 °F) for a few days, but temperatures below −20 °C (−4 °F) are not uncommon for Krasnodar as the city is not protected by mountains from cold waves. Summers are typically hot, with a July average of 24.1 °C (75.4 °F).


The city receives 735 millimeters (28.9 in) of precipitation annually, fairly spread throughout the year. Extreme storms are rare in the Krasnodar area. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −32.9 to 40.7 °C (−27.2 to 105.3 °F), recorded on January 11, 1940 and July 30, 2000, respectively.






















































































































































































Climate data for Krasnodar
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
20.8
(69.4)
22.2
(72)
28.5
(83.3)
34.7
(94.5)
35.1
(95.2)
37.5
(99.5)
40.7
(105.3)
40.0
(104)
38.5
(101.3)
33.9
(93)
27.4
(81.3)
23.0
(73.4)
40.7
(105.3)
Average high °C (°F)
4.4
(39.9)
5.7
(42.3)
10.7
(51.3)
18.0
(64.4)
23.2
(73.8)
27.1
(80.8)
30.2
(86.4)
30.2
(86.4)
24.9
(76.8)
18.1
(64.6)
10.7
(51.3)
5.8
(42.4)
17.4
(63.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)
0.6
(33.1)
1.1
(34)
5.5
(41.9)
12.2
(54)
17.2
(63)
21.3
(70.3)
24.1
(75.4)
23.7
(74.7)
18.5
(65.3)
12.3
(54.1)
6.1
(43)
2.1
(35.8)
12.1
(53.8)
Average low °C (°F)
−2.2
(28)
−2.3
(27.9)
1.8
(35.2)
7.6
(45.7)
12.2
(54)
16.4
(61.5)
18.7
(65.7)
18.0
(64.4)
13.3
(55.9)
7.9
(46.2)
2.8
(37)
−0.7
(30.7)
7.8
(46)
Record low °C (°F)
−32.9
(−27.2)
−29.8
(−21.6)
−25.6
(−14.1)
−5.6
(21.9)
−1.2
(29.8)
4.2
(39.6)
9.5
(49.1)
3.9
(39)
−2.2
(28)
−9.9
(14.2)
−20.4
(−4.7)
−27.6
(−17.7)
−32.9
(−27.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
66
(2.6)
54
(2.13)
58
(2.28)
51
(2.01)
68
(2.68)
86
(3.39)
56
(2.2)
44
(1.73)
46
(1.81)
56
(2.2)
73
(2.87)
77
(3.03)
735
(28.94)
Average rainy days
13
11
14
15
14
14
10
8
10
12
14
15
150
Average snowy days
11
10
6
0.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
9
39
Average relative humidity (%)
81
76
72
66
66
68
63
62
68
75
81
82
72
Mean monthly sunshine hours
71
84
136
181
247
277
303
286
238
173
88
55
2,139
Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net[26]
Source #2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[27]


Twin towns and sister cities







Krasnodar is twinned with:







































Country
City

 Italy

CoA Città di Ferrara.svg Ferrara

 United Kingdom

Coat of arms of Nottinghamshire County Council.png Nottingham

 Germany

Coat of arms de-bw Karlsruhe.svg Karlsruhe

 China

哈尔滨市徽.jpg Harbin

 Turkey

Emblem of Turkey.svg Samsun

 United States

Seal of Tallahassee, Florida.png Tallahassee, Florida

 Bulgaria

Burgas-coat-of-arms.svg Burgas

 Austria

Wels wappen.jpg Wels

Partnerships:



  • Armenia Yerevan, Armenia (since 2014)[28]


Notable people












References



Notes





  1. ^ abcd Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03


  2. ^ abc Charter of Krasnodar, Article 1


  3. ^ abc Charter of Krasnodar Krai, Article 13


  4. ^ abc Law #670-OZ


  5. ^ Official website of Krasnodar. Evgeny Alekseevich Pervyshov, Head of the Municipal Formation of the City of Krasnodar (in Russian)


  6. ^ ab Charter of Krasnodar, Article 23


  7. ^ abc ‹See Tfd›Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  8. ^ Краснодар официально признан городом-миллионником


  9. ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).


  10. ^ ab Cities and Towns of Russia Encyclopedia, pp. 217–218


  11. ^ ab Azarenkova et al., p. 253.


  12. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)


  13. ^ ‹See Tfd›Russian Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).


  14. ^ ‹See Tfd›"Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.


