List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom




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painting of Robert Walpole

painting of William Pitt the Younger


photograph of Benjamin Disraeli

photograph of Henry Campbell-Bannerman



  • Top left: Robert Walpole was the first Prime Minister of Great Britain.

  • Top right: William Pitt the Younger was the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

  • Bottom left: Benjamin Disraeli was the first Prime Minister to officially use the title.

  • Bottom right: Henry Campbell-Bannerman was the first Prime Minister to officially hold the title.



The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the Government of the United Kingdom, and chairs Cabinet meetings. There is no specific date for when the office of Prime Minister first appeared, as the role was not created but rather evolved over a period of time through a merger of duties.[1] The term had been used in the House of Commons as early as 1805,[2] and it was certainly in parliamentary use by the 1880s.[3] In 1905 the post of Prime Minister was officially given recognition in the order of precedence.[4] Modern historians generally consider Sir Robert Walpole, who led the government of Great Britain for over twenty years from 1721,[5] as the first Prime Minister. Walpole is also the longest-serving British prime minister by this definition.[6] However, Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman was the first and Margaret Thatcher the longest-serving Prime Minister officially referred to as such in the order of precedence.[7] The first to officially use the title was Benjamin Disraeli, who signed the Treaty of Berlin as "Prime Minister of her Britannic Majesty" in 1878.[8]


Strictly, the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Ireland) was William Pitt the Younger.[9] The first Prime Minister of the current United Kingdom, i.e. the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was Bonar Law,[10] although the country was not renamed officially until 1927, when Stanley Baldwin was the serving Prime Minister.[11]


Due to the gradual evolution of the post of Prime Minister, the title is applied to early prime ministers only retrospectively;[12] this has sometimes given rise to academic dispute. Lord Bath and Lord Waldegrave are sometimes listed as prime ministers.[13] Bath was invited to form a ministry by George II when Henry Pelham resigned in 1746,[14] as was Waldegrave in 1757 after the dismissal of William Pitt the Elder,[15] who dominated the affairs of government during the Seven Years' War. Neither was able to command sufficient parliamentary support to form a government; Bath stepped down after two days,[13] and Waldegrave after three.[15] Modern academic consensus does not consider either man to have held office as Prime Minister,[16] and they are therefore not listed.





Contents






  • 1 Before 1721


  • 2 From 1721


  • 3 See also


  • 4 Notes


  • 5 References


    • 5.1 Citations


    • 5.2 Sources


      • 5.2.1 Publications


      • 5.2.2 Online






  • 6 Further reading


  • 7 External links





Before 1721



Prior to the Georgian era, the Treasury of England was led by the Lord High Treasurer.[17] By the late Tudor period, the Lord High Treasurer was regarded as one of the Great Officers of State,[17] and was often (though not always) the dominant figure in government: Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (Lord High Treasurer, 1547–1549),[18] served as Lord Protector to his prepubescent nephew Edward VI;[18]William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (Lord High Treasurer, 1572–1598),[19] was the dominant minister to Elizabeth I;[19] Burghley's son Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, succeeded his father as chief minister to Elizabeth I (1598–1603) and was eventually appointed by James I as Lord High Treasurer (1608–1612).[20]


By the late Stuart period, the Treasury was often run not by a single individual, i.e. Lord High Treasurer, but by a commission of Lords of the Treasury,[21] led by the First Lord of the Treasury. The last Lords High Treasurer, Lord Godolphin (1702–1710) and Lord Oxford (1711–1714),[22] ran the government of Queen Anne.[23]


After the succession of George I in 1714, the arrangement of a commission of Lords of the Treasury (as opposed to a single Lord High Treasurer) became permanent.[24] For the next three years, the government was headed by Lord Townshend, who was appointed Secretary of State for the Northern Department.[25] Subsequently, Lord Stanhope and Lord Sunderland ran the government jointly,[26] with Stanhope managing foreign affairs and Sunderland domestic.[26] Stanhope died in February 1721 and Sunderland resigned two months later;[26] Townshend and Robert Walpole were then invited to form the next government.[27] From that point, the holder of the office of First Lord also usually (albeit unofficially) held the status of Prime Minister. It was not until the Edwardian era that the title prime minister was constitutionally recognised.[12] The Prime Minister still holds the office of First Lord by constitutional convention,[28] the only exceptions being Lord Chatham (1766–1768) and Lord Salisbury (1885–1886, 1887–1892, 1895–1902).[29]



