Clayton County, Georgia




This article is about the county in the state of Georgia. For the city in the state of Georgia, see Clayton, Georgia.



County in the United States
































































Clayton County, Georgia

Clayton County, Georgia Courthouse.jpg

Clayton County Courthouse in Jonesboro


Map of Georgia highlighting Clayton County
Location within the U.S. state of Georgia

Map of the United States highlighting Georgia
Georgia's location within the U.S.
Founded November 30, 1858
Named for Augustin Smith Clayton
Seat Jonesboro
Largest city Forest Park
Area
 • Total 144 sq mi (373 km2)
 • Land 142 sq mi (368 km2)
 • Water 2.8 sq mi (7 km2), 1.9%
Population (est.)
 • (2017) 285,153
 • Density 1,908/sq mi (737/km2)
Congressional districts
5th, 13th
Time zone
Eastern: UTC−5/−4
Website www.claytoncountyga.gov

Clayton County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 259,424.[1] The county seat is Jonesboro.[2]


Clayton County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the home of Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport.[3]




Contents






  • 1 History


  • 2 Geography


    • 2.1 Adjacent counties




  • 3 Demographics


    • 3.1 2010 census


    • 3.2 2000 census




  • 4 Crime and policing


  • 5 Economy


  • 6 Transportation


    • 6.1 Airports


    • 6.2 Major highways


    • 6.3 Mass transit


      • 6.3.1 Bus


      • 6.3.2 Rail




    • 6.4 Pedestrians and cycling




  • 7 Education


    • 7.1 Special schools and programs


    • 7.2 2008 de-accreditation


    • 7.3 Higher education




  • 8 Communities


    • 8.1 Cities


    • 8.2 Census-designated places


    • 8.3 Unincorporated communities




  • 9 Politics


  • 10 In popular culture


  • 11 See also


  • 12 References


  • 13 External links





History


The county was established in 1858 and named in honor of Augustin Smith Clayton (1783–1839), who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1832 until 1835.[4]



Geography


According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 144 square miles (370 km2), of which 142 square miles (370 km2) is land and 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2) (1.9%) is water.[5] It is the third-smallest county by area in Georgia.


The eastern portion of Clayton County, between Forest Park and Lovejoy, is located in the Upper Ocmulgee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin. The western portion of the county is located in the Upper Flint River sub-basin of the ACF River Basin (Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin).[6]



Adjacent counties




  • DeKalb County (northeast)


  • Henry County (east)


  • Spalding County (south)


  • Fayette County (southwest)


  • Fulton County (northwest)



Demographics

















































































































Historical population
Census Pop.
%±
1860 4,466 —
1870 5,477 22.6%
1880 8,027 46.6%
1890 8,295 3.3%
1900 9,598 15.7%
1910 10,453 8.9%
1920 11,159 6.8%
1930 10,260 −8.1%
1940 11,655 13.6%
1950 22,872 96.2%
1960 46,365 102.7%
1970 98,043 111.5%
1980 150,357 53.4%
1990 182,052 21.1%
2000 236,517 29.9%
2010 259,424 9.7%
Est. 2017 285,153 [7] 9.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[8]
1790-1960[9] 1900-1990[10]
1990-2000[11] 2010-2013[1]




2010 census


As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 259,424 people, 90,633 households, and 62,389 families residing in the county.[12] The population density was 1,832.5 inhabitants per square mile (707.5/km2). There were 104,705 housing units at an average density of 739.6 per square mile (285.6/km2).[13] The racial makeup of the county was 66.1% black or African American, 18.87% white, 5.0% Asian, 0.4% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 7.1% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 13.66% of the population.[12] In terms of ancestry, and 4.9% were American.[14]


Of the 90,633 households, 42.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.4% were married couples living together, 25.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 31.2% were non-families, and 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.37. The median age was 31.6 years.[12]


The median income for a household in the county was $43,311 and the median income for a family was $48,064. Males had a median income of $36,177 versus $32,460 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,958. About 13.6% of families and 16.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.5% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.[15]



2000 census


As of the 2000 census,[16] there were 236,517 people, 82,243 households, and 59,214 families residing in the county. The population density was 1,658 people per square mile (640/km²). There were 86,461 housing units at an average density of 606 per square mile (234/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 37.94% White, 51.55% Black or African American, 0.32% Native American, 4.49% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 3.55% from other races, and 2.08% from two or more races. 7.50% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.


