1991 FIFA Women's World Cup
| 1st FIFA World Championship for Women's Football for the M&Ms Cup 1991 | |
|---|---|
 Official logo | |
| Tournament details | |
| Host country | China |
| Dates | 16–30 November |
| Teams | 12 (from 6 confederations) |
| Venue(s) | 6 (in 4 host cities) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions |  United States (1st title) |
| Runners-up |  Norway |
| Third place |  Sweden |
| Fourth place |  Germany |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 26 |
| Goals scored | 99 (3.81 per match) |
| Attendance | 510,000 (19,615 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | Michelle Akers-Stahl (10 goals) |
| Best player(s) | Carin Jennings |
The 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup was the inaugural FIFA Women's World Cup, the world championship for women's national association football teams.[1][2] It took place in Guangdong, China from 16 to 30 November 1991. FIFA, football's international governing body selected China as host nation as Guangdong had hosted a prototype world championship three years earlier, the 1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament. Matches were played in the state capital, Guangzhou, as well as in Foshan, Jiangmen and Zhongshan. The competition was sponsored by Mars, Incorporated. With FIFA still reluctant to bestow their "World Cup" brand, the tournament was officially known as the 1st FIFA World Championship for Women's Football for the M&M's Cup.[3]
It was won by the United States,[4] whose captain April Heinrichs formed a forward line dubbed the "triple–edged sword" with Carin Jennings and Michelle Akers-Stahl. Jennings was named player of the tournament while Akers-Stahl's ten goals won the Golden Shoe.[5] The United States beat Norway 2–1 in the final in front of a crowd of 65,000 people at Guangzhou's Tianhe Stadium.[6] Total attendance was 510,000, an average per match of 19,615. In the opening match at the same stadium, Norway had been defeated 4–0 by hosts China. Chinese defender Ma Li scored the first goal in Women's World Cup history, while goalkeeper Zhong Honglian, also of China, posted the first official "clean sheet" in the tournament.
The 12 qualified teams were divided into three groups of four (A to C). The top two teams and the two best third-place finishers from the three groups advanced to the knockout round of eight teams.
Contents
1 Venues
2 Teams
3 Squads
4 Match officials
5 Tournament review
6 Group stage
6.1 Group A
6.2 Group B
6.3 Group C
6.4 Ranking of third-placed teams
7 Knockout stage
7.1 Bracket
7.2 Quarter-finals
7.3 Semi-finals
7.4 Third place play-off
7.5 Final
8 Awards
9 Goal scorers
10 References
11 Bibliography
12 External links
Venues
Yuexiu, Guangzhou | Tianhe, Guangzhou | Panyu, Guangzhou |
|---|---|---|
Guangdong Provincial Stadium | Tianhe Stadium | Ying Tung Stadium |
| Capacity: 25,000 | Capacity: 60,000 | Capacity: 15,000 |
 |  | |
 Guangdong,China Guangzhou Foshan Zhongshan Jiangmen | ||
Foshan | Jiangmen | Zhongshan |
New Plaza Stadium | Jiangmen Stadium | Zhongshan Stadium |
| Capacity: 14,000 | Capacity: 13,000 | Capacity: 12,000 |
 | ||
Teams
Twelve teams qualified for the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup final tournament. Each of the six FIFA confederations had at least one representative.
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Squads
For a list of the squads that disputed the final tournament, see 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup squads.
Match officials
For the first time in FIFA competition, six female officials were included. All functioned as assistant referees, except for Cláudia Vasconcelos who took charge of the third place play–off; becoming the first woman to referee a match sanctioned by FIFA.[7][8]
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Tournament review
FIFA's technical report demonstrates that, after the tournament, players and officials were undecided whether to persist with 80 minute matches, or to change to 90 minutes in line with men's football. Opinion was also divided about the suitability of using a size five football. Some teams reported difficulty in sourcing good quality equipment in the correct size.[9]
The tournament was considered a major success in the quality of play and attendances at the games. FIFA president João Havelange wrote that:[10]
| “ | "As president of FIFA it was a special pleasure for me to watch these young ladies playing with such flair and such elegance, and according to the reports of the many media representatives present, making the game truly into a celebration ... women's football is now well and truly established." | ” |
The perceived success of the tournament was a significant factor in the subsequent inclusion of women's football in the 1996 Summer Olympics.[11]Sue Lopez reported that although attendances were very high, many tickets were complimentary. The "novelty factor" of women from foreign lands playing football also encouraged local people to attend.[12]
Group stage
Countries and result
Group A
| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 China PR (H) | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 7 | 5 |
| Norway | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 4 |
 Denmark | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 3 |
 New Zealand | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 11 | −10 | 0 |
(H): Host.