From 1721














Contents by century and monarch

18th to 19th century


  • George I

  • George II

  • George III

  • George IV

  • William IV

  • Victoria



20th to 21st century


  • Edward VII

  • George V

  • Edward VIII

  • George VI

  • Elizabeth II












































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































     Whig (17)      Tory (11)      Conservative (17)      Peelite (1)      Liberal (7)      Labour (6)      National Labour (1)
Portrait
Prime Minister
(Birth–Death)
Term of office & mandate[a]
Duration in years and days
Ministerial offices
held as Prime Minister
Party
Government
Monarch
(Reign)

Ref.


painting

The Right Honourable
Robert Walpole
1st Earl of Orford
KGKBPC
MP for King's Lynn[§]
(1676–1745)


3 April
1721

11 February
1742

1722


  • Chancellor of the Exchequer

  • First Lord of the Treasury


  • Leader of the House of Commons (1721–1742)


  • Sec. of State for the Northern Dept. (1723)



Whig

Walpole–Townshend

George I
Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
(1714–1727)

[30]

1727

George II
Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
(1727–1760)

1734

Walpole

1741
20 years and 315 days


painting

The Right Honourable
Spencer Compton
1st Earl of Wilmington
KGKBPC
(1673–1743)

16 February
1742

2 July
1743



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Nominal leader of the House of Lords



Whig

Carteret
[31]
1 year and 137 days[†]


painting

The Right Honourable
Henry Pelham
FRS
MP for Sussex
(1694–1754)


27 August
1743

6 March
1754



  • Chancellor of the Exchequer

  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Whig
[32]


Broad Bottom I

1747

Broad Bottom II
10 years and 192 days[†]


painting

His Grace
Thomas Pelham-Holles
1st Duke of Newcastle
KGPCFRS
(1693–1768)

16 March
1754

11 November
1756

1754


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords



Whig

Newcastle I
[33]
2 years and 241 days


painting

His Grace
William Cavendish
4th Duke of Devonshire
KGPC
(1720–1764)

16 November
1756

29 June
1757



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords


  • Lord Chamberlain of the Household (1757)

  • Lord Treasurer of Ireland



Whig

Pitt–Devonshire
[34]


1757 Caretaker

226 days



painting

His Grace
Thomas Pelham-Holles
1st Duke of Newcastle
KGPCFRS
(1693–1768)

29 June
1757

26 May
1762

1761


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords



Whig

Pitt–Newcastle
[35]


George III
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1801-1816).svg
(1760–1820)
[b]


Bute–Newcastle
(Tory–Whig)


4 years and 332 days


painting

The Right Honourable
John Stuart
3rd Earl of Bute
KGPC
(1713–1792)

26 May
1762

8 April
1763



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Nominal leader of the House of Lords



Tory

Bute
[36]
318 days


painting

The Right Honourable
George Grenville
MP for Buckingham
(1712–1770)


16 April
1763

10 July
1765



  • Chancellor of the Exchequer

  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Whig
(Grenvillite)

Grenville
(mainly Whig)
[37]
2 years and 86 days


painting

The Most Honourable
Charles Watson-Wentworth
2nd Marquess of Rockingham
KGPCFRS
(1730–1782)

13 July
1765

30 July
1766



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords



Whig
(Rockinghamite)

Rockingham I
[38]
1 year and 18 days


painting

The Right Honourable
William Pitt
1st Earl of Chatham
PCFRS
MP for Bath (1766)[§]
(1708–1778)


30 July
1766

14 October
1768

1768

  • Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal


Whig
(Chathamite)

Chatham
[39]
2 years and 77 days


painting

His Grace
Augustus FitzRoy
3rd Duke of Grafton
KGPC
(1735–1811)

14 October
1768

28 January
1770



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords



Whig
(Chathamite)

Grafton
[40]
1 year and 107 days


painting

The Right Honourable
Frederick North
Lord North
KG
MP for Banbury
(1732–1792)


28 January
1770

27 March
1782

1774


  • Chancellor of the Exchequer

  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Tory
(Northite)

North
[41]

1780
12 years and 59 days


painting

The Most Honourable
Charles Watson-Wentworth
2nd Marquess of Rockingham
KGPCFRS
(1730–1782)

27 March
1782

1 July
1782


  • First Lord of the Treasury


Whig
(Rockinghamite)