Estimated 2006 population is 271,240, with a racial make-up of 20.4% white non-Hispanic, 62.9% African American, 5% Asian, 11.3% Hispanic or Latino, 0.4% American Indian or Alaska Native, and 0.1% Pacific Islander. 1.5% were reported as multi-racial.


There were 82,243 households out of which 40.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.70% were married couples living together, 20.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.00% were non-families. 21.80% of all households were made up of individuals and 3.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.30.


In the county, the population was spread out with 30.00% under the age of 18, 10.40% from 18 to 24, 35.40% from 25 to 44, 18.40% from 45 to 64, and 5.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.90 males.


The median income for a household in the county was $42,697, and the median income for a family was $46,782. Males had a median income of $32,118 versus $26,926 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,079. About 8.20% of families and 10.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.20% of those under age 18 and 8.90% of those age 65 or over.


The last quarter-century has seen significant change in the racial composition of the county's population. In 1980, Clayton county's population was 150,357 — 91% white and 9% minority,[17] while in 2006 the population was approximately 271,240 — 20% white and 80% minority.[18]



Crime and policing


The Clayton County Police Department has an authorized strength of 525 personnel. It is headed by Chief Kevin Roberts.[19] Other law enforcement services (courts, jail, warrants) are provided by the Clayton County Sheriff's Office.[20]



Economy


The unemployment rate in Clayton County, GA, is 5.8% as of April 2017, with job growth of 0.70%. Future job growth over the next ten years is predicted to be at 29.90%. Clayton County's sales tax rate is 8.00%. The income tax is 6.00%. Clayton County's income and salaries per capita is $18,735, which includes all adults and children. The median household income is $39,699. ValuJet Airlines was headquartered in northern, unincorporated Clayton County, near William B. Hartsfield International Airport, in the 1990s.[21]



Transportation



Airports


  • Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport


Major highways





  • I-75.svg Interstate 75


  • I-85.svg Interstate 85


  • I-285.svg Interstate 285


  • I-675.svg Interstate 675


  • US 19.svg U.S. Route 19


  • US 23.svg U.S. Route 23


  • US 29.svg U.S. Route 29


  • US 41.svg U.S. Route 41


  • Georgia 3.svg State Route 3


  • Georgia 3 Connector.svg State Route 3 Connector


  • Georgia 42.svg State Route 42


  • Georgia 54.svg State Route 54


  • Georgia 85.svg State Route 85


  • Georgia 138.svg State Route 138


  • Georgia 138 Spur.svg State Route 138 Spur


  • Georgia 139.svg State Route 139


  • Georgia 314.svg State Route 314


  • Georgia 331.svg State Route 331


  • Georgia 401.svg State Route 401 (unsigned designation for I-75)


  • Georgia 403.svg State Route 403 (unsigned designation for I-85)


  • Georgia 407.svg State Route 407 (unsigned designation for I-285)


  • Georgia 413.svg State Route 413 (unsigned designation for I-675)




Mass transit



Bus


MARTA and Xpress GA / RTA commuter buses serve the County.



Rail


Commuter rail service is proposed to serve Clayton County along the Norfolk Southern line,[22] with proposed stations in Forest Park, Morrow, Jonesboro, and initially ending at Lovejoy.


The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority's Airport station is located in Clayton.



Pedestrians and cycling




  • Jesters Creek Trail

  • Morrow Trail




Education


Main article: Jonesboro, Georgia § Education

Clayton County Public Schools is the fifth largest school system in Georgia.[23] On August 28, 2008, the district lost its accreditation, citing a 'dysfunctional' school board.


