FC Bayern Munich Junior Team
Full name | FC Bayern Munich Junior Team | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Founded | 1902 1995 (Restructured) | |||
Ground | FC Bayern Campus | |||
Capacity | 2,500 | |||
Director | Jochen Sauer | |||
| ||||
Active departments of FC Bayern Munich | ||
---|---|---|
Football (men's) | Football II (men's) | Football JT (men's) |
Football (women's) | Football (seniors) | Basketball |
Handball | Chess | Bowling |
Table tennis | Referees |
The FC Bayern Munich Junior Team is the youth academy for German football club Bayern Munich. The Junior Team was created in 1902 and restructured in 1995. It has educated many players who have become regulars in the Bundesliga and Germany.[1] The vision for the Junior Team is "to educate young players so that it will be possible for FCB to keep a global position in club football in the next millennium and its mission is "to have the best youth development in club football. Bayern Munich have to test before the school will accept and you can study free until you graduate if you have a talent."
Contents
1 History
2 Overview
3 Scouting
4 Reserve team
5 Current youth squads
5.1 Under 19
5.2 Under 17
6 Technical staff
7 Noted graduates
8 Honours
8.1 Youth
9 Recent seasons
9.1 Under 19
9.2 Under 17
10 Heads of the Junior Team
11 German championship winning teams
11.1 Under 19
11.2 Under 17
12 References
13 External links
History
The Junior Team was created in 1902[2] and restructured in 1995.[3]
In 2006 FC Bayern purchased land near the Allianz Arena with the purpose of building a new youth academy. In 2015 the project, estimated to cost €70 million, was started, after overcoming internal resistance. The main reasons for the project were that the existing facilities were to small and that the club, while very successful at senior level, lacked competitiveness with other German and European clubs at youth level. The new facility is scheduled to open in the 2017–18 season.[4]
Overview
The vision for the Junior Team is "to educate young players so that it will be possible for FCB to keep a global position in club football in the next millennium and its mission is "to have the best youth development in club football."[5]
There are 165 players, 16 instructors and managers, 1 physiotherapist and 1 masseur.[2] Rosters remain unchanged while the kids learn their trade whether it be for goalkeeper, defence, midfield or forward. They are trained for no more than 1 or 2 positions.[6]
Bayern Munich Junior Team uses a 4–3–3 formation system from D Juniors and upwards.[2] Players from overseas are offered accommodation in a youth apartment block with 13 single rooms inside the club grounds on Säbener Straße.[2] The facility arrangement at different to many other high-profile clubs, in that both the first team and the youth teams train at the same location.[3]
Bayern Munich has a residence building for players who are between 15 and 18 and live too far away from the training ground.[7] Up to 14 youth team players can live there.[7] They have an employee in the residence building where in the morning waking up and prepares a breakfast buffet and also takes care of small and large problems of youth players.[7] There are up to eight part-time teachers are available to support the youth players to compensate for the educational gaps.[7] The ground floor of the youth center is also the office of the junior team and a meeting room for the coaches.[7]
Scouting
Bayern Munich has scouts all over the world, though most of the scouting happens within a few hours drive of Munich.[6]Thomas Hitzlsperger, Christian Lell, Andreas Ottl, current first team player Philipp Lahm and most recent graduates Holger Badstuber, Diego Contento and Thomas Müller are all from either Munich or within a 70 km radius of the city.
As part of the restructuring and to help find players for the Junior Team, Bayern Munich has developed a "Talent Day" where up to 500 boys are scouted. The Talent Days are done over Saturday and Sunday.[8] The format used is 3 twenty-minute 5-a-side matches on reduced-sized football fields.[8] The scouts are looking for how well the participants "cope with the ball" "particular skill", "excellent dribbling" and "good vision".[8] An average of seven children will make it to the Bayern Munich Junior Team during Talent days.[6] Talent Days has drawn "worldwide attention".[8] The event has drawn participants from all over Germany along with participants from Austria, France, Italy, Egypt, Slovenia, Slovakia and Australia.[8][9]
In 2003, Bayern Munich started partnering with other football clubs.[10] The partner clubs are SpVgg Unterhaching, Ingolstadt 04, Kickers Offenbach and Ulm 1846, 1860 Rosenheim, SpVgg Landshut, TSV Milbertshofen and SC Fürstenfeldbruck.[10] SpVgg Unterhaching, Ingolstadt 04, Kickers Offenbach and Ulm 1846 are the elite partners.[10] 1860 Rosenheim and SpVgg Landshut are regional partners.[10] TSV Milbertshofen and SC Fürstenfeldbruck are local partners.[10] Udo Bassemir is responsible for club partnerships.[10] Players they are interested in are not transferred immediately.[10] They allow the player to train at their own club and at Bayern Munich's training fields and the transfer happens at the "right time".[10]
Reserve team
The penultimate stage for youngsters at Bayern is Bayern Munich II, which currently plays in the Regionalliga Bayern.