Rockingham II
[38]
97 days[†]


painting

The Right Honourable
William Petty
2nd Earl of Shelburne
KGPC
(1737–1805)

4 July
1782

26 March
1783



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords



Whig
(Chathamite)

Shelburne
[42]
266 days


painting

His Grace
William Cavendish-Bentinck
3rd Duke of Portland
PCFRS
(1738–1809)

2 April
1783

18 December
1783



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords



Whig

Fox–North
[43]
261 days


painting

The Right Honourable
William Pitt the Younger
MP for Appleby (1784) →
Cambridge University[‡](1784–1801)

(1759–1806)

19 December
1783

14 March
1801

1784


  • Chancellor of the Exchequer

  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Tory
(Pittite)

Pitt I
[44]

1790

1796
17 years and 86 days


painting

The Right Honourable
Henry Addington
MP for Devizes
(1757–1844)


17 March
1801

10 May
1804

1801


  • Chancellor of the Exchequer

  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Tory
(Addingtonian)

Addington
[45]

1802
3 years and 55 days


painting

The Right Honourable
William Pitt the Younger
MP for Cambridge University
(1759–1806)


10 May
1804

23 January
1806



  • Chancellor of the Exchequer

  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Tory
(Pittite)

Pitt II
[46]
1 year and 259 days[†]


painting

The Right Honourable
William Grenville
1st Baron Grenville
PCPC (Ire)
(1759–1834)

11 February
1806

25 March
1807

1806


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords



Whig

All the Talents
(Whig–Tory)
[47]
1 year and 43 days


painting

His Grace
William Cavendish-Bentinck
3rd Duke of Portland
KGPCFRS
(1738–1809)

31 March
1807

4 October
1809

1807

  • First Lord of the Treasury


Tory
(Pittite)

Portland II
[48]
2 years and 188 days


painting

The Right Honourable
Spencer Perceval
KC
MP for Northampton
(1762–1812)


4 October
1809

11 May
1812



  • Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster

  • Chancellor of the Exchequer


  • Commissioner of the Treasury for Ireland (1810–1812)

  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Tory
(Pittite)

Perceval
[49]
2 years and 221 days[†]


painting

The Right Honourable
Robert Jenkinson
2nd Earl of Liverpool
KGPCFRS
(1770–1828)

8 June
1812

9 April
1827

1812


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords


  • Sec. of State for War & Colonies (1812)



Tory
(Pittite)

Liverpool
[50]

1818

1820

George IV
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1816-1837).svg
(1820–1830)

1826
14 years and 306 days


painting

The Right Honourable
George Canning
FRS
MP for Seaford
(1770–1827)


12 April
1827

8 August
1827



  • Chancellor of the Exchequer

  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Tory
(Canningite)

Canning
(Canningite–Whig)
[51]
119 days[†]


painting

The Right Honourable
Frederick John Robinson
1st Viscount Goderich
PC
(1782–1859)

31 August
1827

8 January
1828



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords



Tory
(Canningite)

Goderich
[52]
131 days


painting

Field MarshalHis Grace
Arthur Wellesley
1st Duke of Wellington
KGGCBGCHPC
(1769–1852)


22 January
1828

16 November
1830

1830


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords



Tory

Wellington–Peel
[53]
2 years and 299 days

William IV
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1816-1837).svg
(1830–1837)


painting

The Right Honourable
Charles Grey
2nd Earl Grey
KGPC
(1764–1845)

22 November
1830

9 July
1834

1831


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords



Whig

Grey
[54]

1832–
1833

3 years and 230 days


painting

The Right Honourable
William Lamb
2nd Viscount Melbourne
PCPC (Ire)
(1779–1848)

16 July
1834

14 November
1834



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords



Whig

Melbourne I
[55]
122 days


painting

Field MarshalHis Grace
Arthur Wellesley
1st Duke of Wellington
KGGCBGCHPC
(1769–1852)

17 November
1834

9 December
1834



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords

  • Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs

  • Sec. of State for the Home Dept.