China PR
v Norway16 November 1991 | China PR | 4–0 | Norway | Tianhe Stadium, Guangzhou |
| 20:45 | Ma  22' Liu 45', 50' Sun Q. 75' | (Report) | Attendance: 65,000 Referee: Salvador Marcone (Chile) |
Denmark
v New Zealand17 November 1991 | Denmark | 3–0 | New Zealand | Tianhe Stadium, Guangzhou |
| 19:45 | Jensen 15', 40' MacKensie 42' | (Report) | Attendance: 14,000 Referee: Omer Yengo (Congo) |
Norway
v New Zealand19 November 1991 | Norway | 4–0 | New Zealand | Guangdong Provincial Stadium, Guangzhou |
| 15:30 | Campbell 30' (o.g.) Medalen 32', 38' Riise 49' | (Report) | Attendance: 12,000 Referee: Salvador Marcone (Chile) |
China PR
v Denmark19 November 1991 | China PR | 2–2 | Denmark | Guangdong Provincial Stadium, Guangzhou |
| 19:45 | Sun W. 37' Wei 76' | (Report) | Kolding 24' Nissen 55' | Attendance: 27,000 Referee: Vassilios Nikkakis (Greece) |
China PR
v New Zealand21 November 1991 | China PR | 4–1 | New Zealand | New Plaza Stadium, Foshan |
| 19:45 | Zhou 20' Liu 22', 60' Wu 24' | (Report) | Nye 65' | Attendance: 14,000 Referee: Gyanu Raja Shresta (Nepal) |
Norway
v Denmark21 November 1991 | Norway | 2–1 | Denmark | Ying Dong Stadium, Panyu |
| 19:45 | Svensson 14' (pen.) Medalen 56' | (Report) | Thychosen 54' (pen.) | Attendance: 15,500 Referee: Vadim Zhuk (USSR) |
Group B
| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 2 | 9 | 6 |
| Sweden | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 3 | 9 | 4 |
 Brazil | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 7 | −6 | 2 |
 Japan | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 12 | −12 | 0 |
Japan
v Brazil17 November 1991 | Japan | 0–1 | Brazil | New Plaza Stadium, Foshan |
| 19:45 | (Report) | Elane 4' | Attendance: 14,000 Referee: Lu Jun (China) |
Sweden
v United States17 November 1991 | Sweden | 2–3 | United States | Ying Dong Stadium, Panyu |
| 19:45 | Videkull 65' I. Johansson 71' | (Report) | Jennings 40', 49' Hamm 62' | Attendance: 14,000 Referee: John Toro Rendón (Colombia) |
Japan
v Sweden19 November 1991 | Japan | 0–8 | Sweden | New Plaza Stadium, Foshan |
| 19:45 | (Report) | Videkull 1', 11' Andelen 15', 60' Lundgren 25' Nilsson 27' Sundhage 35' Yamaguchi 70' (o.g.) | Attendance: 14,000 Referee: Gyanu Raja Shresta (Nepal) |
Brazil
v United States19 November 1991 | Brazil | 0–5 | United States | Ying Dong Stadium, Panyu |
| 19:45 | (Report) | Heinrichs 23', 35' Jennings 38' Akers-Stahl 39' Hamm 63' | Attendance: 15,500 Referee: Vadim Zhuk (USSR) |
Japan
v United States21 November 1991 | Japan | 0–3 | United States | New Plaza Stadium, Foshan |
| 15:30 | (Report) | Akers-Stahl 20', 37' Gebauer 39' | Attendance: 14,000 Referee: John Toro Rendón (Colombia) |
Brazil
v Sweden21 November 1991 | Brazil | 0–2 | Sweden | Ying Dong Stadium, Panyu |
| 15:30 | (Report) | Sundhage 42' (pen.) Hedberg 56' | Attendance: 12,000 Referee: Lu Jun (China) |
Group C
| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 9 | 6 |
 Italy | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
 Chinese Taipei | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 8 | −6 | 2 |
 Nigeria | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 7 | −7 | 0 |
Germany
v Nigeria17 November 1991 | Germany | 4–0 | Nigeria | Jiangmen Stadium, Jiangmen |
| 15:30 | Neid 16' Mohr 32', 34' Gottschlich 57' | (Report) | Attendance: 14,000 Referee: Rafael Medina (El Salvador) |
Chinese Taipei
v Italy17 November 1991 | Chinese Taipei | 0–5 | Italy | Jiangmen Stadium, Jiangmen |