The district currently[when?] has 53,000 students enrolled in its 63 schools. Under the current Superintendent Dr. Morcease J. Beasley, the district has a strategic plan that includes the vision and mission statements. Clayton County has twenty-two elementary and five middle schools that have been deemed by the Georgia Department of Education as Distinguished Schools. This is based on the number of consecutive years of making AYP.
Clayton County is fully accredited, April 2013



Special schools and programs


Lovejoy High School hosts the district International Baccalaureate Program (IB). The IB Diploma Program is designed as an academically challenging and balanced program of education with final exams that prepare students for success at the university level and life beyond.


CCPS has two charter schools. Unidos Dual Language, Georgia's first public dual language school is a model of excellence in language education. Unidos serves students in Pre-kindergarten through sixth grades. The second charter school is the Elite Scholars Academy; the school serves grades 6-10 and will be expanding to the twelfth grade by 2014. The school operates on a year-round calendar. Any student in the district may apply to enroll. Selection is based on a random lottery.


Clayton County also has a Math and Science Magnet and 3 fine arts magnet programs at Jackson Elementary, MD Robert's Middle, and Martha Ellen Stilwell. Enrollment is based on application and/or audition.



2008 de-accreditation


The 50,000-student school system was the first in the nation to lose accreditation since 1969. The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) revoked the school district's accreditation on August 28, 2008.[24] This makes only the second system in the nation to do so since 1960. A grand jury investigated and considered possible criminal indictments against the Clayton County School Board. At issue was whether the school board committed malfeasance in ignoring the shortcomings of the school system and violating its own rules concerning the awarding of bids of contracts.


School Board Chairwoman Ericka Davis announced her resignation on April 2, 2008, amidst the allegations. Clayton County Commission Chairman Eldrin Bell has called for the resignations of all Clayton County School Board Members.[25]
Amid controversy and orders for the police to quiet citizens, the Clayton County School Board hired a new temporary superintendent on April 26, 2008. This was despite the fact that the new superintendent did not meet the qualifications set forth by SACS.[26]


The Clayton County Public School System was re-accredited by SACS on May 1, 2009.[27]



Higher education


Clayton State University is located in Morrow.



Communities



Cities





  • College Park (part)

  • Forest Park

  • Jonesboro

  • Lake City

  • Lovejoy

  • Morrow

  • Riverdale




Census-designated places



  • Bonanza

  • Conley

  • Irondale



Unincorporated communities




  • Arrowhead District

  • Botany Woods

  • Clayton Panhandle

  • Ellenwood

  • Flint River District

  • Flintwoods

  • Lake Harbin

  • Lake Spivey

  • Mountain View

  • North Jonesboro

  • Old Dixie

  • Old South

  • Rex

  • Valley Hill




Politics


Clayton County was once a swing county, having voted for President Carter in 1976 with 60-70%, but then voting for President Reagan, even with over 70% of the vote in 1984. However, starting in 1992 the county has been trending Democratic, becoming one of the most Democratic counties in the state. It has given the Democratic presidential candidate over 80% of the vote in every election since 2008.



Presidential elections results















































































































































































Previous presidential elections results[28]
Year
Republican
Democratic
Third parties