  • Sec. of State for War & Colonies



Tory

Wellington Caretaker
[56]
23 days


painting

The Right Honourable
Sir Robert Peel
BtFRS
MP for Tamworth
(1788–1850)


10 December
1834

8 April
1835



  • Chancellor of the Exchequer

  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Conservative

Peel I
[57]
120 days


painting

The Right Honourable
William Lamb
2nd Viscount Melbourne
PCPC (Ire)FRS
(1779–1848)


18 April
1835

30 August
1841

1835


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords



Whig

Melbourne II
[58]

1837

Victoria
Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1837–1901)
6 years and 135 days


painting

The Right Honourable
Sir Robert Peel
BtFRS
MP for Tamworth
(1788–1850)


30 August
1841

29 June
1846

1841


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Conservative

Peel II
[57]
4 years and 304 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Lord John Russell
FRS
MP for the City of London
(1792–1878)


30 June
1846

21 February
1852

1847


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Whig

Russell I
[59]
5 years and 237 days


engraving

The Right Honourable
Edward Smith-Stanley
14th Earl of Derby
PCPC (Ire)
(1799–1869)

23 February
1852

17 December
1852

1852


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords



Conservative

Who? Who?
[60]
299 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
George Hamilton-Gordon
4th Earl of Aberdeen
KTFRSEFRSPCFSA Scot
(1784–1860)

19 December
1852

30 January
1855



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords



Peelite

Aberdeen
(Peelite–Whig–et al.)
[61]
2 years and 43 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Henry John Temple
3rd Viscount Palmerston
KGGCBPCFRS
MP for Tiverton
(1784–1865)


6 February
1855

19 February
1858

1857


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Whig

Palmerston I
[62]
3 years and 14 days


engraving

The Right Honourable
Edward Smith-Stanley
14th Earl of Derby
PCPC (Ire)
(1799–1869)

20 February
1858

11 June
1859



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords



Conservative

Derby–Disraeli II
[63]
1 year and 112 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Henry John Temple
3rd Viscount Palmerston
KGGCBPCFRS
MP for Tiverton
(1784–1865)


12 June
1859

18 October
1865

1859


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Liberal

Palmerston II
[64]

1865
6 years and 129 days[†]


photograph

The Right Honourable
John Russell
1st Earl Russell
KGPCFRS
(1792–1878)

29 October
1865

26 June
1866



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords



Liberal

Russell II
[59]
241 days


engraving

The Right Honourable
Edward Smith-Stanley
14th Earl of Derby
KGPCPC (Ire)
(1799–1869)

28 June
1866

25 February
1868



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords



Conservative

Derby–Disraeli III
[65]
1 year and 243 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Benjamin Disraeli
MP for Buckinghamshire
(1804–1881)


See also § Main articles:1


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Conservative
[66]

27 February
1868

1 December
1868

279 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
FSS
MP for Greenwich
(1809–1898)


See also § Main articles:2



  • Chancellor of the Exchequer (1873–1874)

  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Liberal

Gladstone I
[67]

3 December
1868

17 February
1874

1868
5 years and 77 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Benjamin Disraeli
1st Earl of Beaconsfield
KGPCFRS
MP for Buckinghamshire
(1874–1876)[§]

(1804–1881)

See also § Main articles:1


  • First Lord of the Treasury


  • Leader of the House of Commons (1874–1876)


  • Leader of the House of Lords (1876–1880)


  • Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (1876–1878)



Conservative

Disraeli II
[68]

20 February
1874

21 April
1880

1874
6 years and 62 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
FRSFSS
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898)


See also § Main articles:2



  • Chancellor of the Exchequer (1880–1882)

  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Liberal

Gladstone II
[69]

23 April
1880

9 June
1885

1880
5 years and 48 days


photograph

The Most Honourable
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
KGPCFRSDL
(1830–1903)

23 June
1885

28 January
1886



  • Leader of the House of Lords

  • Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs



Conservative

Salisbury I
[70]
220 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
FRSFSS
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898)


See also § Main articles:2


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons

  • Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal



Liberal

Gladstone III
[69]

1 February
1886

20 July
1886

1885
170 days


photograph

The Most Honourable
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
KGPCFRSDL
(1830–1903)

25 July
1886

11 August
1892

1886



  • First Lord of the Treasury (1886–1887)

  • Leader of the House of Lords


  • Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs (1887–1892)



Conservative

Salisbury II
[71]
6 years and 18 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
FRSFSS
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898)


See also § Main articles:2


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons

  • Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal



Liberal

Gladstone IV
[69]

15 August
1892

2 March
1894

1892
1 year and 200 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Archibald Primrose
5th Earl of Rosebery
KGPCFRS
(1847–1929)

5 March
1894

22 June
1895



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Lords

  • Lord President of the Council


  • Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs (1894)



Liberal

Rosebery
[72]
1 year and 110 days


photograph

The Most Honourable
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
KGPCFRSDL
(1830–1903)

25 June
1895

11 July
1902

1895


  • Leader of the House of Lords


  • Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (1900–1902)


  • Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs (1895–1900)



Conservative

Salisbury III
(Con.–Lib.U.)

