Psamathe (Crotopus)




For other uses, see Psamathe.

Psamathe (Ancient Greek: Ψάμαθη, from ψάμαθος "sand of the sea-shore"), sometimes given only as the daughter of Crotopus, was daughter of King Crotopus of Argos, who became the lover of the god Apollo. Fearing her father, she exposed the child (Linus) which was killed by shepherd dogs, and she herself was condemned to death by her father, according to some tellings.


Apollo then punished the city of Argos with a plague, and/or a monster (variously called Poena, or Ker, or Lamia, that ate the city's children, until it was slain by a hero named Coroebus of Argos. The God could not be appeased until the King (or the hero) expelled himself from the city, and go dwell in the vicinity of Megara.




Contents






  • 1 Etymology


  • 2 Mythology


    • 2.1 Monster


    • 2.2 Coroebus, the Argive




  • 3 Explanatory notes


  • 4 References





Etymology


Psmathe was theorized to be a sea-nymph (nereid) by Karl Bernhard Stark (de) (1863) and a peronsification of "sand of the sea-shore" (Greek: ψάμαθος psamathos), from which she derived her name.[2]



Mythology


In one version (Conon), Psamathe abandoned the child, and although shepherds reared the foundling who was then named Linus, the child was torn apart by the shepherd's dogs. In the interim, Psamathe was ordered to be killed by her father. Apollo avenged her murder by sending a plague to Argos. When consulted, Apollo demanded that Psamathe and Linus be propitiated with due honors and festivities. The Argives complied but the plague persisted. And by oracular decree, the king was forced to leave in order to found the city of Tripodiscium near Megara, where he would live out his life.[3][1]


In an alternate version (Pausanias), Psamanthe exposed the unnamed child, which was torn apart by the king's sheepdogs. Apollo then sent Poena (Greek: Poinē), the personification of punishment, upon the city. Poine would steal children from their mothers until Coroebus killed her. A hero Coroebus emerged from Argos to slay it, but Apollo then brought upon a plague. This [4]


A version by Statius tells this story, but does not name Psmanthe, whom he only records as Crotopos's daughter.[5]



Monster


The monster is called also Poine, the personification of punishment, in Pausanias's version of the tale.[4] It is a female monster with a snake protruding from her forehead in Statius's version, possibly having snake-feet (anguipedal form) as well.[6]


The monster is also called a Kēr (Greek: Κήρ "death-demon") in one poem,[8] and a late source (9th to 11th century) labels her as one of the Lamiai.[9] It is also supposed to have a human head upon a serpent's body, according to a scholiast to Ovid.[10] The poem indicates that the ker was entombed in the city of the tripod (Tripodiscium) to stand as a monument to commemorate Psamanthe, and that its slayer Coroebus is interred right underneath the monster.[8]



Coroebus, the Argive


Coroebus of Argos slew Poine, in Pausanias's version. Thereupon Apollo struck the city with plague. Coroebus decided to go to Delphi to ask to be punished to befall only him, so that the city didn't have to suffer. The Pythia told him to never return home, but to take up a tripod and carry it until he would drop it, then settle on the spot where it would happen. The tripod slipped out of his hands as he had reached the Geraneian Mountains, where he founded a town known as Tripodiskoi ("Little Tripods"). The tomb of Coroebus was shown in Megara.[4]


The hero named Coroebus does not appear in the version according to Conon.[1]



Explanatory notes





References


Citations




  1. ^ abc Frazer, J. G. (tr.), ed. (1898). Pausanias's Description of Greece. II. London: Macmillan. p. 536..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Frazer,[1] citing Stark, Karl Bernhard (1863), Niobe und die Niobiden in ihrer literarischen, künstlerischen und mythologischen Bedeutung, W. Engelmann, pp. 347ff.


  3. ^ Conon, Narrationes, 19, paraphrased in


  4. ^ abc Pausanias, translated by Jones, W.H.S.; Ormerod, H.A., Description of Greece, 1. 43. 7 - 8


  5. ^ Ogden (2013b), p. 103.


  6. ^ Ogden, Daniel (2013-05-30). "10 Lamia, Slain by Eurybatus and Others". Dragons, Serpents, and Slayers in the Classical and Early Christian Worlds: A Sourcebook. Oxford University Press. pp. 100–101.