Current youth squads
Under 19
- As of 22 July 2018[11]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Under 17
- As of 22 July 2018[12]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
|
|
Technical staff
The director of the youth setup at Bayern Munich is Jochen Sauer.[13] The following staff are in charge of the various age groups:
Role | Under-19[11] | Under-17[12] |
---|---|---|
Head coach | Sebastian Hoeneß | Miroslav Klose |
Assistant coach | David Krecidlo | Slaven Skeledzic |
Goalkeeper coach | Tom Starke | Uwe Gospodarek |
Athletic coach | Tobias Dippert | Stephan Kerth |
Fitness coach | Florian Brandner | Max Harzmann |
Noted graduates
The following players played either first team football for Bayern or in the Bundesliga for another club:
Player | Year joined club | Years played for 1st team | National team | Years Played for National Team | Major Accomplishments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Franz Beckenbauer | 1959 | 1964 – 1977 | Germany | 1965 – 1977 | WC74(c), EC72(c), EC runner-up 76, Euro Cup 74, 75, 76 |
Sepp Maier | 1959 | 1962 – 1979 | Germany | 1966 – 1979 | WC74, EC72, EC runner-up 76 Euro Cup 74, 75, 76 |
Hans-Georg Schwarzenbeck | 1962 | 1966 – 1981 | Germany | 1971 – 1978 | WC74, EC72, EC runner-up 76 Euro Cup 74, 75, 76 |
Klaus Augenthaler | 1975 | 1976 – 1991 | Germany | 1983 – 1990 | WC90, EC80, Euro Cup runner-up 82, 87 |
Hans Pflügler | 1975 | 1981 – 1992, 1995 | Germany | 1987 – 1990 | WC90 |
Manfred Schwabl | 1977 | 1985 – 1986, 1989 – 1993 | Germany | 1987 – 1988 | — |
Max Eberl | 1979 | 1991 – 1994 | — | — | — |
Raimond Aumann | 1980 | 1982 – 1994 | Germany | 1989 – 1990 | WC90, Euro Cup Runner-up 1987 |
Markus Babbel | 1981 | 1991 – 2000 | Germany | 1995 – 2000 | EC96, UCL runner-up 99, UEFA Cup 96, 01 |
Christian Nerlinger | 1986 | 1992 – 1998 | Germany | 1998 – 1999 | UEFA Cup 96 |
Dietmar Hamann | 1989 | 1993 – 1998 | Germany | 1998 – 2005 | WC runner-up 02, UCL 06, UEFA Cup 96, 01 |
Thomas Hitzlsperger | 1989 | — | Germany | 2004 – 2010 | EC runner-up 08 |
Uwe Gospodarek | 1989 | 1991–1995 | — | — | — |
Christian Lell | 1993[14] | 2003–2010 | — | — | — |
David Jarolím | 1995 | 1997 – 2000 | Czech Republic | 2005 – 2009 | UCL runner-up 99 |
Philipp Lahm | 1995[15] | 2002 – 2017 | Germany | 2004 – 2014 | WC14(c), EC runner-up 08, UCL 13, UCL runner-up 10, 12 |
Mats Hummels | 1995 | 2007 – 2009; 2016 – present | Germany | 2010 – present | WC14, UCL runner-up 13 |
Diego Contento | 1995[16] | 2010 – 2014 | — | — | UCL runner-up 10 |
Georg Niedermeier | 1995 | — | — | — | — |
Stephan Fürstner | 1995 | 2006-2009 | — | — | — |
Sandro Wagner | 1995 | 2007-2008 | — | — | 2 goals in UEFA U-21 Final win over England |
Andreas Ottl | 1996 | 2005–2011 | — | — | — |
Philipp Heerwagen | 1997 | — | — | — | — |
Markus Feulner | 1997 | 2001–2003 | — | — | — |
Owen Hargreaves | 1997 | 2001–2007 | England | 2001 – 2008 | UCL 01, 08 |
Mehmet Ekici | 1997 | 2010–2011 | Turkey | 2010 – present | — |
Bastian Schweinsteiger | 1998[17] | 2003 – 2015 | Germany | 2004 – 2016 | WC14, EC Runner-up 08, UCL 13, UCL runner-up 10, 12 |
Piotr Trochowski | 1999 | 2002–2005 | Germany | 2006 – 2010 | EC Runner-up 08, Europa League 13, Intertoto Cup 05, 07 |
Thomas Müller | 2000[18] | 2008 – present | Germany | 2010 – present | WC14, UCL 13, UCL runner-up 10, 12 |
Zvjezdan Misimović | 2000 | 2003–2004 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2004 – 2014 | 2nd in caps and goals for Bosnia and Herzogovina |
Michael Rensing | 2000 | 2003–2010 | — | — | — |
Holger Badstuber | 2002[19] | 2009 – 2017 | Germany[20] | 2010[20] – present | UCL 13, CWC 13 |
José Paolo Guerrero | 2002 | 2004–2006 | Peru | 2005 – present | CWC 12, Intertoto Cup 07, Peru's all-time leading scorer |