[73]

1900

Salisbury IV
7 years and 17 days

Edward VII
Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1901–1910)


photograph

The Right Honourable
Arthur Balfour
FRSFBADL
MP for Manchester East
(1848–1930)


12 July
1902

4 December
1905



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons


  • Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (1902–1903)



Conservative

Balfour
[74]
3 years and 146 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman
GCB
MP for Stirling Burghs
(1836–1908)


5 December
1905

5 April
1908

1906


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Liberal

Campbell-Bannerman
[75]
2 years and 123 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Herbert Henry Asquith
KCFRS
MP for East Fife
(1852–1928)


5 April
1908

5 December
1916




  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons


  • Sec. of State for War (1914)



Liberal

Asquith I
[76]


Jan.1910

Asquith II


George V
Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1910–1936)


Dec.1910

Asquith III


Asquith Coalition
(Lib.–Con.–et al.)
8 years and 245 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
David Lloyd George
OM
MP for Caernarvon Boroughs
(1863–1945)


6 December
1916

19 October
1922


  • First Lord of the Treasury


Liberal

Lloyd George War
[77]

1918

Lloyd George II
(Lib.–Con.)
5 years and 318 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Bonar Law
MP for Glasgow Central
(1858–1923)


23 October
1922

20 May
1923

1922


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Conservative
(Scot.U.)

Law
[78]
210 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Stanley Baldwin
JP
MP for Bewdley
(1867–1947)


22 May
1923

22 January
1924




  • Chancellor of the Exchequer (1923)

  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Conservative

Baldwin I
[79]
246 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Ramsay MacDonald
MP for Aberavon
(1866–1937)


22 January
1924

4 November
1924

1923


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons

  • Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs



Labour

MacDonald I
[80]
288 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Stanley Baldwin
JPFRS
MP for Bewdley
(1867–1947)


4 November
1924

4 June
1929

1924


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Conservative

Baldwin II
[81]
4 years and 213 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Ramsay MacDonald
FRS
MP for Seaham
(1866–1937)


5 June
1929

7 June
1935

1929


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Labour

MacDonald II
[82]



National Labour

National I
(N.Lab.–Con.–et al.)

1931

National II
6 years and 3 days



photograph

The Right Honourable
Stanley Baldwin
JPFRS
MP for Bewdley
(1867–1947)


7 June
1935

28 May
1937

1935


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Conservative

National III
[83]


Edward VIII
Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1936)

George VI
Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1936–1952)
1 year and 356 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Neville Chamberlain
FRS
MP for Birmingham Edgbaston
(1869–1940)


28 May
1937

10 May
1940



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Leader of the House of Commons



Conservative

National IV
[84]


Chamberlain War

2 years and 349 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Winston Churchill
CHTDFRS
MP for Epping (1940–1945)
Woodford[‡] (1945)

(1874–1965)

10 May
1940

26 July
1945



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Nominal leader of the House of Commons (1940–1942)

  • Minister of Defence



Conservative

Churchill War
[85]


Churchill Caretaker
(Con.–L.Nat.)

5 years and 78 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Clement Attlee
CHFRS
MP for Limehouse (1945–1950)
Walthamstow West[‡](1950–1951)

(1883–1967)

26 July
1945

26 October
1951

1945


  • First Lord of the Treasury


  • Minister of Defence (1945–1946)



Labour

Attlee I
[86]

1950

Attlee II
6 years and 93 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Sir Winston Churchill
KGOMCHTDDLFRSRA
MP for Woodford
(1874–1965)


26 October
1951

5 April
1955

1951


  • First Lord of the Treasury


  • Minister of Defence (1951–1952)



Conservative

Churchill III
[87]
3 years and 162 days

Elizabeth II
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg
(1952–present)


photograph

The Right Honourable
Sir Anthony Eden
KGMC
MP for Warwick & Leamington
(1897–1977)


6 April
1955

9 January
1957

1955

  • First Lord of the Treasury


Conservative

Eden
[88]
1 year and 279 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Harold Macmillan
FRS
MP for Bromley
(1894–1986)


10 January
1957

18 October
1963


  • First Lord of the Treasury


Conservative

Macmillan I
[89]

1959

Macmillan II
6 years and 282 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Sir Alec Douglas-Home
KT
MP for Kinross & Western Perthshire[c]
(1903–1995)


19 October
1963

16 October
1964


  • First Lord of the Treasury


Conservative
(Scot.U.)