    ISBN 0199323747


  7. ^ Ogden (2013a)pp. 87–88, note 1014


  8. ^ ab Greek Anthology 7.154, quoted and translated by Pache (2004), pp. 72–73. Also cited as Palatine Anthology 7.154[7]


  9. ^ First Vatican Mythographer, c. 9th to 11th century, cited by Ogden (2013a), p. 87


  10. ^ Fontenrose (1959), p. 104.



Bibliography

.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}



  • Fontenrose, Joseph Eddy (1959). Python: A Study of Delphic Myth and Its Origins. University of California Press.


  • Ogden, Daniel (2013-02-28). Drakon: Dragon Myth and Serpent Cult in the Greek and Roman Worlds. Oxford University Press.

    ISBN 0199557322


  • Ogden, Daniel (2013-05-30). "10 Lamia, Slain by Eurybatus and Others". Dragons, Serpents, and Slayers in the Classical and Early Christian Worlds: A Sourcebook. Oxford University Press. pp. 99–.

    ISBN 0199323747


  • Pache, Corinne Ondine, ed. (2004). "Linos and Demophone". Baby and Child Heroes in Ancient Greece. University of Illinois Press. pp. 66–77.

    ISBN 9780252029295









-

Popular posts from this blog

Bressuire

Image
Subprefecture and commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France Bressuire Subprefecture and commune Chateau de Bressuire and the Eglise Notre-Dame Coat of arms Location of Bressuire Bressuire Show map of France Bressuire Show map of Nouvelle-Aquitaine Coordinates: 46°50′27″N 0°29′14″W  /  46.8408°N 0.4872°W  / 46.8408; -0.4872 Coordinates: 46°50′27″N 0°29′14″W  /  46.8408°N 0.4872°W  / 46.8408; -0.4872 Country France Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine Department Deux-Sèvres Arrondissement Bressuire Canton Bressuire Government  • Mayor .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal} (2014–20) Jean Michel Bernier Area 1 180.59 km 2 (69.73 sq mi) Population (2014) 2 19,300  • Density 110/km 2 (280/sq mi) Time zone UTC+01:00 (CET)  • Summer (DST) UTC+02:00 (CEST) INSEE/Postal code 79049 /79300 Elevation 98–236 m (322–774 ft) (avg. 173 m or 568 ft) 1 French Land Register data, which exclude...
Read more

Vorschmack

Image
Vorschmack Ukrainian Jewish-style vorschmack served on rye bread Course Hors d'oeuvre Region or state Eastern Europe Associated national cuisine Ashkenazi Jewish, Finnish, German, Ukrainian, Polish, Russian Main ingredients Ground meat and/or fish Cookbook: Vorschmack   Media: Vorschmack Vorschmack or forshmak (Yiddish: פֿאָרשמאַק ‎, from archaic German Vorschmack , "foretaste" [1] or "appetizer" [2] ) is an originally East European dish made of salty minced fish or meat. Different variants of this dish are especially common in Ashkenazi Jewish and Finnish cuisine. Some varieties are also known in Russian and Polish cuisine. Contents 1 In Jewish cuisine 2 In Russian cuisine 3 In Polish cuisine 4 In Finnish cuisine 5 See also 6 References In Jewish cuisine According to Gil Marks, the German name points to the possible Germanic origin of this dish. [1] William Pokhlyobkin descr...
Read more

Quarantine

Image
For other uses, see Quarantine (disambiguation). Signal flag "Lima" called the "Yellow Jack" which when flown in harbor means ship is under quarantine. A simple yellow flag (also called the "Yellow Jack") had historically been used to signal quarantine (it stands for Q among signal flags), but now indicates the opposite, as a signal of a ship free of disease that requests boarding and inspection. A quarantine is used to separate and restrict the movement of people; it is 'a restraint upon the activities or communication of persons or the transport of goods designed to prevent the spread of disease or pests', for a certain period of time. [1] This is often used in connection to disease and illness, such as those who may possibly have been exposed to a communicable disease. [2] The term is often erroneously used to mean medical isolation, which is "to separate ill persons who have a communicable disease from those who are healthy...
Read more