| 19:45 | (Report) | Ferraguzzi 15' Marsiletti 29' Morace 37', 52', 66' | Attendance: 11,000 Referee: Fethi Boucetta (Tunisia) |
Italy
v Nigeria19 November 1991 | Italy | 1–0 | Nigeria | Zhongshan Stadium, Zhongshan |
| 15:30 | Morace 68' | (Report) | Attendance: 12,000 Referee: Jim McCluskey (Scotland) |
Chinese Taipei
v Germany19 November 1991 | Chinese Taipei | 0–3 | Germany | Zhongshan Stadium, Zhongshan |
| 19:45 | (Report) | Wiegmann 10' (pen.) Mohr 21', 50' | Attendance: 10,000 Referee: Fethi Boucetta (Tunisia) |
Chinese Taipei
v Nigeria21 November 1991 | Chinese Taipei | 2–0 | Nigeria | Jiangmen Stadium, Jiangmen |
| 19:45 | Lin 38' Chou 55' | (Report) | Attendance: 14,000 Referee: Rafael Medina (El Salvador) |
Italy
v Germany21 November 1991 | Italy | 0–2 | Germany | Zhongshan Stadium, Zhongshan |
| 19:45 | (Report) | Mohr 67' Unsleber 79' | Attendance: 12,000 Referee: Jim McCluskey (Scotland) |
Ranking of third-placed teams
Knockout stage
Bracket
| Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Final | ||||||||
| 24 November — Foshan | ||||||||||
| United States | 7 | |||||||||
| 27 November — Guangzhou | ||||||||||
| Chinese Taipei | 0 | |||||||||
| United States | 5 | |||||||||
| 24 November — Zhongshan | ||||||||||
| Germany | 2 | |||||||||
| Germany | 2 | |||||||||
| 30 November — Guangzhou | ||||||||||
| Denmark | 1 | |||||||||
| United States | 2 | |||||||||
| 24 November — Guangzhou | ||||||||||
| Norway | 1 | |||||||||
| China PR | 0 | |||||||||
| 27 November — Panyu | ||||||||||
| Sweden | 1 | |||||||||
| Sweden | 1 | |||||||||
| 24 November — Jiangmen | ||||||||||
| Norway | 4 | Third place | ||||||||
| Norway | 3 | |||||||||
| 29 November — Guangzhou | ||||||||||
| Italy | 2 | |||||||||
| Sweden | 4 | |||||||||
| Germany | 0 | |||||||||
Quarter-finals
Germany
v Denmark24 November 1991 | Germany | 2–1 (a.e.t.) | Denmark | Zhongshan Stadium, Zhongshan |
| 15:30 | Wiegmann 17' (pen.) Mohr 98' | (Report) | MacKensie 25' (pen.) | Attendance: 12,000 Referee: Vassilios Nikkakis (Greece) |
China PR
v Sweden24 November 1991 | China PR | 0–1 | Sweden | Tianhe Stadium, Guangzhou |
| 19:45 | (Report) | Sundhage 3' | Attendance: 55,000 Referee: John Toro Rendón (Colombia) |
Norway
v Italy24 November 1991 | Norway | 3–2 (a.e.t.) | Italy | Jiangmen Stadium, Jiangmen |
| 19:45 | Hegstad 22' Carlsen 67' Svensson 96' (pen.) | (Report) | Salmaso 31' Guarino 80' | Attendance: 13,000 Referee: Rafael Medina (El Salvador) |
United States
v Chinese Taipei24 November 1991 | United States | 7–0 | Chinese Taipei | New Plaza Stadium, Foshan |
| 19:45 | Akers-Stahl 8', 29', 33', 44' (pen.), 48' Foudy 38' Biefield 79' | (Report) | Attendance: 12,000 Referee: Omer Yengo (Congo) |
Semi-finals
Sweden
v Norway27 November 1991 | Sweden | 1–4 | Norway | Ying Dong Stadium, Panyu |
| 15:30 | Videkull 6' | (Report) | Svensson 39' (pen.) Medalen 41', 77' Carlsen 67' | Attendance: 16,000 Referee: Jim McCluskey (Scotland) |
United States
v Germany27 November 1991 | United States | 5–2 | Germany | Guangdong Provincial Stadium, Guangzhou |
| 19:45 | Jennings 10', 22', 33' Heinrichs 54', 75' | (Report) | Mohr 34' Wiegmann 63' | Attendance: 15,000 Referee: Salvador Marcone (Chile) |
Third place play-off
Sweden
v Germany29 November 1991 | Sweden | 4–0 | Germany | Guangdong Provincial Stadium, Guangzhou |
| 19:45 | Andelen 7' Sundhage 11' Videkull 29' Nilsson 43' | (Report) | Attendance: 20,000 Referee: Claudia Vasconcelos (Brazil) |