Douglas-Home
[90]
364 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Harold Wilson
OBEFRSFSS
MP for Huyton
(1916–1995)


16 October
1964

19 June
1970

1964


  • First Lord of the Treasury


  • Minister for the Civil Service (1968–1970)



Labour

Wilson I
[91]

1966

Wilson II
5 years and 247 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Edward Heath
MBE
MP for Bexley (1970–1974)
Sidcup[‡] (1974)

(1916–2005)

19 June
1970

4 March
1974

1970


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Minister for the Civil Service



Conservative

Heath
[92]
3 years and 259 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Harold Wilson
OBEFRSFSS
MP for Huyton
(1916–1995)


4 March
1974

5 April
1976

Feb.1974


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Minister for the Civil Service



Labour

Wilson III
[91]

Oct.1974

Wilson IV
2 years and 33 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
James Callaghan
MP for Cardiff South East
(1912–2005)


5 April
1976

4 May
1979



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Minister for the Civil Service



Labour

Callaghan
[93]
3 years and 30 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Margaret Thatcher
FRSHonFRSC
MP for Finchley
(1925–2013)


See also § Main articles:3


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Minister for the Civil Service



Conservative

Thatcher I
[94]

4 May
1979

28 November
1990

1979

1983

Thatcher II

1987

Thatcher III
11 years and 209 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
John Major
MP for Huntingdon
(b. 1943)


28 November
1990

2 May
1997



  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Minister for the Civil Service



Conservative

Major I
[95]

1992

Major II
6 years and 156 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Tony Blair
MP for Sedgefield
(b. 1953)


See also § Main articles:4


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Minister for the Civil Service



Labour

Blair I
[96]

2 May
1997

27 June
2007

1997

2001

Blair II

2005

Blair III
10 years and 57 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Gordon Brown
MP for Kirkcaldy & Cowdenbeath
(b. 1951)


See also § Main articles:5


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Minister for the Civil Service



Labour

Brown
[97]

27 June
2007

11 May
2010

2 years and 319 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
David Cameron
MP for Witney
(b. 1966)


See also § Main articles:6


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Minister for the Civil Service



Conservative

Cameron–Clegg
(Con.–L.D.)
[98]

11 May
2010

13 July
2016

2010

2015

Cameron II
6 years and 64 days


photograph

The Right Honourable
Theresa May
MP for Maidenhead
(b. 1956)


See also § Main articles:7


  • First Lord of the Treasury

  • Minister for the Civil Service



Conservative

May I
[99]

13 July
2016

Incumbent


2017

May II
2 years and 105 days


See also





  • Assassination of Spencer Perceval

  • Downing Street

  • List of British governments

  • List of current heads of government in the United Kingdom and dependencies

  • List of Deputy Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom

  • List of United Kingdom general elections

  • Royal prerogative in the United Kingdom



Main articles




  • ^1: Premierships of Benjamin Disraeli

  • ^2: Premierships of William Ewart Gladstone

  • ^3: Premiership of Margaret Thatcher

  • ^4: Premiership of Tony Blair

  • ^5: Premiership of Gordon Brown

  • ^6: Premiership of David Cameron

  • ^7: Premiership of Theresa May




Notes


.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}



  •  Elevated to the British peerage

  • ^† Died in office

  • ^‡ Elected to a new constituency in a general election







  1. ^ Legend for the cells listed in the sixth column from right:

    • e.g.  1722  and  1841 —coloured containing a linked year, indicates general elections won by the government (see 1722) or those that led to its formation (see 1841);

    • e.g.  1830 —shaded grey containing a linked year, indicates elections held resulting in no single party winning a majority in the Commons;

    • e.g.  — —coloured containing a dash, indicates the formation of a majority government without an election;

    • e.g.  — —shaded grey containing a dash, indicates the formation of a minority government or a coalition government during a hung parliament.




