Julia Flavia hairstyle, Terracotta made in Smyrna, c. 90 - Louvre
Julia Flavia (8 September 64 – 91) was the daughter and only child to Roman Emperor Titus from his second marriage to the well-connected Marcia Furnilla.
Contents
1Biography
2Ancestry
3Nerva–Antonine family tree
4Notes
5Further reference
Biography
Julia was born in Rome. Her parents divorced when Julia was an infant, due to her mother's family's connections to the opponents of Emperor Nero. In 65, after the failure of the Pisonian conspiracy, the family of Marcia Furnilla was disfavored by Nero. Julia's father, Titus concluded that he did not want to be connected with any potential plotters and ended his marriage to Marcia Furnilla. Julia was raised by her father. Titus conquered Jerusalem on Julia's sixth birthday.
When growing up, Titus offered her in marriage to his brother Domitian, but he refused because of his infatuation with Domitia Longina. Later she married her second paternal cousin Titus Flavius Sabinus, brother to consul Titus Flavius Clemens, who married her first cousin Flavia Domitilla. By then Domitian had seduced her.
When her father and husband died, in the words of Dio, Domitian:
"lived with [her] as husband with wife, making little effort at concealment. Then upon the demands of the people he became reconciled with Domitia, but continued his relations with Julia nonetheless."[1]
Juvenal condemns this liaison as follows:
"Such a man was that adulterer [i.e. Domitian] who, after lately defiling himself by a union of the tragic style, revived the stern laws that were to be a terror to all men – ay, even to Mars and Venus – just as Julia was relieving her fertile womb and giving birth to abortions that displayed the likeness of her uncle."[2]
Becoming pregnant, Julia died of what was rumoured to be a forced abortion. Julia was deified and her ashes were later mixed and burned with Domitian's by Domitian's former nurse secretly in the Temple of the Flavians.[3]
.mw-parser-output .smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps} Titus (r. 79–81)
Marcia Furnilla
Marcia
Trajanus Pater
Nerva (r. 96–98)
Ulpia[i]
Aelius Hadrianus Marullinus
Julia Flavia[ii]
Marciana[iii]
C. Salonius Matidius[iv]
Trajan (r. 98–117)
Plotina
P. Acilius Attianus
P. Aelius Afer[v]
Paulina Major[vi]
Lucius Mindius (2)
Libo Rupilius Frugi (3)
Matidia[vii]
L. Vibius Sabinus (1)[viii]
Paulina Minor[vi]
L. Julius Ursus Servianus[ix]
Matidia Minor[vii]
Suetonius?[x]
Sabina[iii]
Hadrian[v][xi][vi] (r. 117–138)
Antinous[xii]
Julia Balbilla?[xiii]
C. Fuscus Salinator I
Julia Serviana Paulina
M. Annius Verus[xiv]
Rupilia Faustina[xv]
Boionia Procilla
Cn. Arrius Antoninus
L. Ceionius Commodus
Appia Severa
C. Fuscus Salinator II
L. Caesennius Paetus
Arria Antonina
Arria Fadilla[xvi]
T. Aurelius Fulvus
L. Caesennius Antoninus
L. Commodus
Fundania Plautia
ignota[xvii]
C. Avidius Nigrinus
M. Annius Verus[xv]
Domitia Lucilla[xviii]
Fundania[xix]
M. Annius Libo[xv]
FAUSTINA[xvi]
Antoninus Pius (r. 138–161)[xvi]
L. Aelius Caesar[xvii]
Avidia Plautia[xvii]
Cornificia[xv]
MARCUS AURELIUS (r. 161–180)[xx]
FAUSTINA Minor[xx]
C. Avidius Cassius[xxi]
Aurelia Fadilla[xvi]
LUCIUS VERUS (r. 161–169)[xvii] (1)
Ceionia Fabia[xvii]
Plautius Quintillus[xxii]
Q. Servilius Pudens
Ceionia Plautia[xvii]
Cornificia Minor[xxiii]
M. Petronius Sura
COMMODUS (r. 177–192)[xx]
Fadilla[xxiii]
M. Annius Verus Caesar[xx]
Ti. Claudius Pompeianus (2)
Lucilla[xx]
M. Plautius Quintillus[xvii]
Junius Licinius Balbus
Servilia Ceionia
Petronius Antoninus
L. Aurelius Agaclytus (2)
Aurelia Sabina[xxiii]
L. Antistius Burrus (1)
Plautius Quintillus
Plautia Servilla
C. Furius Sabinus Timesitheus
Antonia Gordiana
Junius Licinius Balbus?
Furia Sabina Tranquillina
GORDIAN III (r. 238–244)
(1) = 1st spouse
(2) = 2nd spouse
(3) = 3rd spouse
Reddish purple indicates emperor of the Nerva-Antonine dynasty
lighter purple indicates designated imperial heir of said dynasty who never reigned
grey indicates unsuccessful imperial aspirants
bluish purple indicates emperors of other dynasties
dashed lines indicate adoption; dotted lines indicate love affairs/unmarried relationships
small caps = posthumously deified (Augusti, Augustae, or other)
Notes:
Except where otherwise noted, the notes below indicate that an individual's parentage is as shown in the above family tree.
^Sister of Trajan's father: Giacosa (1977), p. 7.
^Giacosa (1977), p. 8.
^ abLevick (2014), p. 161.
^Husband of Ulpia Marciana: Levick (2014), p. 161.
^ abGiacosa (1977), p. 7.
^ abcDIR contributor (Herbert W. Benario, 2000), "Hadrian".
^ abGiacosa (1977), p. 9.
^Husband of Salonia Matidia: Levick (2014), p. 161.
^Smith (1870), "Julius Servianus".[dead link]
^Suetonius a possible lover of Sabina: One interpretation of HA Hadrianus 11:3
^Smith (1870), "Hadrian", pp. 319–322.[dead link]
^Lover of Hadrian: Lambert (1984), p. 99 and passim; deification: Lamber (1984), pp. 2–5, etc.
^Julia Balbilla a possible lover of Sabina: A. R. Birley (1997), Hadrian, the Restless Emperor, p. 251, cited in Levick (2014), p. 30, who is sceptical of this suggestion.
^Husband of Rupilia Faustina: Levick (2014), p. 163.
^ abcdLevick (2014), p. 163.
^ abcdLevick (2014), p. 162.
^ abcdefgLevick (2014), p. 164.
^Wife of M. Annius Verus: Giacosa (1977), p. 10.
^Wife of M. Annius Libo: Levick (2014), p. 163.
^ abcdeGiacosa (1977), p. 10.
^The epitomator of Cassius Dio (72.22) gives the story that Faustina the Elder promised to marry Avidius Cassius. This is also echoed in HA "Marcus Aurelius" 24.
^Husband of Ceionia Fabia: Levick (2014), p. 164.
^ abcLevick (2014), p. 117.
References:
DIR contributors (2000). "De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and Their Families". Retrieved 2015-04-14..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
Giacosa, Giorgio (1977). Women of the Caesars: Their Lives and Portraits on Coins. Translated by R. Ross Holloway. Milan: Edizioni Arte e Moneta. ISBN 0-8390-0193-2.
Lambert, Royston (1984). Beloved and God: The Story of Hadrian and Antinous. New York: Viking. ISBN 0-670-15708-2.
Levick, Barbara (2014). Faustina I and II: Imperial Women of the Golden Age. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-537941-9.
William Smith, ed. (1870). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.
Notes
^Cassius Dio, 67.3
^Juvenal, Satires ii.32.
^Suetonius, Domitian 17.3
Further reference
Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars – Titus & Domitian 17, 22.
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