Thomas Kraft | 2004 | 2008 – 2011 | — | — | — |
Gianluca Gaudino | 2004 | 2014 – 2017 | — | — | — |
Toni Kroos | 2006 | 2007 – 2014 | Germany | 2010 – present | WC14, UCL 13, 16, UCL runner-up 12 |
David Alaba | 2008 | 2010 – present | Austria | 2009 – present | UCL 13, UCL runner-up 10, 12 |
Emre Can | 2009 | 2012 – 2013 | Germany | 2015 – present | UCL 13, Europa League runner-up 16 |
Alessandro Schöpf | 2009 | — | Austria | 2016 – present | — |
Julian Green | 2010 | 2013 – 2016 | United States | 2014 – present | Scored 1 goal in 10 minutes at WC14 |
Note: So far, that means the Bayern München Junior Academy has produced;
FIFA World Cup
- 2 World Cup winning captains
- 11 World Cup winners
UEFA European Championships
- 5 European Championship winners
UEFA Champions League
- 13 European Cup/ Champions League winners
UEFA Europa League
- 5 UEFA Cup/Europa League winners
Honours
Youth
Under 19 Bundesliga
Winners: 2001, 2002, 2004
Runners-up: 1998, 2006, 2007, 2012
Under 17 Bundesliga
Winners: 1989, 1997, 2001, 2007, 2017
Runners-up: 2000, 2009
South/Southwest German Under 19 championship
Winners: 2004, 2007, 2012, 2013
South/Southwest German Under 17 championship
Winners: 2009
Southern German Under 19 championship
Winners: 1950, 1954
Southern German Under 15 championship
Winners: 1982, 1985, 1987, 1990, 1991
Bavarian Under 19 championship
Winners: 1950, 1954, 1966, 1972, 1973, 1981, 1985, 1987, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996
Runners-up: 1946, 1960, 1964, 1980, 1999‡
Bavarian Under 17 championship
Winners: 1976, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2010‡, 2014‡
Runners-up: 1982, 1987, 1990, 1992, 1996, 2012‡, 2015‡
Bavarian Under 15 championship
Winners: 1975, 1978, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1990, 1991, 1994, 1995, 2007, 2009
Runners-up: 1976, 1977, 1988, 1992, 2008
‡ Reserve team
Recent seasons
The recent season-by-season performance of the club's under 19 and under 17 sides since 2003–04:[21]
|
Year | Division | Tier | LeaguePosition | NationalChampionship |
2003–04 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | I | 1st | Champions |
2004–05 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 6th | — | |
2005–06 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 2nd | Runners-up | |
2006–07 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 1st | Runners-up | |
2007–08 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 3rd | — | |
2008–09 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 3rd | — | |
2009–10 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 9th | — | |
2010–11 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 7th | — | |
2011–12 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 1st | Runners-up | |
2012–13 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 1st | Semi-finals | |
2013–14 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 6th | — | |
2014–15 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 5th | — | |
2015–16 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 8th | — | |
2016–17 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 1st | Runners-up | |
2017–18 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 2nd | — |
Under 17
Year | Division | Tier | LeaguePosition | NationalChampionship |
2003–04 | Regionalliga – South | I | 6th | — |
2004–05 | Regionalliga – South | 5th | — | |
2005–06 | Regionalliga – South | 3rd | — | |
2006–07 | Regionalliga – South | 1st | Champions | |
2007–08 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 6th | — | |
2008–09 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 1st | Runners-up | |
2009–10 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 6th | — | |
2010–11 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 4th | — | |