  2. ^ George III appointed all but one of his fourteen prime ministers. His son George, Prince of Wales, served as Prince Regent from 8 February 1811 (Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47); it was the Regent who appointed Liverpool as Prime Minister in 1812 (Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, p. 363), rather than the monarch.


  3. ^ Douglas Home disclaimed his peerage as the Earl of Home on 23 October 1963. He was elected an MP on 7 November.




References



Citations





  1. ^ Hennessy 2001, pp. 39–40.


  2. ^ Castlereagh 1805.


  3. ^ Eardley-Wilmot 1885; Macfarlane 1885.


  4. ^ Marriott 1923, p. 83.


  5. ^ Clarke 1999, p. 266; Hennessy 2001, pp. 39–40.


  6. ^ BBC News 1998.


  7. ^ Mackay 1987; Marriott 1923, p. 83.


  8. ^ Bogdanor 1997.


  9. ^ Burt 1874, p. 106; Castlereagh 1805.


  10. ^ Law 1922.


  11. ^ Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927.


  12. ^ ab Leonard 2010, p. 1.


  13. ^ ab Carpenter 1992, p. 37.


  14. ^ Leonard 2010, p. 47.


  15. ^ ab Leonard 2010, p. 65.


  16. ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2011.


  17. ^ ab Chisholm 1911f.


  18. ^ ab Pollard 1904.


  19. ^ ab Chisholm 1911a.


  20. ^ Chisholm 1911c.


  21. ^ Chapman 2002.


  22. ^ Fisher Russell Barker 1890; Stephen 1890.


  23. ^ Morrill 2018.


  24. ^ Chapman 2002, p. 15.


  25. ^ McMullen Rigg 1899.


  26. ^ abc Chisholm 1911d; Chisholm 1911e.


  27. ^ Chisholm 1911b; McMullen Rigg 1899.


  28. ^ UK Government 2013.


  29. ^ Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, p. 413; Locker-Lampson 1907, p. 497.


  30. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 1, 5; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 1–5; Pryde et al. 1996, pp. 45–46.


  31. ^ Cook & Stevenson 1988, p. 41; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 14; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 7–10; Jones & Jones 1986, p. 222.


  32. ^ Cook & Stevenson 1988, pp. 41–42; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 17; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 11–15.


  33. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 28; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 16–21.


  34. ^ Cook & Stevenson 1988, p. 44; Courthope 1838, p. 19; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 34; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 23–26; Schumann & Schweizer 2012, p. 143.


  35. ^ Cook & Stevenson 1980, p. 11; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 28; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 16–21; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 46; Tout 1910, p. 740.


  36. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 36; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 28–31; Jones & Jones 1986, p. 223; Tout 1910, p. 740.


  37. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 42; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 33–35; Tout 1910, p. 740.


  38. ^ ab The British Magazine and Review 1782, p. 79; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 46, 50; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 39–43.


  39. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 54; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 45–50; Kebbel 1864, p. 143; Venning 2005, p. 93.


  40. ^ Courthope 1838, p. 9; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 61; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 52–56; Venning 2005, p. 93; Vincitorio 1968, p. 156.


  41. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 64; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 58–62; Whiteley 1996, p. 24.


  42. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 73; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 64–68; Venning 2005, p. 93.


  43. ^ Cook & Stevenson 1980, p. 11; Courthope 1838, p. 25; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 77; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 69–74; Venning 2005, p. 93.


  44. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 85; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 75–78; Evans 2008, p. 4.


  45. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 94; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 83–85; Styles 1829, p. 266.


  46. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 85; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 75–77; Evans 2008, p. 4.


  47. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 98; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 90–92; Tout 1910, p. 740.


  48. ^ Courthope 1838, p. 25; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 77; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 69–74; Evans 2008, p. 4.


  49. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 101; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 98–101; Evans 2008, p. 4.


  50. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 106; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 104–108; Evans 2008, p. 4; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47.


  51. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 116, 133; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 110–115.


  52. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 120, 133; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 118–120.


  53. ^ Courthope 1838, p. 33; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 123; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 124–130; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47; Shaw 1906, p. 447; Tout 1910, p. 740.


  54. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 128; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 133–139.


  55. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 136; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 141–143.


  56. ^ Courthope 1838, p. 33; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 123; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 124–130; Evans 2001, p. 471; Mahon & Cardwell 1856, p. 17; Shaw 1906, p. 447.