2016
 13.5% 12,645
83.6% 78,220
 2.9% 2,715

2012
 14.7% 14,164
84.7% 81,479
 0.6% 587

2008
 16.6% 16,506
82.9% 82,527
 0.5% 481

2004
 29.0% 23,106
70.5% 56,113
 0.5% 424

2000
 32.5% 19,966
65.2% 40,042
 2.3% 1,394

1996
 37.3% 20,625
55.6% 30,687
 7.1% 3,930

1992
 41.3% 23,965
44.7% 25,890
 14.0% 8,134

1988
65.4% 28,225
 34.1% 14,689
 0.5% 223

1984
72.8% 31,553
 27.2% 11,763

1980
50.4% 19,160
 46.1% 17,540
 3.6% 1,351

1976
 37.6% 12,905
62.4% 21,432

1972
86.4% 23,681
 13.6% 3,740

1968
 35.2% 8,256
 15.0% 3,517
49.8% 11,665

1964
64.1% 10,488
 35.9% 5,869
 0.1% 10

1960
 33.4% 2,953
66.6% 5,892

1956
 22.4% 1,593
77.6% 5,522

1952
 23.3% 1,230
76.7% 4,058

1948
 23.0% 757
66.5% 2,192
 10.5% 347

1944
 11.8% 245
88.1% 1,828
 0.1% 1

1940
 10.4% 161
89.5% 1,382
 0.1% 2

1936
 11.4% 175
88.4% 1,352
 0.2% 3

1932
 2.5% 35
97.0% 1,361
 0.5% 7

1928
50.3% 619
 49.7% 612

1924
 11.7% 46
69.3% 273
 19.0% 75

1920
 6.7% 34
93.3% 475

1916
 12.6% 75
86.9% 517
 0.5% 3

1912
 20.2% 113
79.3% 443
 0.5% 3




In popular culture


Parts of Margaret Mitchell's epic 1936 novel Gone with the Wind and the famous 1939 motion picture Gone with the Wind were set in Clayton County, including the location of the fictional plantation, Tara. Tara Boulevard was named for the plantation, and is the main north/south road through the county, carrying U.S. 41 and lesser-known State Route 3. Parts of the novels Rhett Butler's People and Scarlett and the Scarlett TV Mini-Series also took place in Clayton County. Rhett Butler's People is a prequel, sequel, and companion to Gone with the Wind. Scarlett is a sequel to Gone with the Wind, also and also takes place briefly in Clayton County. In the above-mentioned novels, the fictional Twelve Oaks Plantation and others mentioned in the novels above, are located in and around Clayton County.


The 2012 film Flight features Clayton County throughout the film, with Hall's Flying Ranch in Hampton, Georgia, doubling as Denzel Washington's character's childhood home.


Parts of the film Smokey and the Bandit were also shot in and around Clayton County, namely in Jonesboro, as evidenced by a sign in the background of one of the scenes. Even though this particular scene was supposed to be set in Arkansas, a "Willow Bend" sign advertising brick homes in Clayton County can be spotted behind Sheriff George Branford. Many back roads and the movie town of Texarkana are actually the roads and the town of Jonesboro.


Trinidad James filmed his music video for the song "All Gold Everything" in Clayton County


Rap artist Waka Flocka Flame is also from Clayton County as he resides in Riverdale, Georgia.


Rap artists Slimesito is also from Clayton county as he resides in Riverdale, Georgia (AKA Jurassic Park)



See also



  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Clayton County, Georgia


References





  1. ^ ab "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 20, 2014..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.


  3. ^ "Hartsfield-Jackson Intl Airport Overview and FBOs (Atlanta, GA) [KATL/ATL]". FlightAware. Retrieved 2019-01-27.


  4. ^ Krakow, Kenneth K. (1975). Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins (PDF). Macon, GA: Winship Press. p. 45. ISBN 0-915430-00-2.


  5. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.


  6. ^ "Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission Interactive Mapping Experience". Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Retrieved November 19, 2015.


  7. ^ "2017 County Migration Rates, Population Estimates". Retrieved March 22, 2018.


  8. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2014.


  9. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved June 20, 2014.


  10. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 20, 2014.


  11. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 20, 2014.


  12. ^ abc "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 27, 2015.


  13. ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 27, 2015.


  14. ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 27, 2015.


  15. ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 27, 2015.


  16. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. Retrieved May 14, 2011.


  17. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on November 26, 2001. Retrieved March 27, 2008.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link) at the Library of Congress (November 26, 2001).


  18. ^ "Clayton County, Georgia". American Factfinder. United States Census Bureau. 2008.


  19. ^ "Clayton County Police Department". www.claytonpolice.com. Retrieved March 19, 2018.


  20. ^ "Clayton County Sheriff's Office". www.claytonsheriff.com. Retrieved March 19, 2018.


  21. ^ "Civil Action No. 1-96-CV-1355-JTC Archived 7 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine." Stanford University Law School. Retrieved on May 19, 2009.