2011–12 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 4th | — | |
2012–13 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 8th | — | |
2013–14 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 6th | — | |
2014–15 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 5th | — | |
2015–16 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 2nd | — | |
2016–17 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 1st | Champions | |
2017–18 | Bundesliga – South/Southwest | 1st | Runners-up |
Heads of the Junior Team
Head | Start date | End date | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Werner Kern | 1998 | 30 June 2012 | [3][22] |
Hans-Jörg Butt | 1 July 2012 | 7 August 2012 | [22][23] |
Wolfgang Dremmler | 9 August 2012 | 30 June 2017 | [24] |
Jochen Sauer | 1 July 2017 | Present | [25] |
German championship winning teams
Bayern Munich has won the German under 19 championship three times and the under 17 championship five times. Here are the championship winning teams with goals in the final in brackets:
Under 19
2001:[26][27]FC Bayern Munich – Bayer Leverkusen 3–2 |
Philipp Heerwagen - Leonhard Haas (1) - Markus Husterer - Peter Endres - Martin Rietzler - Enzo Contento - Paul Thomik - Barbaros Barut - Markus Feulner - Philipp Lahm - Zvjezdan Misimović (1) - Piotr Trochowski (1) - Florian Heller - Yunus Karayün |
2002:[28][29]FC Bayern Munich – VfB Stuttgart 4–0 |
Michael Rensing - Leonhard Haas - Alexander Aischmann - Andreas Ottl - Barbaros Barut - Michael Stegmayer - Christian Lell - Paul Thomik - Bastian Schweinsteiger - Philipp Lahm (1) - Piotr Trochowski (2) - Erdal Kilicaslan (1) - Borut Semler - Serkan Atak - Peter Endres |
2004:[30]FC Bayern Munich – VfL Bochum 3–0 |
Johannes Höcker - Philipp Rehm - Jan Mauersberger - Georg Niedermeier - Michael Stegmayer - Paul Thomik (1) - Andreas Ottl (1) - Rainer Storhas - Timo Heinze - José Luis Ortíz - Fabian Müller - Borut Semler (1) - Sebastian Heidinger - Markus Steinhöfer - Marijan Holjevac |
Under 17
1989:[31]FC Bayern Munich – Hertha Zehlendorf 1–1 (5–4 pen) |
Andreas Schöttl - Markus Babbel - Daniel Punzelt - Mate Karaula - Dieter Schönberger - Alexander Roth - Schmidt - Christian Nerlinger - Max Eberl - Gehann - Wolfgang Tripp - Bauer - Papachristous |
1997: FC Bayern Munich – Werder Bremen 3–0 |
Matthias Küfner – Marcin Mamzer - Stephan Kling - Stefan Bürgermeier - Simon Kelletshofer – Sebastian Backer - Benjamin Schöckel - Steffen Hofmann - Sebastian Bönig - Zvjezdan Misimović - Daniel Jungwirth – Patrick Mölzl - Thomas Hitzlsperger - Aykin Aydemir - David Reinisch |
2001:[26]FC Bayern Munich – Borussia Dortmund 4–0 |
Michael Rensing - Markus Grünberger - Andy Balck - Daniel Brode - Christian Lell - Florian Stegmann - Andreas Ottl - Bastian Schweinsteiger (1) - Ada Oğuz - Thorsten Schulz - Paul Thomik - Domenico Contento - Erdal Kilicaslan (2) - Serkan Atak (1) - Robert Rakaric |
2007:[32]FC Bayern Munich – Borussia Dortmund 1–0 |
Ferdinand Oswald - Uwe Schlottner - Christoph Herberth - Matthias Haas - Moritz Schapfl - Mario Erb - Gianluca Simari - Roberto Soriano - Jonas Hummels - Diego Contento - Mehmet Ekici - Nikola Trkulja - Vincent Bönig - Yannick Kakoko (1) - Florian Elender |
2017:[33]FC Bayern Munich – Werder Bremen 2–0 |
Michael Wagner - Thomas Rausch - Alexander Nitzl - Lars Lukas Mai - Marin Pudić - Tobias Heiland - Daniel Jelisić - Flavius Daniliuc - Marcel Zylla (1) - Can Karatas - Benedict Hollerbach (1) - Franck Evina - Progon Maloku - Oliver Batista Meier - Yannick Brugger |
References
^ Jon Townsend (18 March 2015). "The Bayern Munich Academy Way". These Football Times. Retrieved 16 December 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ abcd "Junior Team 2004-5". Bayern Munich. Archived from the original on 9 November 2006. Retrieved 1 November 2006.