  57. ^ ab Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 142; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 148–153.


  58. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 136; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 141–145; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47.


  59. ^ ab Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 151; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 155–160.


  60. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–164.


  61. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 159, 167; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 169–174; Royal Society of Edinburgh 2006, p. 375; Tout 1910, p. 741.


  62. ^ Disraeli 1855; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 174; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 177–184; Royal Society 2007, p. 349.


  63. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–164; Tout 1910, p. 741.


  64. ^ Balfour 1910; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 174; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 177–184; Royal Society 2007, p. 349.


  65. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–167; Tout 1910, p. 741.


  66. ^ Disraeli 1868; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 183; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 187–189; Tout 1910, p. 741.


  67. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 196; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 195–198; Royal Statistical Society 1892, p. 9.


  68. ^ Chamberlain 1884; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 183; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 187–192.


  69. ^ abc Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 196; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 195–202; Royal Statistical Society 1892, p. 9.


  70. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 213; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Mosley 2003, p. 3505.


  71. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 213; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Locker-Lampson 1907, p. 497; Mosley 2003, p. 3505; Sandys 1910, p. 287.


  72. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 222; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 212–215.


  73. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 213, 221; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Mosley 2003, p. 3505; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47; Sandys 1910, p. 287.


  74. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 231; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 217–221; Mosley 1999, p. 173; Tout 1910, p. 741.


  75. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 239; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 223–227.


  76. ^ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 5; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 244; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 229–235; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.


  77. ^ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 6–9; The Constitutional Yearbook 1919, p. 42; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 252; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 237–243.


  78. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 262; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 246–248; Scully 2018.


  79. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–255; Mosley 1999, p. 172.


  80. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 281; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 262–264.


  81. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–259; Mosley 1999, p. 172.


  82. ^ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 13; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 281; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 262–268.


  83. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–259; Mosley 1999, p. 172; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.


  84. ^ The Annual Register 1941, p. 11; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 289; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 270–274.


  85. ^ The Annual Register 1946, p. 11; Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 17–21, 77; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 295; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 276–282; The London Gazette 1924.


  86. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 305; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 284–289.


  87. ^ BBC On This Day 2005; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 295; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 276–282; The London Gazette 1924; Mosley 1999, p. 1868; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.


  88. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 315; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 291–295.


  89. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 320; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 297–303.


  90. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 329; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 306–310; Scully 2018.


  91. ^ ab Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 333; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 313–320.


  92. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 343; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 322–328; UK Parliament 2005a.


  93. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 350; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 331–333; UK Parliament 2005b.


  94. ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 358; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 340–347; UK Parliament 2013.


  95. ^ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 61; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 384; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 350–352.


  96. ^ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 61, 270; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 392; Seldon 2007, pp. 77, 371, 647; UK Parliament 2017b.


  97. ^ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 61, 86; UK Parliament 2012.


  98. ^ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 61, 65; Lee & Beech 2011; Royal Communications 2016; Wheeler 2016.


  99. ^ BBC News 2017; Stamp 2016; UK Parliament 2017a.




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Further reading






  • Bogdanor, Vernon, ed. (2010). From New Jerusalem to New Labour: British Prime Ministers from Attlee to Blair. Palgrave Macmillan (published 20 October 2016). ISBN 978-0-230-29700-5.


  • Browne, J. Houston (1858). Lives of the Prime Ministers of England: From the Restoration to the Present Time. 1. London: Thomas Cautley Newby.


  • Davidson, Jonathan (2010). Downing Street Blues: A History of Depression and Other Mental Afflictions in British Prime Ministers. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-5793-9.


  • Grube, Dennis (2013). Prime Ministers and Rhetorical Governance. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-31836-7.


  • King, Anthony Stephen, ed. (1985). The British Prime Minister (2nd ed.). Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-0635-1.


  • Leonard, Dick (2008). Nineteenth Century Premiers: Pitt to Rosebery. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-22725-5.


  • Parker, Robert J. (2013). British Prime Ministers (2nd ed.). Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4456-1021-4.


  • Quinault, Roland (2011). British Prime Ministers and Democracy: From Disraeli to Blair. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4411-1105-0.




External links




  • "Past Prime Ministers". Gov.uk. UK Government. Archived from the original on 25 August 2008.


  • "Prime Ministers and Politics Timeline". History. BBC. Archived from the original on 27 May 2011.












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