  22. ^ Wickert, David (6 December 2018). "MARTA approves plans for Clayton County commuter train". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 8 December 2018.


  23. ^ "District Statistics". Clayton County Public Schools. Archived from the original on April 22, 2008. Retrieved April 5, 2008.


  24. ^ Matteucci, Megan (August 28, 2008). "Clayton schools lose accreditation; board members ousted". Atlanta Journal Constitution. Retrieved August 28, 2008.


  25. ^ Matteucci, Megan (April 2, 2008). "Clayton school board chairwoman steps down". Atlanta Journal Constitution. Retrieved April 5, 2008.


  26. ^ Matteucci, Megan (May 1, 2008). "Clayton signs school chief's contract amid police presence". Atlanta Journal Constitution.


  27. ^ Front, Georgia. (May 1, 2009) Georgia Education: Clayton County Public Schools Receive Re-accreditation. Gaeducation.blogspot.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.


  28. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 19, 2018.




External links



  • Clayton County Government

  • Clayton County Visitors Bureau – For information on history, attractions, and events


  • Clayton County historical marker






Coordinates: 33°32′N 84°22′W / 33.54°N 84.36°W / 33.54; -84.36







-

Popular posts from this blog

Bressuire

Image
Subprefecture and commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France Bressuire Subprefecture and commune Chateau de Bressuire and the Eglise Notre-Dame Coat of arms Location of Bressuire Bressuire Show map of France Bressuire Show map of Nouvelle-Aquitaine Coordinates: 46°50′27″N 0°29′14″W  /  46.8408°N 0.4872°W  / 46.8408; -0.4872 Coordinates: 46°50′27″N 0°29′14″W  /  46.8408°N 0.4872°W  / 46.8408; -0.4872 Country France Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine Department Deux-Sèvres Arrondissement Bressuire Canton Bressuire Government  • Mayor .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal} (2014–20) Jean Michel Bernier Area 1 180.59 km 2 (69.73 sq mi) Population (2014) 2 19,300  • Density 110/km 2 (280/sq mi) Time zone UTC+01:00 (CET)  • Summer (DST) UTC+02:00 (CEST) INSEE/Postal code 79049 /79300 Elevation 98–236 m (322–774 ft) (avg. 173 m or 568 ft) 1 French Land Register data, which exclude...
Read more

Vorschmack

Image
Vorschmack Ukrainian Jewish-style vorschmack served on rye bread Course Hors d'oeuvre Region or state Eastern Europe Associated national cuisine Ashkenazi Jewish, Finnish, German, Ukrainian, Polish, Russian Main ingredients Ground meat and/or fish Cookbook: Vorschmack   Media: Vorschmack Vorschmack or forshmak (Yiddish: פֿאָרשמאַק ‎, from archaic German Vorschmack , "foretaste" [1] or "appetizer" [2] ) is an originally East European dish made of salty minced fish or meat. Different variants of this dish are especially common in Ashkenazi Jewish and Finnish cuisine. Some varieties are also known in Russian and Polish cuisine. Contents 1 In Jewish cuisine 2 In Russian cuisine 3 In Polish cuisine 4 In Finnish cuisine 5 See also 6 References In Jewish cuisine According to Gil Marks, the German name points to the possible Germanic origin of this dish. [1] William Pokhlyobkin descr...
Read more

Quarantine

Image
For other uses, see Quarantine (disambiguation). Signal flag "Lima" called the "Yellow Jack" which when flown in harbor means ship is under quarantine. A simple yellow flag (also called the "Yellow Jack") had historically been used to signal quarantine (it stands for Q among signal flags), but now indicates the opposite, as a signal of a ship free of disease that requests boarding and inspection. A quarantine is used to separate and restrict the movement of people; it is 'a restraint upon the activities or communication of persons or the transport of goods designed to prevent the spread of disease or pests', for a certain period of time. [1] This is often used in connection to disease and illness, such as those who may possibly have been exposed to a communicable disease. [2] The term is often erroneously used to mean medical isolation, which is "to separate ill persons who have a communicable disease from those who are healthy...
Read more