^ abc "THE BOYS of BAYERN: A look at the FC Bayern Munich Junior Team". Retrieved 4 November 2006.
^ "Neues Nachwuchsleistungszentrum" [New youth academy]. spiegel.de (in German). Der Spiegel. 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
^ "THE BOYS of BAYERN: A look at the FC Bayern Munich Junior Team". Retrieved 1 November 2006.
^ abc "THE BOYS of BAYERN: A look at the FC Bayern Munich Junior Team". Retrieved 1 November 2006.
^ abcde "Das Jugendhaus" (in German). FC Bayern Munich. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
^ abcde "Australian lad among crop of hopefuls". Bayern Munch. 19 June 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
^ "'Total success' with kids from all over the world". Bayern Munich. 4 June 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
^ abcdefgh "VEREINSPARTNERSCHAFTEN" (in German). FC Bayern Munich. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
^ ab "FC Bayern U19 – Der Kader 2018/19" [FC Bayern U19 – The 2018–19 squad]. fcbayern.com (in German). Fußball-Club Bayern München e. V. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
^ ab "FC Bayern U17 – Der Kader 2018/19" [FC Bayern U17 – The 2018–19 squad]. fcbayern.com (in German). Fußball-Club Bayern München e. V. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
^ "First week at the FC Bayern Campus". fcbayern.com. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
^ "Defender Lell heads for Hertha Berlin". Bayern Munich. 23 June 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
^ "Philipp Lahm". Bayern Munich. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
^ "Diego Contento". Bayern Munich. Archived from the original on 30 May 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
^ "Bastian Schweinsteiger". Bayern Munich. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
^ "Thomas Müller". Bayern Munich. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
^ "Holger Badstuber". Bayern Munich. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
^ ab "Badstuber earns first senior cap". Bayern Munich. 30 May 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
^ Fussball.de - Ergebnisse (in German) Tables and results of all German football leagues
^ ab "Club bids official farewell to Butt & Co". FC Bayern Munich. 22 May 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
^ "Butt to leave FCB youth development post". FC Bayern Munich. 7 August 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
^ "Dremmler appointed head of FCB youth section". FC Bayern Munich. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
^ "FC Bayern Campus: the new conveyor belt of talent". fcbayern.com. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
^ ab Deutschlands Fussball in Zahlen - Die Saison 2000-01 (in German) publisher: DSFS, published: 2001, page: 287, accessed: 1 December 2008
^ Meisterschaft 2000/2001 .:. Finale (in German) Weltfussball.de, accessed 20 June 2013
^ Deutschlands Fussball in Zahlen - Die Saison 2001-02 (in German) publisher: DSFS, published: 2002, page: 307, accessed: 1 December 2008
^ Meisterschaft 2001/2002 .:. Finale (in German) Weltfussball.de, accessed 20 June 2013
^ Meisterschaft 2003/2004 .:. Finale (in German) Weltfussball.de, accessed 20 June 2013
^ 50 Jahre Bayerischer Fussball Bund (in German) publisher: BFV, published: 1996, page: 130, accessed: 1 December 2008
^ B-Jugend erneut Vizemeister Archived 26 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in German) , accessed: 1 December 2008
^ "U 17 Championship, 2017, Final". dfb.de (in German). 18 June 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
External links
- Bayern Munich U19 Team website
The Bayern Munich academy way – These Football Times (2015)