Final
United States
v Norway30 November 1991 | United States | 2–1 | Norway | Tianhe Stadium, Guangzhou |
| 19:45 | Akers-Stahl 20', 78' | (Report) | Medalen 29' | Attendance: 63,000 Referee: Vadim Zhuk (USSR) |
Awards
The following awards were given for the tournament:[13]
| Golden Ball | Silver Ball | Bronze Ball |
|---|---|---|
| Carin Jennings | Michelle Akers | Linda Medalen |
| Golden Shoe | Silver Shoe | Bronze Shoe |
| Michelle Akers | Heidi Mohr | Linda Medalen Carin Jennings |
| 10 goals | 7 goals | 6 goals |
| FIFA Fair Play Award | ||
| Germany | ||
Goal scorers
Michelle Akers-Stahl of the United States won the Golden Shoe award for scoring ten goals. In total, 99 goals were scored from 45 different players with two of them credited as own goals.[citation needed]
| Goalscorers sorted by number of goals (high-low) and team (alphabetically) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
References
^ "Raising Their Game: An introduction". YouTube. Retrieved 21 August 2012..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ "Raising Their Game: Passing the test". YouTube. 5 June 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
^ Mattei, Al. "WUSA opening a feast for the eyes – and ears". TopOfTheCircle.com. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
^ Ciapala, Derek (18 June 2012). "History of the FIFA Women's World Cup, 1991–present – World Soccer – Yahoo! Sports". Sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
^ "CNN/SI – Women's World Cup – Women's World Cup History – Thursday February 11, 1999 06:04 PM". Sportsillustrated.cnn.com. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
^ "Raising Their Game: Blazing the way in 1991". YouTube. 12 June 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
^ Lopez 1997, p. 195
^ "FIFA Women's World Cup – China PR 1991". FIFA. Archived from the original on 11 March 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2013.In keeping with the true spirit of the celebration, six female referees or assistant referees were appointed among match officials for the first time in FIFA history. Claudia de Vasconcelos of Brazil, the referee for the 3rd-place match, became the first woman to officiate at this level for FIFA.
^ "FIFA Women's World Cup China '91 – Technical Report & Statistics" (PDF). FIFA. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
^ Lopez 1997, p. 173
^ Lopez 1997, p. 175
^ Lopez 1997, p. 207
^ Awards 1991
Bibliography
.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}
Lisi, Clemente Angelo (2010). The U.S. Women's Soccer Team: An American Success Story. Plymouth, England: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0810874156.
Lopez, Sue (1997). Women on the Ball: A Guide to Women's Football. London, England: Scarlet Press. ISBN 1857270169.
External links
FIFA Women's World Cup China PR 1991, FIFA.com
FIFA Technical Report (Part 1) and (Part 2)
1991 FIFA Women's World Cup finalists | |
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| Champions |
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| Runner-up |
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| Third Place |
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| Fourth Place |
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| Quarter-finals |
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| Group stage |
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