  15. ^ ‹See Tfd›"Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России" [All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia] (XLS). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года [All-Union Population Census of 1979] (in Russian). 1979 – via Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics.


  16. ^ Краснодар официально признан городом-миллионником


  17. ^ Azarenkova et al., pp. 9ff.


  18. ^ "Renaming of the city of Yekaterinodar" (in Russian). Official site of the Education and Science Department of Krasnodar Krai. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2010.


  19. ^ "'Rachel's Challenge' promotes little acts of kindness among Calgary kids". britannica.com. 2009-01-14. Retrieved 2017-03-09.


  20. ^ Lichtblau (2014), p. 47-48


  21. ^ "The Splash Fountain in Krasnodar". Sergio-zevs.blogspot.com. 2011-09-25. Retrieved 2012-12-17.


  22. ^ "Krasnodar again was named best city for business in Russia. RU". Vesti.kz. Retrieved 2012-12-17.


  23. ^ В рейтинге Минрегионразвития Краснодар лидирует по 16-ти из 26-ти позиций Archived May 4, 2013, at Archive.is


  24. ^ Центральная Югополис, 30.04.2013


  25. ^ Рейтинг школ: кто первый? «Югополис», 05.01.2011


  26. ^
    "Pogoda.ru.net (Weather and Climate-The Climate of Krasnodar)" (in Russian). Weather and Climate. Retrieved December 10, 2015.



  27. ^
    "Krasnodar Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 10, 2015.



  28. ^ . Yerevan Municipal Government https://www.yerevan.am/en/partner/partner-cities/. Retrieved 2018-04-18. Missing or empty |title= (help)




Sources




  • Городская Дума Краснодара. Решение №11 п. 6 от 21 апреля 2011 г. «О принятии Устава муниципального образования город Краснодар», в ред. Решения №78 п. 3 от 28 апреля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав муниципального образования город Краснодар». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования после государственной регистрации, за исключением пунктов 1–3, 5, 7, вступающих в силу со дня подписания. Опубликован: "Краснодарские известия", №89, 9 июня 2011 г. (City Duma of Krasnodar. Decision #11 p. 6 of April 21, 2011 On the Adoption of the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the City of Krasnodar, as amended by the Decision #78 p. 3 of April 28, 2015 On Amending the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the City of Krasnodar. Effective as of the day of the official publication after the state registration, with the exception of items 1–3, 5, 7, which take effect upon signing off.).


  • «Устав Краснодарского края», в ред. Закона №2870-КЗ от 30 декабря 2013 г «О внесении изменений в Устав Краснодарского края». Опубликован: "Кубанские новости", 10 ноября 1993 г. ( Charter of Krasnodar Krai, as amended by the Law #2870-KZ of December 30, 2013 On Amending the Charter of Krasnodar Krai. ).


  • Управление по взаимодействию с органами местного самоуправления Администрации Краснодарского края. Справочная информация №34.01-707/13-03 от 23 мая 2013 г. «Реестр административно-территориальных единиц Краснодарского края». (Department of Cooperation with the Organs of the Local Self-Government of the Administration of Krasnodar Krai. Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03 of May 23, 2013 Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units of Krasnodar Krai. ).


  • Законодательное Собрание Краснодарского края. Закон №670-КЗ от 10 марта 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципального образования город Краснодар и наделении его статусом городского округа», в ред. Закона №2435-КЗ от 3 февраля 2012 г «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Краснодарского края об установлении границ муниципальных образований». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Кубанские новости", №37–38, 13 марта 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnodar Krai. Law #670-OZ of March 10, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the City of Krasnodar and on Granting It Urban Okrug Status, as amended by the Law #2435-KZ of February 3, 2012 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of Krasnodar Krai on Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).


  • Энциклопедия Города России (Cities and Towns of Russia, Encyclopedia). Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.


  • Азаренкова, А. С.; Бондарь, И. Ю. ; Вертышева, Н. С.  (1986). Основные административно-территориальные преобразования на Кубани (1793–1985 гг.) (in Russian). Краснодарское книжное издательство.

  • Lichtblau, Eric. "The Nazis Next Door: How America Became A Safe Haven For Hitler's Men" (2014) pp: 47-48.



Bibliography


See also: Bibliography of the history of Krasnodar


External links








Krasnaya Street boulevard, Krasnodar



  • Official website of Krasnodar City Administration and City Duma

  • Krasnodar photographs

  • Krasnodar news

  • News and events in Krasnodar

  • Old pictures of Yekaterinodar










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